In the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the heyday of opera creation and performance, a large number of poetry poems with opera creation and performance as the main object of observation also emerged, including many poems that directly described and commented on opera artists.
The authors of such poems are either close friends with opera composers, or scholars who are very proficient in opera creation and appreciation, and their common feature is to show the personality temperament, fate, and influence of the opera troupe with images and condensed poetic language.
Selected Poems of Past Dynasties
Comparatively speaking, in the poetry of Yong opera, the names of Liang Chenyu, Tang Xianzu and Hong Sheng appear very frequently, and they are also well-known important writers in the history of opera. Therefore, this perspective is very helpful for a comprehensive and true grasp and understanding of the three major opera composers.
First, fill in the words to win the mercy of all people
During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Wei Liangfu created the water mill tune, which greatly enriched and improved the Kun Cavity and had a great influence on the music world. Liang Chenyu, Zi Bolong, No. Shaobai, Kunshan people. He created the legend of "Huan Sha Ji" and applied the water mill tune to the opera stage, which was a great success and caused a sensation, thus becoming a benchmark figure in the history of the development of Kunqu Opera.
Li Panlong's "Sending Liang Bolong": "The color pen contains flowers to give parting, and the jade pot spring wine is mixed with Wu Ji." Jinling's sons are well-known surnames, and Lefu is fighting for brilliant words." In the poem, Li Bai's allusions to "colorful pens and flowers" and Cao E's monument "wonderful words" praise Liang Chenyu's quick thinking and talent.
Pan Zhiheng's "White Under the Liang Bolong Feeling the Old Two Songs": "Pear Garden is everywhere according to new words, and the Peach Leaf Family degree is green eyebrows." A self-circulating River left tune, but people recall the Time of the Six Dynasties." "It has been ten years since I have been doing a long job, and the filler has won the pity of thousands of people." Ge Liang old swallow amphibious place, not black clothes are also pitiful." "Everywhere pressed" and "ten thousand people pity", the image vividly shows the grand situation of Liang Chenyu opera being warmly sought after and performed everywhere.
"Liang Chen Fish Collection"
Li Panlong and Pan Zhiheng only used the title of composer for Liang Chenyu, and did not touch on his more complex personality aspects. Xu Zhongxing's "Gift to Liang Bolong" goes further, and its cloud: "Spring night was drunk with The pond, and the cold of the year was comforting." The bamboo forest recognized the Qingyun instrument early, and Maoyuan competed for the word baimaran. The sword is temporarily sunken and the battle is shot, and the famous colt is not old enough to be timely. The low hui wants to form the Huainan Society, and the same mountain bushes and guizhi."
This poem not only points out the popularity of Liang Chenyu's music in Suzhou, but also laments that he has already possessed the instrument of Qingyun, but he has not been exhibited and his ambitions have not been rewarded, and he is eagerly looking forward to the day when he can develop his grand plans, not only as a composer.
The most comprehensive depiction of Liang Chenyu's style is Wang Shizhen, whose "Mocking Liang Bolong": "Wu Zhang's white-faced Ye You'er, singing Liang Lang Xueyan's words." Seven feet of ang's heart is not protected, and he wants to leave at different times." The first two sentences write about the situation in which the children of Suzhou are competing to sing Liang Bolong's works, and the last two sentences describe his instrument Yu Xuan Ang and heroic chivalry. "Gift Liang Bolong North Travel Song": "Bo Long's seven feet of hair, the reed does not scatter the hero's sorrow." I was swept across the river, and I wanted to roll up the sky of changhong...".
From the above two poems, we can see Liang Lang's physical temperament: seven feet long, tiger cheeks and beard, Ren Xia heroic, extraordinary temperament, is a character who wants to leave a category.
