Interview with Jiang Hao, a revolutionary predecessor of the Taiyuan Old District Construction Promotion Association for the 30th anniversary of its establishment

Author: Niu Aike Taiyuan Old District Construction Promotion Association

Jiang Hao, male, surname Chang, real name Chang Youqian, after participating in revolutionary work for the needs of family and work, pseudonym Jiang Hao, born on May 27, 1930, Taiyuan City, Xiaodian District Liujiapu Township Luoyang Village; the former Taiyuan County No. 3 (school site in Beige, referred to as Beige Sangao) high school graduates, primary school education. In 1944, he lived in the Qingkang School, and after graduating, he joined the revolutionary work; he joined the Communist Party of China during the Liberation War. He participated in the Battle of Taiyuan Liberation and the Battle of bandits in the Great Northwest, participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea after liberation, was wounded in battle, and was a second-class and first-class disabled soldier; fought and worked in Korea for 8 years, and returned to China in 1958. In 1963, he transferred to Taiyuan. In 1992, he retired from the Xiaodian District People's Congress and was treated at the department level.

Fifth, my student days

I was born into a poor family, and thanks to the hard work of my fathers, I later reached a middle income, although not rich, nor poor. I was the eldest of my peers in the family and was male, so my grandmother loved me more than anyone else. When he was young, he went to the west with his grandmother's owner's house, and the conditions were better than those of poor children, but the good days were not long, and his grandmother died of illness when she was four or five years old. Our village is on the edge of the Fenhe River, and due to poor water conservancy conditions, no major water damage occurs every year, and small water damage will also occur. Since I can remember, our village has not been flooded for a year, and it is not at all true that nine disasters in ten years have not been flooded. One of the reasons why my village is poor is water damage. Especially in late summer and early autumn, the villagers are always afraid of being flooded. So my village is poorer than the neighboring village, and it can't be changed for many years. There wasn't even a decent landlord in the village. There were only two or three landowners, and they were much worse than the landowners of other villages.

When I was seven or eight years old, there was a sudden change in the Japanese invasion of China. The Kuomintang Central Army retreated south from the Taifen (Taiyuan to Fenyang) Highway and the Taixu (Taiyuan to Xugou) Highway. For a time, the country was destroyed and the family was destroyed, the smoke of war was filled with gunfire, and the rich fled to the West Mountain to flee. The moneyless could not escape, and helplessly waited at home for bad luck to come. After the devils came in, they did a lot of bad things, burning and looting, and doing no evil. The villagers live in the heat of the water. In such a harsh environment, the people in the village still want us young people to go to school, learn culture, and increase knowledge to change our destiny.

Around 1938, Zhang Chunchun, an enlightened person in our village, invited a relative from Nanzhang Village in Jinci Town, this person's surname is Zhang, I don't know the name, we call Mr. Zhang, in the village He Xianjia empty courtyard opened a private mat, I and other children in the village, into the private school to study. I don't know how much tuition is spent each year, it's a matter for the grown-ups, but I remember only going on for nearly one winter and one spring. The books I read, from "Hundred Family Names" and "Three Character Classics" to "Zhongyong", "University", "Analects", and "Mencius", my basic cultural knowledge was laid from here, and later the situation calmed down, and in order to consolidate the rule of the Japanese devils, the schools run by villages and villages began, and the private schools ended.

From 1939 to the spring of 1940, I went to the school run by the village and read what the villagers called foreign books. One year, someone mentioned going to the Third Higher Primary School in Taiyuan County, Beige, and later it was reported that Xiao Hui (real name Cui Daoming) mentioned it. This person was an important person in our school, and he recommended that I go to a school that was better than the village-run school, so that Xiao Hui (Cui Daoming), Li Rulan, Wang Dianying, and Wang Chunsheng were sent to Beige Third High School. The five of us set a precedent for people from my village to go out to school. At that time, a high school graduate like us was our pride and the pride of our village, and later a group of people followed us to Beige SanGao To go to school.

