@Headline History @Qingyun Project
Hello masters Andersons, everyone!
On time, on time, on time, the earth turtle Jun came to chat with everyone again.
Last night, the turtle Junbai was bored, turned on the TV that had not been moved for a long time, and while thinking about writing something for everyone, he wandered back and forth between the various TV stations to find some inspiration.
Between the fingers, an image of a copper hammer flower face suddenly flashed on the screen, which shocked the spirit of the earth turtle jun. Taking a closer look, it turned out that a certain TV station once again broadcast Chen Kaige's famous work - "Overlord Farewell".
Only to see that in the play, the Western Chu Overlord was facing the "Embattled Wu River Bank" and sighed "Fang Tian's Painting of the Heavens". Endless sorrow and pride added a bit of hunting heroism to the murderous ten-sided ambush.
This glimpse of the amazing courage of the world made the image of a pear garden leader linger in the mind of the earth turtle jun for a long time, lingering.
Got it, the inspiration is there, write about the pear garden master, promote the traditional culture is not also very good.
When it comes to the traditional art of Peking Opera, many young friends may already be very unfamiliar, and everyone's understanding and attention to this national essence has become smaller and smaller, and it is likely that the only memory remaining is the four famous Dan of "Mei Cheng Shangxun" and the four major trades of "Sheng Dan Net Ugly".
In fact, Peking Opera, like other national essences in our country, has a long historical precipitation, and a large number of popular figures have emerged, as far back as the late Qing Dynasty, there were "Tongguang Thirteen Absolutes" 1 on the stage to compete for glory, and in the Republic of China period, there were "Four Great Famous Dans", "Four Great Su Sheng", "Four Great Martial Students", "Four Great Famous Ugly", "Four Great Flower Faces" each leading the way, competing for the glory.
At that time, in the hundred flowers of the famous Peking Opera, there were Three bosses Yang Xiaolou, Yu Shuyan and Mei Lanfang, who represented the leaders of Wusheng, Xusheng and Huadan, standing high at the top of Pear Garden Line 2, and were known as the "Three Sages of Pear Garden", which was the object of fanatical pursuit of the whole people, and there was no beautiful scene of empty alleys everywhere they went.
In this issue, the first great master of the theater introduced to you by Master Fanghua is Yang Xiaolou, the founder of the Wusheng Taidou, the founder of the Yang Sect, known as "Living Zhao Yun".
In the pear garden line, there are not a few artistic families who inherit their father's business and pass on the torch, such as Mei Lanfang's grandfather Mei Qiaoling, father Mei Zhufen, son Mei Baojiu, daughter Mei Baoyue's grandparents and grandchildren are all famous performance masters, and for example, the Tan school represented by Master Tan Xinpei 3 has gone through 7 generations of inheritance, and now there are still direct descendants Tan Zhengyan active on the Peking Opera stage.
Yang Xiaolou is also from the Liyuan family, his grandfather Mr. Yang Erxi, is a famous master of knife Andma Dan, nicknamed "Big Knife Yang Erxi" because of the good use of large blades, and his father Mr. Yang Yuelou 4 is also a famous martial arts master, because he is good at playing Sun Wukong, known as "living monkey".
Yang Xiaolou's ancestral home is Huaining, Anhui. Reportedly. Zu Shang was a branch of the Wang Mang family that usurped the Han Dynasty, and after emperor Guangwu registered, this branch escaped from the sea hunt, and because of the evasion of the interrogation, it took the surname of the roadside poplar tree, and finally settled in Huaining, Anqing. Later, the family also had an unwritten rule, and the members of the family were called "wang" when they called each other, and those outside the family were called "Yang".
Mr. Yang Yuelou originally worked in Jin Guiyuan in Shanghai, and became famous for his handsome appearance and dashing martial arts. Because they were in Jiangnan, at that time, men and women in Shanghai did not like to watch Peking Opera, but Yang Yuelou's performance was a sea of people, every time the day fell in the west, after the red light of Jin Guiyuan was hung, men and women gathered here, only to see sideburns, fragrant clothes, people talking, flocking to the table, and the guests and friends on the seat were mostly red pink. Seeing this, some talented people also published a bamboo branch in the "Declaration", in which the sentence "only because of greed for Yang Yuelou" was widely circulated.
There is a way that there are not many people who are popular, and Yang Yuelou's popularity also involves several public cases, the most famous of which is the Wei Abao case, which was listed by posterity as one of the "Four Strange Cases of the Late Qing Dynasty".
