On December 1, 1937, the Japanese invading army launched an attack on Nanjing, and Chiang Kai-shek appointed Tang Shengzhi as the commander of the capital garrison and deployed the defense of Nanjing. Due to the disparity between the enemy and our forces, the gates of Nanjing were successively captured by the Japanese army, and on the 12th, Tang Shengzhi was ordered by Chiang Kai-shek to retreat from the defenders. Due to the disorderly retreat, most of the defenders stayed in the city and were massacred by the Japanese army in large numbers, and some people escaped from death, such as Qiu Qingquan, who was hidden by the American missionary Baders in the topmost secret room of the jinling university management building.
Some people say that Qiu Qingquan witnessed the tragic massacre of the Japanese army and people in Nanjing, leaving an unforgettable memory, and since then, whenever Qiu Qingquan fought with the Japanese army, he was like crazy, beating and rushing hard, without regard for his life, so he won the nickname of "Qiu Crazy Man". When the Japanese army heard the name of "Qiu Crazy Man", they were quite afraid.
However, it was this Qiu Qingquan, who made the Japanese Kou feel frightened, but he was mad against the Communist Party and once created a tragic "one-two-one massacre" that shocked the whole country. Thousands of Communist Party cadres, party members, militia families and innocent people were also killed in a single month. So much so that when the People's Liberation Army mentioned Qiu Qingquan, it gritted its teeth and called him the "Murderous Demon King." In the end, Qiu Qingquan also embarked on the road of self-destruction. In this article, the author will review the road to Qiu Qingquan's downfall.
Although Qiu Qingquan now often appears in film and television dramas as a fierce god, he was born in 1902 and has been a bully since he was a child. During that war-torn era, Qiu Qingquan had a complete educational experience from primary school to university, and his graduation results were among the best. During his studies at Shanghai University, Qiu Qingquan was influenced by the Kuomintang elder Yu Youren and others, and Qiu Qingquan decided to throw himself into the army and be admitted to the Whampoa Military Academy to join the army.
After Qiu Qingquan, who had been reading poetry since childhood and loved to write poetry, was admitted to the second phase of the Whampoa Military Academy, he heroically wrote in a letter to his old father: "A three-foot sword in the hands of a strong man, a hundred thousand soldiers in his chest."
Qiu Qingquan, who graduated from Huangpu, soon threw himself into the "Eastern Crusade" and "Northern Expedition," but his practical skills with excellent results did not seem to be very adaptable, and his record was mediocre, but he had a lot of experience in military education and training. In 1933, eight years after graduating from the Whampoa Military Academy, Qiu Qingquan became the chief of the Political Training Department of the Kuomintang Central Army Officer School. At this time, although Qiu Qingquan's record was mediocre, because of the dual identities of Huangpusheng and Zhejiang people, he was quite important to Chiang Kai-shek.
In 1934, Chiang Kai-shek, who had always admired German military thought, decided to send Huangpu young officers to study in Germany, and Qiu Qingquan once again exerted his qualifications as a scholar and was selected to be sent to the Army University in Berlin, Germany for further study with the first place among the Huangpu generals. During his study abroad, Qiu Qingquan eagerly studied German military theory, and in order to get the lecture notes that were detained by the German instructors for no reason, he did not hesitate to use any means, or steal or cheat, typing and transcribing overnight, secretly for preservation, ready to be brought back to China for further study.
After studying abroad, Qiu Qingquan became a well-known military theorist, and Qiu Qingquan's masterpieces were often published in the Kuomintang's military publications. In addition, Qiu Qingquan also wrote a military book every three to five years, and even many years later, during his march and war as a military commander, he still worked tirelessly.
Qiu Qingquan studied in Germany for three years, and did not return to China until the eve of the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1937, when he was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as chief of staff of the Teaching Corps. When the Japanese devils attacked Nanjing, Qiu Qingquan shook his fist and asked Miao to join the battle. When the city of Nanjing fell, Gui Yongqing, the leader of the teaching corps, fled in a hurry, and Qiu Qingquan took the initiative to stay and study the retreat plan. After escaping from the city of Nanjing, Qiu Qingquan changed from a military theorist to a "Qiu madman."
