01
China's chosen route for autonomous driving
China's route for autonomous driving
People who pay attention to the automotive industry are not strangers, and there are two development paths for smart cars: intelligent (bicycle intelligence) and networking (vehicle-road collaboration) two evolution paths. China has firmly chosen the second route from the top level strategy.
The development of intelligent networked vehicles in the mainland is difficult to adopt the international "bicycle intelligence" development path, and it is necessary to fully integrate intelligence and networking to establish a Chinese solution.
Intelligent networked vehicles involve the cross-integration of multiple industries such as automobiles, transportation, information and communication, and the communication, maps and data required by automobiles in the driving process have strong local attributes, requiring unified national safety supervision, so it is difficult to directly copy and quote foreign development models.
In the future, China's plan will adhere to the development characteristics of full integration of intelligence and networking, and take five major platforms such as the vehicle computing basic platform, the intelligent terminal basic platform, the cloud control basic platform, the high-precision dynamic map basic platform and the information security basic platform as the carrier, and finally realize the innovative development path of vehicle-road and cloud integration and collaboration.
——"China Plan" Intelligent Connected Vehicle Development Ideas Academician Li Keqiang Tsinghua University Intelligent Connected Vehicle Innovation Center
The essence of bicycle intelligence and vehicle-road collaboration
From the perspective of business logic, the essence of bicycle intelligence and vehicle-to-road synergy is: the allocation of technology and cost on the side and roadside.
Although the business model still needs to be explored. However, according to the forecast data of CITIC Construction Investment, the overall balance can be achieved from the economic benefits. Taking Beijing as an example, if the cost of 2,000 yuan is saved on the car, it can invest about 500,000 yuan per kilometer of road and 818,400 yuan in all intelligent equipment upgrades at each intersection.
The reasons why China chose the road of vehicle-road coordination
The United States is leading the world in artificial capabilities and integrated circuits, which makes it have obvious advantages in the intelligent route of bicycles. China's 5G technology is leading the world, and due to the characteristics of the system and the improvement of facilities, it is in a period of strategic opportunity for "new infrastructure". Therefore, combined with the characteristics of China's industry, China hopes to achieve curve overtaking through the same route.
Technical advantages of vehicle-road synergy
Vehicle-road collaboration can solve the problem that bicycle intelligence is susceptible to environmental conditions such as occlusion and bad weather, and has the problem of dynamic and static blind spots/occlusion collaborative perception.
To achieve accurate perception and recognition of vehicles or pedestrians in blind areas by autonomous vehicles, vehicles can make predictions and decision control in advance, thereby reducing the risk of accidents.
Cloud driving (parallel driving scene) scenarios can be realized. The remote cloud driving system is based on 5G technology, in the case of vehicle distress or extreme scenarios, the remote driver takes over the vehicle, realizing the efficient operation service of remote driver controlling multiple vehicles by one person. One of the safe redundancy strategies for autonomous driving is parallel driving.
Other advantages that bicycle intelligence cannot replace (see figure below)
02
The overall technical framework of China's intelligent and connected vehicles
The information and physical architecture of intelligent networked vehicles in China fully integrates the characteristics of intelligent and networked development, and takes the computing basic platform, intelligent terminal basic platform, cloud control basic platform, high-precision dynamic map basic platform and information security basic platform as the carrier, and finally realizes the innovative development path of "human-vehicle-road-cloud-map" integration and collaboration.
Among them, the computing basic platform, that is, the computing unit of the car end, and the cloud control platform are complementary to each other. In terms of multi-source data computing and processing and collaborative decision control, the computing basic platform and the cloud control basic platform are complementary to each other. The computing power of the calculation platform can be laid out on the cloud control platform to save the pressure of the car side calculation. The on-board computing unit is limited by factors such as computing power, power consumption, and size, and may not be able to support massive data calculations.
The gradual deployment of the study in the cloud is also in line with the general trend of electronic architecture evolution proposed by Bosch
03
Technical overview of the cloud-controlled computing platform
The cloud control platform constructs a cloud-based real-time data closed-loop link and real-time computing network to establish a global and accurate digital mapping of the driving and traffic environment.
Key technologies of automotive cloud control platforms
Based on the technical architecture of China's intelligent network connection, we have sorted out the key technologies of the cloud control platform
04
Industry overview of cloud-controlled computing platforms
The four development stages of the cloud control platform are as follows, and the mainstream of the industry is currently in the third stage of development
Based on the top-level planning of the operation control platform, we sorted out the industrial chain of the cloud control platform
The current status of the cloud control platform
At present, China has prepared to build an independent cloud platform, and the current situation needs to be coordinated. The promotion of the cloud control platform will start from the demonstration area and the pilot area, and some of the pilot areas of the cloud control platform are listed here:
Automotive cloud control entrants
The cloud control platform has high technical requirements and involves national strategies and data security. Entrants not only need strong technical strength, but also need to be able to ensure the security of national data, which is quite demanding.
Challenges and problems faced by cloud-controlled platforms
Although the cloud control platform is full of imagination, it faces many problems:
05
brief summary
The development of smart cars is a top-level strategy in China, and the cloud-controlled computing platform is a necessary cornerstone of China's roads. Although the industry has different attitudes towards it, China's top-level design is very determined to develop a cloud control platform. Compared with the national planning of the cloud control platform, the automotive cloud control platform industry still has a lot of room for development. Even if the roads are treacherous, they are still worth keeping an eye on.