At that time, Wei Abao, the daughter of a Guangdong tea merchant, had a crush on Yang Yuelou, wrote a love letter to entrust him, and asked him to meet in no one's place three times in the middle of the night. Yang Yuelou was suspicious and deceitful, and did not dare to go to the appointment, and as a result, Wei Abao suffered from the disease of lovesickness and was bedridden.
At this time, Wei's father had been trading outside for a long time and returned to Shanghai, and Wei's mother was afraid that her daughter had a long and two short, so she took it upon herself to ask the matchmaker to propose to Yang Yuelou, and Yang Yuelou was also very happy to accept this marriage.
Just when all the dust had settled and the good deeds were approaching, Wei Abao's uncle came out and retired from the marriage for his brother on the grounds that the drama was inferior and the marriage of good and lowly was not in accordance with the law of etiquette.
Seeing her daughter fall on the sickbed again, Wei Mu was also anxious. He privately consulted with Yang Yuelou and directly grabbed the marriage according to the customs of old Shanghai, and Yang Yuelou saw that his mother-in-law was like this, and he should come down.
After Uncle Wei learned of this, he directly reported Yang Yuelou in the name of kidnapping, just as Shanghai's Zhixian was the Wei family's Xiangshan hometown, and when the two were married, they sent three classes of servants to copy Yang's house and search out seven large boxes of gold and silver jewelry that the Wei family had sent with them.
The husband and wife who had just put on red clothes were also pressed to the top of the lobby, and after some torture, Yang Yuelou was beaten and taken into custody, and Wei Abao was slapped in the mouth and remarried with an old man.
Because Yang Yuelou is a popular celebrity, this case caused an uproar as soon as it came out, and men and women in society were upset about Yang Ming, and even the "Zi lin xi bao" and "Declaration" also openly supported Yang Yuelou.
After Yang Yuelou was imprisoned, he appealed to the Songjiang Government for grievances, but to no avail, and finally closed the case with the crime of abducting a good daughter and sent Ningguta 7 to charge the punishment. Fortunately, when she was preparing to start the uprising, Empress Dowager Cixi, in order to celebrate her fortieth birthday and grant amnesty to the world, Yang Yuelou was spared the pain of exile for three thousand miles.
After leaving prison, Yang Yuelou married Shen Yuechun, a famous man who had never abandoned and taken care of him, and the two came to Beijing hand in hand to join cheng changgeng 8's Sanqing class, and after Cheng Changgeng's death, he became the class leader of the sanqing class. Later, he entered the official institution Shengping Bureau 9 and became a teacher of the Royal Drama Class.
Born in Kyoto, Yang Xiaolou learned art from his father from an early age, and after the age of 9, he was sent by the old master to the Xiaorong Chun Society to learn martial arts, and worshiped Yu Jusheng, the master of the Yu Sect.
This little Lou Sheng's eyebrows are straight like arrows, his eyes are like a long moon, he is heroic between singing and playing, and he has the charm of his father Yang Yuelou when he is 11 years old, and he has attracted a lot of fans to pursue him.
However, at this time, Yang Xiaolou was still young, the basic skills were not solid, the tone, reading the white, and singing voice were not accurate, and the movements and expressions were not in place, and it was inevitable that some mistakes on the stage would cause laughter in the hall. Some jealous classmates grabbed on to him and gave him the nickname of "ivory toilet", alluding to the fact that he sang under the banner of his father, but in fact, he was golden and jade, and he was defeated.
After the arrogant Yang Xiaolou learned that someone had given him such an indecent nickname, he was deeply stimulated and secretly made a determination to work hard and shame before the snow.
Yang Xiaolou is a person who hates himself very much, he knows that he has no extraordinary talent, and can only use stupid methods such as stupid birds flying first. In the cobain, after running the dragon set twice a day, he was so tired that he seemed to be about to scatter the shelf. The other students all went back to rest, but he still gritted his back teeth and returned to the practice field. Turning over the heel of an incense stick again, and playing with a large knife of half an incense stick, is an additional lesson that he has prescribed to himself. Late at night at dawn, wearing stars and wearing the moon, no matter the cold or summer, insist on not quitting. Privately, in order to exercise his reaction speed and expression, he ran to the broken temple to fight with the jianghu people who wandered the world, and fought with real knives and guns, causing a body of scars, and still enjoyed it.