In 1938, the 200th Division, the first mechanized unit of the Kuomintang, was established, with Du Yuming as the division commander and Qiu Qingquan as his deputy, and was soon ordered to participate in the Battle of Lanfeng in Henan. After several successive major battles in the early days of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression were overwhelmed, most of the officers in the Kuomintang army were deterred from the Japanese. What's more, the enemy on the Lanfeng battlefield was the so-called elite Doihara Division of the Japanese Army. Huangpu's brother Song Xilian reminded Qiu Qingquan, but Qiu Qingquan, who had always been arrogant, did not listen at all, threatening to say, "What have these enemies gained!" Watch us hit it with falling flowers. ”
At first, Qiu Qingquan led two armored battalions of the 200th Division, and at one point he actually let the Japanese troops retreat for several miles, which was touted by the Kuomintang as the "Lanfeng Victory". Unfortunately, Qiu Qingquan did not revel in for a few days, and the troops were fiercely counterattacked by the Japanese army, and Lan Feng quickly lost. To this end, Qiu Qingquan and his old chief Gui Yongqing became the laughing stock of Huangpu alumni for a time.
The Battle of Kunlun Pass at the end of 1939 was Qiu Qingquan's battle of fame, he suddenly received an order to reinforce Kunlun Pass on the way to Changsha, quickly led his troops to turn around and go south, preemptively arriving at Wutang south of Kunlun Pass before the enemy, and then decisively surprised the Japanese army, occupied Liutang, cut off the Japanese army's retreat, and laid the groundwork for the Chinese army to achieve the Kunlun Pass victory.
In the Battle of Kunlun Pass, thousands of Japanese brigade commanders and under Masao Nakamura were killed, and countless vehicles and light and heavy weapons were lost. The Japanese army had to admit: "Above this belt, Chiang Kai-shek's army is more heroic than any other aspect, and it deserves the respect of our army." This campaign also became one of the few beautiful annihilation battles of the Kuomintang army on the frontal battlefield. After the war, the Nationalist government awarded Qiu Qingquan the Baoding Medal of the Fourth Class and transferred him to the deputy commander of the 5th Army.
Qiu Qingquan himself also thought that the Battle of Kunlun Pass was the most enjoyable battle of his life, and he was also full of poetry, writing perhaps the most heroic verse in his life:
"Years of Twilight Ke Kunlun, the flag is frozen." Heaven opens to the earth, and the qi seizes the soul of Yamato. Beacons are connected to mountain trees, and knife light is illuminated with bullet marks. But with iron and blood, Hu Yu'an foot theory. ”
In the counter-offensive in Western Yunnan in 1944, Qiu Qingquan was wise and courageous, beating the soul of the Japanese army and once again showing his true color of "Qiu Crazy". Before Qiu Qingquan led the 200th Division into battle, Song Xilian's 11th Army counterattacked Longling in western Yunnan to cooperate with the Chinese Expeditionary Force in counterattacking Burma from India, but was defeated twice and suffered heavy casualties. Qiu Qingquan led his troops to participate in the battle, and adopted the strategy of "burning the Back Yin Mountain and flooding the Longling City", and finally defeated the Japanese army defending the city and completely occupied the Longling.
The Battle of Longling was another proud work of Qiu Qingquan's life. After the war, he wrote a book "How the Dragon Tomb was Captured", in which he talked about how he became a soldier with water and fire and finally defeated the Japanese army.
If Qiu Qingquan died on the battlefield in the War of Resistance, then his life is likely to be like his old comrade-in-arms Dai Anlan, becoming a national hero admired by thousands of people. Unfortunately, after the victory of the War of Resistance, Qiu Qingquan soon became an executioner who slaughtered progressives. On December 1, 1945, Qiu Qingquan led the Fifth Army, together with Kuomintang agents, to suppress the Southwest United masters and students who called for an end to the civil war, killing 4 teachers and students, seriously injuring 29 people, and slightly injuring more than 30 people, resulting in the "121" Kunming Massacre that shocked China and foreign countries.