When I went to school in the village, in addition to the five people in the same village, there was also Wang Yu (Liu Peizhang), who later became a college student and was also an outstanding student among the students. At that time, it was very hard, getting up at two or three o'clock in the morning to go to school, and reciting texts to the teacher at eight or nine o'clock. Like reading private schools, it is to read dead books, dead books, and take word recognition as the first. Because I study hard, I always rank second and third in the final test every year, and the first is Xiao Hui, and as the years go by, my age is also growing. Around 1939, our village established a village government led by the Communist Party, and the staff of the Eighth Route Army constantly appeared in our village, and at that time, it was not known that the teacher Hao Wenyan was an underground party member of our side, and he did underground work in the name of a teacher, which was learned later. During this period, I was able to read textbooks in the Liberated Areas, and later organized an underground children's group, and I was one of the members, constantly interacting with Li Fen, and in contact with Li Yue, the head of the education section of my county, I already knew that the government organized by the Communist Party was an anti-Japanese government, and I understood the truth of the pain of being a slave to the country, and this was the ideological basis for me to participate in the revolution later.

When the puppet army and the Japanese devils came to the village, we hid the communist textbooks in a secret place, that is, the stomach of the Guan Gong clay statue, and the devils read this book sooner or later after the devils left, when the school chief lived Jia Tingfang (a native of Sanxian Village) and Li Chunwen (li said that the son of section chief, a Beige person) these people were older than us, and they also gave us propaganda of the policy of the anti-Japanese democratic government, although we went to school in the enemy-occupied areas, but we were indeed educated in democracy. What is accepted is the idea of national salvation. Later, I learned that not only Hao Wenyan was an underground party member, but Wang Chunguo, the party branch of our village (the first underground party), was also an underground party member and often ran our school activities. Ren Wusheng County Governor, Chen Hua Section Chief, Zhou Fengming County Chief and other staff members are constantly active in my village and have lived in my family. Over time, I developed feelings for democratic government.

In elementary school, the means by which the teacher managed the students was to play the board, and the precepts of reading were not three or five, which was closely related to the society of China's feudal for thousands of years. The main reason is that the teachers I met were underground party members, and they did not use the old method of teaching, and the high school teachers did not like to use that feudal method of teaching. None of our six close classmates had ever been on the board, and they had done something wrong, and the teacher had only reprimanded them.

In the North Grid high school for two years, every Saturday home once a week, Monday on the back of their own share of the rations, rations are coarse grains, such as sorghum noodles, corn flour, etc., North Grid is twenty miles away from my village, more than ten years old I am so every week, in the school every day breakfast is corn flour made of boiled knots, lunch is sorghum noodles, plus salt and vinegar vegetables to take care of themselves, the evening is Hezi rice, generally can not eat white noodles, the cycle begins, day after day, although the living conditions are bitter, but everyone has no complaints, single-mindedly working hard to study, for the future to find a way out.

Although it is still a dirt bun in The Beige School, it is much more foreign than going to school in the village, and it can live and study outside, and the dress is different from the people in the village, mainly in contact with society, and with the interaction, it will rise a step. Life in Benge School is simple and hard to study. Get up in the morning to run, come back to study by yourself, take a one-hour break from four classes in the morning, take four hours of class in the afternoon, study by yourself in the evening, make a diary every day, write an article a week, study and digest the other courses on the same day. The two years of school life have benefited a lot, learned a lot of knowledge, and established a deep relationship between teachers and students.

After living on campus for two years, whenever there is a break before and after self-study in the evening, there is always a break, and the students are in groups, gathered, and talk about the wind and the topics in the dormitory, which are mostly revolutionary content. Saying that the democratic government of Xishan was good, Wang Ligang of Dongshan attacked the Japanese son on the Xiao River, and the leader of the Beige pseudo-squad was ambushed and killed in Zhanghuaying Village. Such news soon spread to the school, mainly because of the activities of my underground party members among the teachers. The school has a student council, and the students in the student council are older than me and have better academic performance than me. Is the president of the student union, although my academic performance is not good, but also a first-class student, coupled with a straightforward and cheerful temperament, I have also been the vice president of the student union, the head of the order unit, such as students do not obey the rules, maintained by the head of the student union order unit, going out of the whole team is also my responsibility, generally the queue for school is another classmate Zhang Lindong's task. Up to now, my old classmates recall this period of time, and also say that my prestige in those years, saying that I later engaged in military work and embarked on the revolutionary road, were all determined by the character cultivated from an early age.

