The old man looking out at the window. Photography by Zhong Ren
■ Reporter investigation
Data from the seventh national census will be released soon. The census is held once a decade, which is the second time since 2010 that the country has shown its population base. Industry insiders said that the census will focus on "population aging" and "low fertility rates". In fact, after responding to the rise of the aging population as a national strategy, the elderly has become a topic that every family cannot avoid.
The financial investment newspaper reporter continued to pay attention to the pension industry, after the "700 million pension project thunderstorm behind: 250 million people have nowhere to put the pension anxiety", "pension status survey: community pension into a trend, but the capital outlet is still surrounded by difficulties" two special reports, respectively, the pension market financial product chaos, the pension market status quo into an in-depth investigation, has been highly concerned by all parties.
So, in the face of a 60-year-old population of 254 million people, how will the pension industry develop in the future? In this regard, Hou Lin, a researcher at the Institute of Sociology of the Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences, answered: intelligent, professional, and socialized.
■ Chen Mei mei mei jing, reporter of this newspaper
Intelligent: Sichuan to build 60 smart elderly care communities
Sichuan, as a province with a large population in the west, as of the end of 2018, the permanent population of Sichuan aged 65 and above reached 11.82 million, accounting for 14.17% of the total permanent population, and has entered a deeply aging society.
"The intelligentization of the pension industry is an inevitable trend", almost all industry insiders and analysts interviewed by the financial investment newspaper reporter said so.
"The symbol of the intelligent pension industry is the smart pension, including a variety of intelligent equipment industry for the elderly. For example, the elderly who have just retired can choose the intelligent driving mode if they want to travel by car; the older people have the assistance of 'walking robots' and 'intelligent wheelchairs'. Wang Hong, a venture capitalist who pays attention to intelligent equipment, said frankly: "Traditional pension is a manpower-intensive industry, and the future is 'technology + Internet + pension'. ”
In this regard, Yan Yuejin, research director of the think tank center of E-House Research Institute, agreed. He believes that smart old-age care also needs to match the physical and psychological needs of the elderly.
"For example, the kitchen can do some intelligent appliances or home design to facilitate the elderly to cook and eat." In addition, intelligent equipment applications should also be combined with community management, including the use and maintenance of equipment, and even provide rental services. These service properties can be covered. Yan Yuejin suggested.
The reporter of the Financial Investment News learned from the Pension Service Office of the Civil Affairs Department of Sichuan Province that in 2020, Sichuan piloted the construction of 60 smart pension communities, and it is expected that all of them will be completed and put into use within this year.
In February this year, the reporter learned at the press conference of the Sichuan Provincial Public Service Aging Transformation and Upgrading Action that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, Sichuan will take the community pension service complex as the hub, through intelligence and embedded, effectively use the surrounding resources for the elderly and supporting living resources, and focus on creating a "15" minute urban home community pension service circle.
So, what will the future smart urban home community pension service circle look like?
Liu Lu, professor and doctoral supervisor of the School of Economics of Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, said in an interview with the Financial Investment News reporter that the elderly activity rooms in many communities now mainly provide traditional entertainment such as chess and cards, "In the future, with the help of scientific and technological means, the places or facilities for the activities of the elderly can be intelligently upgraded, such as remote monitoring, physiological monitoring, etc., to improve the availability and convenience of old-age services." ”
In Liu Lu's view, in the information age, the rapid development of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and other fields has made convenient medical services possible. "For example, doctors can now be remotely connected to doctors in pharmacies, and doctors can consult and prescribe drugs online, which greatly improves the convenience of residents to obtain medical services, and the elderly do not need to run a special trip to the hospital."
Specialization: Cultivate nursing and rehabilitation equipment technical personnel
The core of elderly care services is specialization. With the development of the industry, pension, not only to provide nursing care, its types of work will become more and more refined, skills will become more and more diverse, and the professional standards of service personnel will become higher and higher.
The financial investment newspaper reporter found in the interview that the lack of service talents and the low degree of professionalism are still the shortcomings in the pension industry.
Hou Lin, who has always paid attention to the pension industry, believes: "At present, the core problem of the pension industry lies in the brain drain, especially the lack of technical talents for professional nursing and rehabilitation assistive devices. ”
According to Hou Lin, his team found in the survey that only 1% of the elderly care service talents who have been engaged in the industry for more than 5 years are from the domestic industry, and the age is basically over 40 years old. Moreover, the income is low, and the monthly salary of many service personnel is between 2,000 yuan and 3,000 yuan, which is lower than the average income level in Chengdu. In addition, intelligence has not yet been popularized on a large scale, mainly pure manual services, and most young people are difficult to adapt.
In this regard, a pension industry investor said that in addition to the basic professional skills of gerontology, the pension talent service also needs to have many capabilities such as emergency disposal and good communication.