Yang Xiaolou's master, Boss Yu, was originally his father's brother, and he took good care of him in terms of food, clothing, shelter, and transportation, and did not leave a hand in day and night teaching, and was completely treated as a child in the family. Seeing that Yang Xiaolou was so hardworking, and what Boss Yu taught was also a natural effort, with the joint efforts of the two masters and apprentices, Mr. Yang Xiaolou would soon be able to step forward and play some important supporting roles.
After the death of his father Yang Yuelou, the Yang family road quickly declined, and the money and food were very tight, and he could no longer afford to study drama with peace of mind. Yang Xiaolou, who was stubborn in heart, refused the qualifications of the master and decided to go out and break into the dock and practice it.
After Yang Xiaolou bid farewell to Xiao Rongchun, he came to Tianjin Wei at the lower end of the Nine Rivers. After some choice, he defected to Yi Shunhe, who was led by the Kui Sect Grandmaster Zhou Chunkui, and served as a martial dragon set in the drama team. After getting along, Boss Zhou saw that Yang Xiaolou's family was far away and naturally well-behaved, diligent and studious, and willing to bear hardships and stand hard work, and he liked it very much. In the background, everyone said, "Don't look at that boy is a dragon runner now, he will definitely become a big horn in the future." As soon as he had time, Boss Zhou personally put on a robe to carefully guide Yang Xiaolou's every move, singing and thinking. Later, he also made a decision to marry his niece Xu to him.
At that time, Tianjin Wei was one of the most prosperous locations on the North China Plain, gathering many drama teams and famous characters. This provides a broad social platform for Yang Xiaolou, in addition to acting and studying, Yang Xiaolou has also made a lot of peer friends, the best of which is the gai called Tian 10, who is known for playing WuSong, and the boss of the gai.
Both of them are martial arts, both have a common language and the same hobbies, and after the two righteously married Jinlan, they were almost like glue. When there is nothing to do, the two often practice together, exchange experiences, learn each other's strengths, and make up for their shortcomings. Sometimes, the two often run to the theater to watch the plays of other drama classes, stealing the martial arts, boards and singing voices of the division's outer doors, and each of them sucks up nutrition like a sponge.
Soon, Yang Xiaolou, who is full of learning from the heads of various families, grew into a great martial artist who can single-handedly pick up the big beams, and the doorways such as long 11, arrow suit 12, short fight 13, monkey play and so on are all-encompassing, and he is known as an "all-round martial artist" and has countless fans.
From "ivory toilet" nirvana to "all-round martial arts" is only a few cold and hot, but how many sweats and tears and pain there are in these cold and summer, few people can understand, and even fewer people can do it.
Following in his father's footsteps, Yang Xiaolou, who had become famous in the folk, under the strong recommendation of his righteous father Tan Xinpei, also entered the Shengping Bureau and became a member of the royal drama class that enshrined the inner court to watch the play.
It is said that after he entered the palace, his first scene was a double play, one was a fold in the Journey to the West "Water Curtain Cave", and the other was playing Zhao Yun in "Changsakapo". "Water Curtain Cave" belongs to the monkey play, while "Nagasaka Slope" is a long lean, quickly switching between two completely different routines, and only Mr. Yang Xiaolou, who is full of rivers, can do it at that time.
Coincidentally, on this day, Empress Dowager Cixi, the number one opera fan of the Qing Dynasty, drove to the theater garden of the Shengping Bureau. Yang Xiaolou sang twice, which made the old Cixi praise and applaud, and afterwards, she also said to the left and right, "This little Yang monkey is really good." From then on, Yang Xiaolou will appear in the play of Fan Cixi.
Cixi favors Yang Xiaolou, which is an indisputable fact, and the reward for Yang Xiaolou is also richer than other dramas, the shot is 200 taels, several times more than other people's red envelopes, and often rewards him with everything close to him. In this way, people with ulterior motives began to spread rumors and confuse the public, and privately weaved the crimson news of Yang Xiaolou and Cixi.
Yang Xiaolou was horrified after hearing the rumors, if such nonsensical words were to spread to the palace, it would definitely be a major sin against the Nine Tribes. In desperation, he could only pretend to be crazy and sell stupid, and make a public appearance at the front door, the big fence, etc. Seeing his madness, shengping reported his illness to Cixi, and over time he no longer passed him into the palace to make offerings.
After gradually severing his ties with the palace, Yang Xiaolou hid in baiyunguan 14 in the west of the city and became a monk, and did not appear in the jianghu until after Xuantong abdicated.