Ming Fu Chun Tang published "Huan Sha Ji"
"Gift to Liang Bolong": "Han Guan's title strikes The first hua, liang yuan Wencheng seat is more exaggerated." There are few heroes in the autumn frost in the box, and the old famous family of spring snow in the song. Jiangling ke wrote jin louzi, and Jianye people sang Yushu flowers. Whoever returns from the tao is still standing on the wall, Wenjun is from Sencha." The poem shows Liang Bolong's heroic style, praises him for his talent, is worthy of being a famous composer, and praises his outstanding talent, lamenting that although he is like Sima Xiang and accompanied by Zhuo Wenjun, his family is surrounded by disciples and his life is poor.
As for Liang Chenyu's position in the history of opera, because of the sufficient distance, the Qing people can see it more clearly. Xie Qikun's "Ninety-Six Poems on the Ming Dynasty": "The cavity changes and the Yang spreads to the sea, and the strings play the white ramie and dance the Yang branches." Wu'er Yan xue xu on the river, singing the words of Liang Lang's young woman" in unison." This poem is thought to be that Liang's move of Kunlu to the opera stage changed the previous dominance of Yiyang Cavity in the music world, so that Kunlu was widely spread with his works and swept the world.
In the late Qing Dynasty, Sun Junyuan inscribed the words of "Huan Sha Ji": "The water mill cavity Sheng Beiyin died, the pleasant Ear Wu Qi learned Taicang, and Huan Sha was rewarded by people." At that time, yu mingtang was victorious, and it was difficult to cooperate with the palace merchants. The sentence is wide red tooth drum, the word beckons white-faced madness, and the lake and sea are famous." This word is based on the history of opera tone, and it is believed that the circulation of Liang's "Huan Sha Ji" led to the popularity of Kun Cavity and the demise of Northern Qu, so its historical status of opera surpassed that of Tang Xianzu.
"Re-engraving Like a Raccoon Yarn"
Second, the ancient and modern teachers of the word field jade tea
Tang Xianzu, the character meaning is still, the number ruoshi, Linchuan people. He wrote the "Four Dreams of Linchuan" and is recognized as a great opera composer.
Zou Diguang's "Sending Linchuan TangYi Still Two Songs" is a beauty to imitate Linchuan, inheriting the tradition of vanilla beauty since the poetry, with "Bathing snow is not stubborn, Xuan Lang is high in his position." Stealing the generation of Qingfen, the word forest put the red banner", praising his talent and good character; to "not bo and cultivate pity, but Jia female concubine." When he saw the rebuke, the middle way was even hesitant", sighing that his moth eyebrows were jealous and his fate was uncertain.
Xiong Ming met "Tang Ruoshi Xianzu": "Linchuan Pen Xiu Ruhe Qing, Caizi Talks about the old and famous. The Jade Ming Library is full of volumes, and the light is shining on the blue sky. The wind blows the twilight clouds cold green jade, and the moon reflects the smoke to protect the purple stems. The copper pot of the Han Temple is incense, and the Youshan Laurel Tree is Yingying. The curtain hook is given to the Tengwang Pavilion, and the crane accompanies the blowing of the doubtful son Jinsheng. The chest is woven with splendid embroidery, and the waves on the paper are strange. Anti-thinning clouds straighten the road, and the relocators are alone and light. The official Bo Nancao called the ceremony, and the eyes of the world were not clear. But sing the peony pavilion under the song, who and the green pu fold sill sound".
The Complete Works of Tang Xianzu
The poem praises him for his unparalleled talent in the literary world, for his rich collection of books and profound knowledge, lamenting that he is only admired for his achievements in opera, while his lofty political integrity of writing outspoken and outspoken has been ignored by the world.
Wu Songliang also felt this outrage, and mourned for it, and his poem "The words of the ordinary life are hidden, and the four dreams can also be mourned" ("Mr. Tang Ruoshi Yu MingTang").
In later generations, those who worshiped Tang Xianzu were very popular, and the most prominent of them was Lu Rui in the early Qing Dynasty. When he was sentencing Fuzhou, after the completion of the reconstruction of the Yuming Hall, he summoned the government officials and scholars, and Wu Ling performed the legend of "Peony Pavilion" at night, and gave poetry to Jizhi, and there were many people who sang peace with him, which can be called a literary event and a good story of art.