In Qiu Qingquan's personality traits, in addition to arrogance and conceit, there is also an extremely pedantic "final king thought". Although he studied in Europe and was proficient in English and German, he was full of "the things of the king's loyalty" and wanted to "make a contribution". And the "jun" in his mind is undoubtedly Chiang Kai-shek.
Qiu Qingquan had been in contact with the Communist Party during his studies in Huangpu, and there were many generals of the Huangpu Communist Party under the background of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and Zhou Yiqun was Qiu Qingquan's second-term classmate. However, Qiu Qingquan was very utilitarian, and he believed that only by following Chiang Kai-shek could he have a future, so he did not spark with the Communist Party. After the Ninghan split in May 1927, Qiu Qingquan was arrested and imprisoned by the Communists in the confinement room of the military academy, and although the Communists repeatedly advised him to "turn back to the shore", Qiu Qingquan remained obsessed and escaped to Nanjing after more than ten days of imprisonment to join his "Principal Jiang". In the end, Qiu Qingquan turned against the Communists and persecuted them on a large scale.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Chiang Kai-shek made full use of Qiu Qingquan's desire to "make meritorious contributions and make a name" and vigorously encircled Qiu Qingquan. Qiu Qingquan was also willing to be driven, and frantically attacked the Liberated Areas in order to please Chiang Kai-shek. The Fifth Army, one of the five aces under Chiang Kai-shek's command, under the command of Qiu Qingquan, frantically attacked the liberated areas of Suzhou, Lu, Hebei, and Yu, and later as the STRENGTH of the People's Liberation Army grew stronger and stronger, the Fifth Army became a "fire-fighting" unit.
The Fifth Army was a mechanized unit with considerable combat effectiveness; in the early days of the War of Liberation, this unit inflicted great losses on the People's Liberation Army, and also occupied many cities in the Liberated Areas, and was praised by the Chiang Kai-shek clique as the "Iron Horse Division." Qiu Qingquan, who was already arrogant, became even more arrogant, boasting that "the People's Liberation Army does not fight five times", and even gave a poem: "The king has never returned to han, how can the country and the mountains be divided with thieves." Many foxes fled, and the Heshuo family looked to the Fifth Army. "It's crazy. In order to deal with Liu Bocheng, Qiu Qingquan also specially summed up the "Secret Decision on Defeating Liu Bocheng" and distributed troops to guide the troops in combat.
Not long after Qiu Qingquan was proud, Liu Bocheng chose to dispatch elite soldiers to "touch the tiger's ass of the 5th Army." Su Yu, another famous Communist general who galloped through the battlefields of East China, also targeted Qiu Qingquan after eliminating Zhang Lingfu, another Kuomintang general. After Su Yu proposed to fight several victorious battles in East China, the central military commission gave him the goal of finding an opportunity to annihilate Qiu Qingquan's Fifth Army. The Battle of Eastern Henan was fought against this background.
At that time, there were several Kuomintang regiments gathered around the Fifth Army, and it was certainly not possible to fight directly. After a few days of reflection, Su Yu finally drew up a battle plan: first open the seal, and then annihilate and assist the enemy. Soon, kaifeng, which was empty of defenses, was surrounded by the East China Field Army. Chiang Kai-shek, who has always attached great importance to the gains and losses of one city and one place, saw that a provincial capital city was about to be breached, and immediately could not sit still, and urgently ordered Qiu Qingquan's corps to support. Su Yu personally led three columns to meet Qiu Qingquan east of Kaifeng, and the battle was very fierce, and Qiu Qingquan's corps rushed to the death, but could not move forward. A few days later, the city of Kaifeng was destroyed.