After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the people, out of anger at Cixi's dictatorship and misleading the country, demonized him as the first female adulterer in the world, and whenever the old demon woman was mentioned in the court after the rebellion, they would take out the story of Lan Er and Yang Xiaolou and stir-fry it with oil and vinegar. Later, Xu Huiyun and Qi Rushan, two opera research experts, moved these slanderous things that were rumored and rumored to the newspaper column for the sake of eyeballs, and wrote all kinds of words, which deeply branded Yang Xiaolou with the brand of "Cixi's face".
Yang Xiaolou believed in Taoism since childhood, especially after hiding in the Baiyun Temple to avoid the disaster of killing himself, he worshiped guanzhong gao surname Daochang as a teacher, and the legal name was "Jia Nian". Praying with the Taoist monks every day, meditating and enlightening, is extremely religious.
Later, Yang Xiaolou himself said that this cultivation experience would be of great help to him in the future, and when he meditated every day, the Yi Rou Ke in his mind was just connected with the portrayal of the task on the stage, and through the time of meditation, he rehearsed the repertoire in his mind and created the exclusive technique of "martial arts singing".
While practicing the Mental Method, Yang Xiaolou also studied Taoist tai chi, qigong, swordplay and other martial arts with the GuanZhong Nursing Home, which was also very beneficial to his future stage performances.
Even after Boss Yang walked out of the empty door and re-emerged from the jianghu, he still ran to the view to hide in the middle of the view whenever he was upset.
According to the memories of his brother He Peiting 15, once, Boss Yang and his wife had a big fight over trivial matters, and in a fit of anger, they slammed the door and left, disappearing for several days. The wife and daughter searched for many unsuccessful results, and in a hurry, they went to the door to find Mr. He. After Mr. He appeased Yang's wife, he came to the Baiyun Temple, and saw Boss Yang wearing a Taoist robe and all the Daoist friends in the box room, cross-legged.
Mr. He hurried to Boss Yang's side and persuaded him to go back, but Boss Yang insisted that he had seen through the red dust, no longer had nostalgia for the red dust customs, and wanted to spend the rest of his life in the view.
Mr. He repeatedly persuaded, Boss Yang was also indifferent, in desperation, Mr. He could only go back to blow the whistle, gathered 36 brothers to kneel together, and then invited Boss Yang back.
Mr. Yang Xiaolou's contribution to the art of Peking Opera is not only in his continuous expansion of the content of the repertoire, but also in his bold innovation of stage and choreography, as well as his view of breaking the door, and sparing no effort to promote the new talents of Peking Opera.
In 1914, Boss Yang performed in Shanghai and praised the new theater in the concession with its grand style, novel setting and comfortable seating. After returning to Beijing, he raised funds everywhere to prepare to build a new theater building in light of the situation in Shanghai Theater. Under his many efforts, he finally found a place outside the front door and became the "first stage", and opened the door with the summer of that year, unfortunately, the "first stage" was destroyed by a fire 23 years later.
As the owner of the Pear Garden Alliance, Mr. Yang Xiaolou especially likes to make friends and promote rookies, and even does not hesitate to put down his body to join the stage with the descendants who are a generation later than himself, even if it is a supporting role.
At that time, the bosses such as Ma Lianliang16, Shang Xiaoyun, Yu Shuyan, Xun Huisheng, Mei Lanfang, and other bosses who were still fledgling were all guests of Mr. Yang Xiaolou, and they often sat around listening to Mr. Xiaolou's instructions, appraisals, and listening to Mr. Xiaolou preach art and virtue.
For Mr. Mei Lanfang, Mr. Xiao Lou's support is even better. I think that at the beginning of Boss Mei's graduation, Mr. Yang had a discerning eye and performed with him many times. Whether it is playing the chief judge in "Five Flowers Cave" or Zhang Yanxing, a good man in the green forest in "Spring and Autumn Matching", Yang Xiaolou is condescending to play a supporting role, and Gan plays a green leaf for Boss Mei.
In 1918, Yang Xiaolou rehearsed a new play "Farewell to the Overlord", and he personally invited Mr. Mei Lanfang to play the role of Yu Ji. In order to pursue the ultimate stage effect, the two almost entered a crazy rehearsal state. They sang and danced together day and night, hand to finger painting, and studied communication techniques. In order to perform the other scene to the extreme, the two meditated day and night. Even, when eating and sleeping, I am still thinking about the way.