Lu Rui Shiyun: "A hundred years of wind and moon talk linchuan, splendid thoughts and transmission." A generation of humanities pushes dayou, and the three Tang poems will be truly interpreted. I often look at the eunuch taste the same autumn water, but let idle feelings chase the twilight smoke. The strange "Peony Pavilion" music house, the sound and sound of the words through the sky." The author pays high respect to Tang Xianzu with practical actions, expresses his heartfelt admiration, praises Ruoshi Jinxin embroidery, can be a model for scholars, and honors "Peony Pavilion" as a wonderful work, which is still charming after a hundred years.
Stills of the Kunqu opera "Peony Pavilion"
Tang Sun Hua's poem said: "Linchuan Yizao Xu who group, pen immortal aura spit fen." Talent article on the machine Brocade, beauty shape shadow dream cloud. Jin Quan ji is passing on new sentences, and Yu Ming Tang is empty and cold. It is as if the soul of the soul comes to the moon and night, and the fallen leaves are sung or heard from time to time" ("Changshu Lu Ci Gong Yu Yu Tang Set Up Tang Yi Still Mr. Wood Starring Peony Pavilion Chuan Zhen Zhi Zhi This poem praises Tang Xianzu's rhetoric as beautiful and unmatched, the pen is rich and fragrant, and the text is as splendid as a splendid brilliance.
Tang Yi still used his outstanding talent to be copied and taught by later generations of composers. For example, Liang Qingbiao's poem: "The ancient and modern teachers of the jade tea in the word field, followed by Yang Chun and more in Si" ("Liu Yuanguan Chen Ling Performs qiujiang drama Cixuetang rhyme"). Buwu Tang Xianzu Zhangming is more authored than "Nanhong Beikong", Wang Wenzhi's "Winter Zhejiang Zhongzhong Zhugong Di Zhao Ya Collection During the Second Li Meiting Observation Rhyme Four Songs" The fourth: "Barnyard Lefu Shao Linchuan, characters and flowers haunt the willows". The poem reveals that Hong Sheng inherited Linchuan, and the literary style is remarkable.
Ru Lunchang's "Ten Legends of the Peach Blossom Fan": "Absolutely tune Ning Tong Swallow Note, reopen the altar and follow Linchuan". The author praises "Peach Blossom Fan" for its innovation on the basis of inheriting Tang Xianzu, which is far better than Ruan Dacheng's "Swallow Notes".
Qing Periodicals Wu Wushan Three Women's Joint Commentary "Peony Pavilion"
Third, the unique talent Hong Fangsi
Hong Sheng was a leading opera composer in the Qing Dynasty, and the Hall of Eternal Life not only established his status in the history of opera, but also ruined his lifelong fame. During Empress Tong's mourning service, Hong Sheng invited lingren to perform "The Hall of Eternal Life", was impeached and imprisoned, dismissed from prison, buried his career, and died in cloth.
First of all, "Acting in the Hall of Eternal Life Hurts Hong Fangsi": "A new song is a medium of misfortune, and it was written all over Yantai at that time", which refers to this matter. There are many opinions on the matter, and the famous poem Yun: "Although the national costume is not yet full of mourning, how to enter the theater." There were some mistakes in my own family, and I don't blame the old yellow for the bullets." The poem points out that Hong Sheng's violation of etiquette is inherently wrong, and the impeacher cannot be blamed entirely.
However, most people believe that Hong Sheng has been slandered, slandered, and is a victim, and expresses deep sympathy. Zhu Yizun's "Reward Hongsheng": "Jintai wine sits on a red note, and the clouds scatter and the stars are separated for another ten years." Hai Nei poet Hong Yu's father, Liu Tun Tian of the Forbidden Zhongle Province. The words of the sycamore night rain are poignant, and the pearl of coix is slanderous by accident. It is not easy for white hair to meet, and the head of the river is under the rope." This poem is compared to Hong Sheng, a famous poet of the Song Dynasty, Hong Yan, and the lyricist Liu Yonglai, showing his literary talents, thinking that his misfortune, like Ma Yuan of the Han Dynasty, was caused by slander.