The reporter noted that at present, some companies provide professional talent services for the market and pension institutions. Xiao Zhao, who works at a pension service company on Xinhong South Road in Shuangqiaozi Street, Chenghua District, Chengdu, showed reporters the skill level certificate.
"Now many elderly people do not want to go to the hospital, our nursing staff meet the requirements of the skill level of the elderly care service, and can help the elderly intubate and change the medicine at the door." At the same time, the age structure of nursing staff is also relatively diverse, including certified personnel who have just graduated from nursing schools, as well as personnel with practical experience who have been nursing workers in hospitals for many years. Xiao Zhao said.
At the same time, some high-end pension institutions have also laid out professional talent service teams in advance.
The financial investment newspaper reporter found in the Chenghua District Longhu Chunshan Wanshu Chengdu Fancheng Yinian Apartment that it is not only equipped with a special medical clinic, providing medical consultations for traditional Chinese and Western medicine, but also a separate rehabilitation training room to provide 24-hour medical services for the elderly.
"There are different functional rooms such as painting, vocal music, dance, etc., and there are several gardens, where you can drink tea and jog. The most satisfactory is the customized medical care system. I have hypertension coronary heart disease, the nurse implemented chronic disease management for me to monitor the physical condition in real time, but also flexibly adjust the diet and exercise program, very professional and intimate. The 81-year-old Mother-in-law Wang was very emotional.
"In recent years, Sichuan Province has attached great importance to talent construction. After all, the old-age pension is a comprehensive health service including health education, prevention, health care, and later rehabilitation, nursing, long-term care, etc., while also taking into account the personalized and quality spiritual needs. Therefore, the construction of professional teams is very important. Hou Lin said.
Since the "13th Five-Year Plan", Sichuan Province has vigorously implemented the "100 Million Elderly Care Talent Team Construction Project", cultivated a group of professional talents with high professional level and good service quality, and improved the quality and level of old-age care services in the province.
Socialization: The whole society participates in exploring a diversified pension model
With the increasingly prominent problem of population aging, the call for socialized old-age care is also getting higher and higher.
The financial investment newspaper reporter noted that a number of foreign-funded pension enterprises such as Japan's LiAi and the Netherlands Bozuke settled in Sichuan, the Sino-French cooperation Chengdu International Wisdom Pension Service Demonstration Community Project landed in Chengdu, and a number of large enterprises such as Taikang, Sino-Ocean, Longhu, sichuan investment and other large-scale enterprises laid out Sichuan pension services, initially forming a diversified pension service supply pattern in which competition and cooperation coexist. At the same time, various social forces have also joined the elderly care service. Taking volunteer service as an example, in addition to community service volunteers and medical student volunteers, there are also volunteers from social welfare organizations.
"Usually, volunteers from the community and non-profit organizations will help the elderly clean their rooms, cut their hair, and even sing together to inspire the elderly to resonate; student volunteers from medical schools will explain to the elderly the family protection knowledge of common diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, etc., and give full play to their own strengths." Elderly care institution staff said.
The above-mentioned pension industry investors believe that "the physical and mental characteristics of aging will accompany the whole process of volunteer service, not only getting up, dressing, going to the toilet, etc., but also teaching the elderly to sing and practice calligraphy, and may also encounter unexpected situations." Therefore, basic safety precautions, emergency disposal, the use of aging equipment and other professional knowledge, is the elderly volunteers should master. ”
In this context, Sichuan is accelerating the construction of a comprehensive supervision system for 1+N old-age services, promoting the construction of a social credit system in the field of old-age services, improving third-party social supervision and industry self-discipline mechanisms, and promoting the disclosure of service quality information of old-age service institutions.
In addition, at present, some regions and the elderly are also exploring a diversified social pension model that adapts to different individuals, such as mutual assistance pension, group pension, sojourn pension and sojourn pension that have appeared in recent years.
For example, the "time bank" model in Chengdu's Pidu District. Volunteers receive orders for the needs of the elderly online, provide corresponding services for the elderly who place orders, and then upload the service records to the platform to store the volunteer time, and in the future, they can redeem the corresponding services when they need it, which is a new model of mutual assistance for the elderly that has emerged in recent years. There are also the elderly who spontaneously organize joint accommodation for the elderly, that is, choose a villa or a large house to live together and take care of each other for the elderly. Some elderly people with good economic conditions and good health tend to live in the elderly across regions, that is, like migratory birds, go to the warm and comfortable south in winter to spend the winter, and in the summer to the cool and pleasant north to escape the summer, which is a way of providing for the elderly that is characterized by sojourn and excursions.
In the view of the elderly interviewed by the reporter of the Financial Investment News, retirement pension is the beginning of a new round of colorful life. With the advancement of science and technology, with the help of policies, there are now more intelligent communities, more convenient services, and more intelligent life products... These changes add up to become the most worrying thing for thousands of families: let parents have old age, old age, old age, fun, old age. This is also the best pension vision in the strategy of dealing with aging.