After a certain meal, the two got together again and discussed while drinking tea. Unconsciously, the tea was already cold, and Mr. Mei Lanfang spilled the bottom of the tea in the bowl on the ground, ready to change the cup of heat. This scene is being looked at by Boss Yang, only to hear him suddenly shout, "There is", put down the teacup and pull the ignorant Boss Mei to the stage to practice.
After the performance of "Farewell to the Overlord", in the compromise of "Farewell to the King", Yu Ji raised her wine glass, and after reading a white "Great King Please", the two raised a glass to drink. The overlord was upset, drank the wine in the cup, put the wine glass on the table, poured the residual wine on the spot according to the appearance of Boss Mei, and then threw the wine glass backwards with force. Yu Ji was horrified, and immediately got up to sing generously and sadly with the overlord, pushing the tragic anger to a climax, which was the inspiration Yang Xiaolou got from Mei Lanfang's behavior of pouring tea.
How can such a pursuit of excellence not bear fruitful results?
In 1922, almost exhausted by the two people's efforts, "Overlord Farewell" was performed on the "First Stage", a sensation, Boss Yang's tragic overlord and Boss Mei's amorous Yu Ji interpreted heroes and beauties, guns and roses, life and death to the fullest, becoming a unique song for eternity.
To this day, this play is still a representative play of the Yang and Mei factions, which has been performed for a long time and has gone abroad many times as a reserved repertoire for cultural propaganda.
After the Japanese Kou came from the east and occupied our northeast, the land of north China was also shrouded in a cloud, and the traitors and lackeys ran amok in the land of The Capital, and gradually extended their claws to the literary and artistic circles. The traitors used art as a tool to flatter their masters and forced the artists to bow their heads to the invaders.
At that time, most of the artists had already formed a group, hated each other, feared no power, and refused to perform for the little devil. Mr. Yang Xiaolou is also one of them.
At first, the little devils were still far outside the pass, and the lackeys of the Kyoshi could not hold back. The traitors often came to the door and asked Boss Yang to sing for the devils in Shenyang, which had fallen, in order to preach the so-called "co-prosperity and coexistence" with heavy money. And Boss Yang always has a pair of angry eyes and cold eyes to the lackeys who come to the door, pointing at their noses and shouting angrily, telling them to hurry up and get out of the egg.
Not only that, in order to carry forward the national integrity and enhance the courage to resist aggression in an all-round way, he and his colleagues in Pear Garden urgently arranged plays such as "Ganning Hundred Horsemen Robbing Cao Camp" and "Lingmu Fu Sword" to defeat the strong with the weak, using ancient metaphors for the present to inspire people to rise up and resist.
On the stage, The famous Eastern Wu general Gan Ning, played by Yang Xiaolou, slowly read out, "At this time, if I do not cheer up my spirits, become angry and try to be strong, and restore the prestige of the country, if I lose to cao thieves again, not only will the nine counties and eighty-one continents of Eastern Wu belong to outsiders, but I and other small families will also become other people's cattle and horses slaves." I don't know if what I have said today is true? The words are sincere and heartfelt, the words are sonorous like iron, like a cuckoo crying blood, smashing into the hearts of the audience, causing people to cry, making people cut off their livers and intestines.
After the change of the Lugou Bridge, the soldiers came to the city, and the dog traitors prepared to hold a grand welcome ceremony in order to welcome the masters into the city. Yang Xiaolou, as the owner of the Pear Garden Alliance at that time, once again fell into the vision of the dog traitors, and after the threats and inducements were rejected by words, the dog things that maintained the association tied him to the theater.
Boss Yang had no choice but to go on stage without makeup and sing a fold of "Battle Wancheng". On the stage, he read through Zhang Xiao's mouth again, "Annoying, annoying, now there are illegal soldiers snatching my aunt away, I think the soldiers in this city are all sent by Cao Cao." The word slave is miserable! ”
After reading this confession, Mr. Yang Xiaolou spat out hot blood and almost fainted on the stage. Since then, Mr. Mui Lanfang, who has taken refuge in Hong Kong, has also begun to stage a bearded strike.17
After the blood spilled on the stage, Yang Xiaolou was carried home, almost bedridden, in October, the Beijing Division Liyuan Jie held a disaster relief charity performance for the victims of Hebei, he strongly supported the sick body, put on the stage to perform a fold of "Farewell to the Overlord", and waved off the stage from then on.
4 months later, the owner of Yang Xiaolou went west with hatred in the midst of great humiliation and grief, and the pear garden line was full of grief, and the celebrities of the Beijing Division invariably went to the Yang Residence and spontaneously held a huge and sensational funeral for the childless Mr. Yang.