After the fall of Kaifeng, Chiang Kai-shek was furious and scolded the defenders for being incompetent, and at the same time ordered Qiu Qingquan's corps and Ou Shounian's corps to retake Kaifeng. Su Yu saw that the enemy had taken the bait and immediately ordered the withdrawal from Kaifeng to attract Qiu Qingquan's army to pursue. After Qiu Qingquan, who was eager for success and quick profits, occupied Kaifeng effortlessly, he immediately chased after Huaye's main force.
Unlike Qiu Qingquan's arrogant and aggressive advance, Ou Shounian was terrified, and he did not dare to rush forward for fear of being ambushed by the People's Liberation Army. But often it is the more afraid of what the more you are, the more you get. Because of the different personalities of the main generals, the distance between Qiu Qingquan's corps and the District Shounian Corps soon widened by 40 kilometers. After Su Yu learned of the situation, he immediately issued an operational order for the Shou Nian Corps in the encirclement and annihilation area. The four columns, jointly formed by Hua Ye and Nakano, under the unified command of Ye Fei, launched a fierce attack from all directions of the District Shounian Corps.
At the same time, Su Yu personally led five columns to serve as reinforcements, and the target of the blockade was naturally Qiu Qingquan's corps. Qiu Qingquan's rescue can not be said to be inexhaustible, and the main fifth army rushed out to launch three or four attacks on the PLA positions every day, but in the face of the PLA's stubborn resistance positions, it was still difficult to advance. Qiu Qingquan never dreamed that his Fifth Army had paid the price of more than 15,000 casualties, but he could only watch the Ou Shounian Corps disappear and be powerless.
After the Ou Shounian Corps was annihilated, Su Yu adjusted his deployment and prepared to surround and annihilate the reinforcements on the other side of the Huang Baitao Corps, while increasing his strength to continue to block Qiu Qingquan. Unfortunately, when Huang Baitao's corps was annihilated by three regiments, the multi-way reinforcements of the Kuomintang army were already approaching, and Su Yu judged the situation and ordered a retreat. Huang Baitao escaped the disaster, and so did Qiu Qingquan.
At this time, a strange scene appeared, Chiang Kai-shek was promoting and awarding Huang Baitao a promotion and a medal, but he not only reprimanded Qiu Qingquan, who was also desperate to rescue, but also demoted. Chiang Kai-shek scolded Qiu Qingquan for "getting along with friendly forces, not solving the siege, not saving each other, and hating each other!" After that, although Qiu Qingquan retained the position of commander of the Fifth Army, but seeing that Huang Baitao was promoted to a knight, he was not convinced, and he was angry and did not do it, and directly asked for leave to go home, and was disarmed and returned to the field. This incident also allowed Qiu Qingquan and Huang Baitao to form a beam that could not be understood, and later played an "important role" in the Battle of Huaihai.
Although Chiang Kai-shek's anger at Qiu Qingquan had not subsided, the growth rate of the Kuomintang officers could not keep up with the speed of elimination, and there were even fewer credible generals like Huangpu disciples in Zhejiang. Soon, Chiang Kai-shek, in order to win qiu Qingquan's life, expanded the 5th Army into the 2nd Corps, and ordered Qiu Qingquan to be the acting commander, and was soon promoted to commander. After Receiving the order, Qiu Qingquan was like being shot with a stimulant, and immediately returned to the battlefield, threatening: "I will go desperately with the bandits."
Soon after returning to the battlefield, Qiu Qingquan was not happy again, because the place where he was stationed was Shangqiu, Henan. It turned out that Qiu Qingquan was not only pedantic, but also unusually superstitious, he thought that "Shangqiu" and "Wounded Qiu" were homophonous, distressed, and pondered all day long how to evacuate Shangqiu. Until his huangpu brother Wang Yaowu was captured in Shandong, Qiu Qingquan, who had a deep military theoretical foundation, immediately felt that the opportunity to evacuate Shangqiu had come.
Sure enough, after the People's Liberation Army occupied Jinan, the next purpose was Xuzhou, and Qiu Qingquan soon received the order to "move closer to Xuzhou".