Hong Sheng stamps
Wu Wen's "Re-show Fang Si": "The world has never been less fixed, and Sumi can not be burned with flying fireflies." The sound of the fish is discernible, and the kunhua nanming is more northern. If you want to kill Li Bai, who knows Qin Qing better. Feng Zero Chicken Was Medicine at that time, and the new legend of the violent gui was also Poria". The author hates the suddenly expensive Xiao Xiao who shakes his lips and tongue, manipulates right and wrong, and sympathizes with Hong Sheng's unfortunate experience.
Zhu Yuanying's "Gift to Hong Fangsi": "Only because of a song "Hall of Eternal Life", he has been living in the rivers and lakes for twenty years. Even the men were practicing, before the red tooth sandalwood feast. He expressed deep sympathy for Hong Sheng's unfortunate fate and lamented that "The Hall of Eternal Life" is still popular and staged at the court.
In addition to Kong Shangren, there was no talent among Qing Dynasty opera composers who could be compared with Hong Sheng, and some poems were praised by talents. Wu Qi's "Night Reading Fang Si Zhule Fu Inscription Gift": "Kikube is in the present generation, and the Gollian festival is a palace merchant." For a moment, I looked sideways at Caizi, and a few low beards worshiped Fan Lang. The pen holder coral original number, kite tune tortoiseshell letter very much. The Emperor of Han was thinking of Ling Yunke, what is the Seven Treasures Bed." The poem praises his talent and wins him the admiration of many beautiful women.
"Hong Sheng Ji"
Zhou Zaijun poetry said: "Qiantang Caizi composes a new cavity, and the paper Gui Chang'an is busy writing." If you don't count the agarwood pavilion side tunes, why not put your name and surname into the bullet chapter." This poem depicts the scene when the "Hall of Eternal Life" was published, which led to the expensive paper in Luoyang, and people rushed to copy it. Huang Hetian's poem said: "Xiling Caizi composed a new voice, and people were famous in Chang'an. Yan Si was amazed and exaggerated, and the Hall of Eternal Life proved affectionate."
Hong Sheng, who was originally famous in the capital, further demonstrated his astonishing talents through the creation of the Hall of Eternal Life. Ling Tingkan's poem said: "The lower parts have competed for the title, and Yang Ajichu paid for the mud plow." Whoever passes on the magic of the Yuanren is only the Xiaoren Hong Barnyard" (Thirty-two Songs on the Absolute Verses of the Treatise on The Song of Thirty-two). Among the many opera composers in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the author believes that only Hong Sheng understands and absorbs the essence of yuan miscellaneous opera, which is a high praise in the context of the opera "Zong Yuan".
Hong Shengshu fan surface
Yu Fan's "Reading Yuanren Miscellaneous Dramas": "The unique talent Hong Fangsi, the immortal song is good at that time." Who knows the sentence between the clouds in the sky, stealing the Yuanren pink butterfly." Although the poem points out that the lyrics of the "Hall of Eternal Life" are copied from the "Wutong Rain", its intention is to praise Hong Sheng's unique talent.
Because of Hong Sheng's extraordinary talent and death in the water, some poems naturally associate li bai and Qu Yuan with it. Wang Shizhen's "Bang Hong Fang Si": "Send Erqian Creek to go, and there will be many years of delay." It is uncertain what the fish belly hates. Hidden with a cocoon, summoning the soul to hang Miluo. New Word Transmission Orchestra, Listen to Cher's Song". This poem compares Qu Yuan from Shen Xiangyuan to Hong Sheng, and expresses deep condolences for his drowning in Wuzhen, which makes people sigh and sigh.
Qing Barnyard Grass Hall Publication "Hall of Eternal Life"
Dai Xi's "Hanging Hong Fangsi": "Famous people are born of Doe, and it is strange that people die." The smoke and waves are vast, and the soul is so strong. Too white riding whale day, three Lu as a gift. The vast heavens and the earth are vast, and the ages make people sad." The poem further compares it with Li Bai and Qu Yuan, thinking that they were born sleepy and died strangely, making heaven and earth sad.