It is said that on the day of the funeral, Yang Zhai stood within a radius of 3 miles to send off the tickets, and there was almost no place to stand, and even more from Baoding, Shandong and other places to come overnight. Cao Kun, Wu Peifu, Yu Shuyan, Mei Lanfang and others sent more than 100 plaques and banners, and as the funeral procession slowly traveled, there was a great sense of covering the sky and the sun. The large and small temples and Taoist temples within the Beijing Division all sent monks to participate in the super rituals, and the various chanting voices of the old Dao, monks and nuns, and lamas were deafening.
Since then, the condolences sent from all over the country, from all walks of life, sent have not been counted, and until January, there are still people who come to the door to mourn.
Before he died, he cried blood for the country, and he died of grief and indignation for the country. Unprecedented, Boss Yang's life is enough.
exegesis:
1. Tongguang Thirteen Absolute, 13 famous Peking Opera actors who became famous in The Beijing Division during the Tongzhi and Guangxu years of the Qing Dynasty, including Mei Qiaoling, the grandfather of Master Mei Lanfang, Yang Yuelou, the father of Master Yang Xiaolou, and Tan Xinpei, the master of the Tan Sect.
2. Pear Garden Line, because the grandfather of drama Tang Xuanzong created the first royal opera academy in history in Chang'an Pear Garden, so the opera circle is called Pear Garden Line, and the opera children are called Pear Garden disciples.
3. Tan Xinpei, the old master of the Tan Sect, is revered as the "Great King of the Lingjie", and once filmed China's first film "Dingjun Mountain".
4. Yang Yuelou, the father of Mr. Yang Xiaolou, the famous Wusheng, good at monkey play, known as "Yang Monkey".
5. Only because of coveting Yang Yuelou, during the Tongzhi period, Yang Yuelou sat in the Shanghai Golden Gui Opera Garden, his reputation was famous, young women from Shanghai flocked to shanghai, and talented people witnessed this scene, and published a bamboo branch in the "Declaration", "Jin Gui He is like Dan Gui You, and the beautiful people are all badged." Generally, Beijing tune is not preferred, only for the sake of coveting Yang Yuelou. Since then, this move has become a famous sentence praising Master Yang Yuelou.
6. The four strange cases at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the intersection of Tongzhi and Guangxu, there have been countless strange unjust cases, of which the Yang Naiwu and Xiao Cabbage case, the famous Yang Yuelou unjust case, the Taiyuan Strange Case, and the Zhang Wenxiang Horse Assassination Case are the most sensational, collectively known as the four strange cases of the late Qing Dynasty. These four cases, the case is complex, the process is tortuous, the ups and downs, the unexpected, the fascinating, and is still debated by the world.
7. Ninggu Pagoda, located in Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province, an important town in the northeast frontier of the Qing Dynasty, the seat and station of the Ningguta General, was the military, political and economic center of Heilongjiang and Jilin at that time, and also the main place of circulation of the Qing Dynasty.
8. Cheng Changgeng, the head of the three top three dings of Peking Opera, has made indelible contributions to the establishment and formation of Peking Opera art, and is revered as the "Originator of Peking Opera".
9. Shengping Bureau, one of the Qing Dynasty Internal Affairs Departments, is mainly responsible for collecting artists, hosting court performances, and training entertainers for the court.
10. Gai Called Tian, the founder of Gai Pai Wusheng, has been known as "Jiangnan Huowusong" for his long-term performances in Shanghai and Hangzhou, such as "Happy Forest", "Fighting Tigers", "Cross Slope" and other plays.
11. Long leaning, a branch of wusheng, generally plays a military general, named because he wears a leaning (four small flags behind his back) and holds a long weapon.
12. Arrow suit, Wusheng branch, named after wearing an arrow suit and thick-soled boots.
13. Short fight, a branch of Wusheng, generally plays a jianghu person, named for wearing short clothes, fast boots, and holding a short blade.
14. Baiyun Temple, one of the three ancestral courts of Quanzhen Dao, was founded in the Tang Dynasty, as one of the seven sons of Quanzhen in the Yuan Dynasty, and was the center of activity of northern Taoism.
15. He Peiting, a famous master of Peking Opera, specializes in Wujing and Copper Hammer Flower Face.
16. Ma Lianliang, the grandmaster of Peking Opera, the founder of Ma Pai Laosheng, the head of the Four Great Susheng, and the Qilin Boy became the Southern Qi and Northern Horses.