After the Battle of Huaihai, Qiu Qingquan's "old friend" Huang Baitao became Su Yu's first target, and the task given to Qiu Qingquan by lao Jiang was to rescue Huang Baitao. But the road is really narrow. Only under Chiang Kai-shek's death orders, Qiu Qingquan still desperately rescued, and even transferred the general reserve team up, but after a week of fierce fighting, he still could not get close to Huang Baitao. At this time, Qiu Qingquan no longer had the sharp spirit of the past, and with his experience in fighting with the Platon Army, he knew that it was impossible to break through the PLA's position. Therefore, while directing the troops to continue to advance, he prepared to withdraw to Xuzhou. In the end, Huang Baitao was killed at Nianzhuangwei, and Qiu Qingquan and Li Mi saw that the situation was not right and immediately retreated to Xuzhou.
On December 1, 1948, Du Yuming led three corps of Qiu Qingquan, Li Mi, and Sun Yuanliang to retreat from Xuzhou. When they retreated to Chen Guanzhuang, Qiu Qingquan, who was familiar with military theory, made a decision that was completely contrary to military common sense, because the 45th Division, which was covered behind the palace, was besieged by the People's Liberation Army, and he resolutely decided to lead the main force in front to turn around and save. The corps chief of staff reminded him that it was normal for the cover troops to make contact with the enemy, and if they went to the rescue, it was likely to lead to the main army being surrounded. But Qiu Qingquan insisted on going to the rescue, and his reason was, "(Commander of the 45th Division) Guo Jiqian is my general, if I don't save him, I will scold me for not having a conscience, who will fight for me in the future?" ”
Because of this rescue, Du Yuming's army delayed the breakthrough time for two days, and finally was surrounded by the People's Liberation Army at Chen Guanzhuang.
Su Yu took a siege rather than an attack on Du Yuming's group, waiting for the Central Plains Field Army to first eliminate the Huang Wei group, which was also surrounded, before launching an attack. During this time, the Platon began a political persuasion campaign, especially believing that Du Yuming was an object that could be won. Unfortunately, the People's Liberation Army issued a number of letters of persuasion in succession, but they were not delivered to Du Yuming's hands, but were intercepted by Qiu Qingquan and directly burned. After Qiu Qingquan burned the letter of persuasion, he also threatened Du Yuming not to surrender, and ordered that as long as any letter was found to be transmitted by the first-line sentries, they would be shot.
On January 6, 1949, the People's Liberation Army launched a general offensive against Du Yuming's group. The Chenguanzhuang area was suddenly plunged into a sea of fire, and the sound of artillery shells shook the sky and the sound of killing shook the ground. The People's Liberation Army rushed to the enemy's positions like a tidal wave. Seeing that the front line was broken, Qiu Qingquan was terrified and kept saying to himself in front of the map: "Really collapsed!" Really crashed! When the battle was at its worst, he simply got so drunk that he slept on the bed with his head covered in a quilt. What Qiu Qingquan did not expect most was that the 45th Division, which he had desperately tried to save, actually surrendered to the People's Liberation Army.
Hit by this, Qiu Qingquan had no choice but to inform the remnants that "I have given up command" and then led one of his closest special agent battalions to flee north. The Plaster Has long been in a tight position, and the blocking positions on all sides have formed a dense network of firepower. In the end, Qiu Qingquan was shot several times in the chaotic battle. Rumor has it that Qiu Qingquan was insane at the last moment, running and shouting loudly: "The Communist Party is coming!" The Communist Party is coming! "Truly became "Qiu Crazy".
After Qiu Qingquan was killed, he was initially buried in a mass burial post in Xiao County, and later relocated by fleeing Nationalist soldiers. After the end of the war, Xu Guang, a photojournalist of the "Forward Newspaper" of huaye's political department, asked the masses to help exhumate the enemy's corpses one by one for identification and examination. Finally, near the Zhang Temple, Qiu Qingquan's body was dug up.