Sangao Primary School in Taiyuan County (equivalent to the current southern suburbs) compared to other schools, is second to none, some people say that students from the three high schools, in the society are very good, this is the good quality of teaching and the quality of teachers, determine the reputation of the school, so I study in this school, I am very proud in my eyes. Later, I learned that during the reign of the Japanese Kou, our county established three Communist Party branches in Hedong, one of which was one of the three high schools, and there were already Communist Party members in the concentrated areas of intellectuals in our county, and the Communists were secret, single-line contact, even at the same table, sleeping in the same kang, working in the same room, and not knowing who was a Communist Party member. The principal Cui Lizhong (Zhang Huaren, who was the vice principal of Taiyuan No. 5 Middle School) is a member of the Dongshan Department, he did not know that the teacher Niu Ledao (branch secretary) and Bu Jun were members of the Xishan Department, so the principal also restricted our activities, and Niu Ledao and Bu Jun'er were still guarding against him when they carried out revolutionary work, afraid of exposing the party's secrets, and after the liberation, these secrets were revealed, only to know that they were originally from their own families. Although the school was run in the enemy-occupied areas, there were many sympathetic revolutionary participants in the activities of the Communist Party, and the school often showed a revolutionary atmosphere, and most of the students trained from the school later participated in the revolutionary work, and none of them served the Japanese. In 1984, when the school celebration was held, the student assembly was fully confirmed by the fact that everyone was a revolutionary or a commoner.

The three colleges and universities are the cradle of revolutionary talents, and although they are located in enemy-occupied areas, they have trained many revolutionaries, and we have also embarked on the revolutionary road from here. Before and after the surrender of the Japanese Koukou, more students from the three high schools joined the revolutionaries, and like our fourteen and fifteen-year-olds, there were many more revolutionary workers who ran away from home and devoted themselves to the revolution. It is also common for female classmates to run away from home and embark on the revolutionary road. In the end, Niu Ledao, Bu Jun, Ma Futu and other teachers all went out of school and went up the mountain to engage in revolutionary work.

I graduated from Bengerg High School in 1942. After graduation, you face unemployment, and only there is a way out of the middle school entrance examination, but this road is not easy. At that time, only five people went to the whole village, and when they went to Taiyuan Junior High School, they were reduced by more than half. I remember that there were more than thirty people in the graduating class at that time, and there were more than a dozen who were admitted to junior high school, and there were only Xiao Hui and me in our village. My father gave me a few yuan, and my classmates and I set off from Beige and walked to Taiyuan on foot, and it was already evening. There are relatives to relatives, no relatives live in the store, there were many private shops at that time, but to the evening bugs bite people can not describe, during the day to nibble a burnt cake to drink bowls of tofu, it does not matter at that time to eat these bitter, the important thing is to be afraid of the list of no name, at that time Taiyuan only had a few middle schools, one is the first taizhong (now shangma street seven middle school site), the second is taishi (now the site of the tenth middle school of Jiefang Road), and there is a taiji in Houjia Lane (that is, Taiyuan technical school, the school site is in the current division college). I would like to take the exam too skilled, because after graduation I can become a worker, and being a worker was considered very successful at that time. It's out of the ordinary. So I applied for the Taishi examination.

At that time, in Taiyuan, the streets were all dirt roads, and after the rain, the smell was smoky, and the mud was difficult to walk. The rich ride in rickshaws, the poor on foot. We stayed in the small shop at night, bitten by bed bugs, and nibbled on burnt cakes during the day to wait for the list to announce the test results. Ten days or so is really difficult, and when the results come out, they are not on the list. Return to the village with heavy footsteps and pessimism. This is my first time in Taiyuan and the first time I failed the exam. After returning to the village, I did not have the courage to enter the house and prepare to eat the training of adults. Sure enough, when I entered the house, it was like the county grandfather interrogating prisoners, and I was scolded by the adults, which was really helpless.

Later, my father entrusted me to go to taiyuan Dabeimen Street Dongtou Daoxiang No. 1 Primary School to make up lessons. During this period, there were He Shixian of Zhang Huaying, Ma Forge Leaf of The North Yunzhi, and only the three of us outside the south gate lived in the school. The class is not bad, after studying here for nearly a year, the second year I applied for the Taishi examination and finally got admitted. But what is not smooth is that the school strictly stipulates that students speak Chinese in the morning, are not allowed to speak Chinese in the afternoon, learn Japanese all, and send Japanese inspectors, such as someone speaking Chinese in the afternoon, they will beat and kick, and what is worse is that life is not guaranteed, sorghum nest head is two per person, each meal is limited supply, there is no enough to eat, hungry panic. Because the side food is not good, I can't eat enough vegetables, so that I can't pull down the, and even the blood is broken. The students were very dissatisfied with such enslaved education and the harsh living conditions, so they dropped out of school and went home, and I was one of them, and I lived such a life for about half a year, which was an unforgettable sad experience for my middle school students.