Since ancient times, people's speculation about the tomb of Qin Shi Huangdi has never stopped. Although the underground palace of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang has not been opened until now, experts have only excavated a few funerary pits to find the world-renowned Qin Shi Huang underground army - terracotta warriors. In addition, experts have unearthed other national treasures, including bronze carriages and horses, but its number has always been a mystery, because it is neither one nor two, so how many are there? If you are also curious, the following Xiaobian will reveal the secret.
Since the 1970s, archaeologists have conducted in-depth investigation and research on the area of Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum, when some villagers dug out the burial pit of Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum when digging a well. Therefore, in order to protect the cultural relics in the funerary pit, the experts also took this opportunity to carry out the excavation of the funerary pit, which has been excavated for more than 40 years today, allowing us to have a deep understanding of the mysterious Mausoleum of the First Qin Shi Huang. During the excavation, experts unearthed countless precious cultural relics, but 8 of them can be counted as the weight of the country, namely terracotta warriors, sleeve-handed figurines, stone bozhi, golden goose, bronze ding, stone armor, bronze swords and bronze carriage horses, and copper carriage horses are the most important.
According to the records, the bronze carriage horse was discovered in December 1980, and once it was discovered, it caused a great sensation. At that time, experts were cleaning up the sealing soil on the west side of the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin, and found a funerary pit 7.9 meters underground, covering an area of about 200 square meters. The experts first cleared out the mud from the funerary pit, and found several side-by-side coffins in the middle, about 5 meters long and about 3 meters wide, and there were fragments of bronze utensils in the coffin rot, which was presumed to be crushed after the coffin rot.
Experts carefully cleaned up and extracted the bronze fragments one by one, and there were more than 6,000 pieces after statistics. At the beginning, the experts were very curious about what the bronze fragment was, and then sent to the museum for research and simple splicing, it turned out that there were horses and frames, so it could be determined that this was a bronze carriage and horse, so the experts were also very happy, after all, it was the first time to find a bronze carriage horse in the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang. However, experts also feel embarrassed, copper carriages and horses are about to shatter into slag can be repaired?
After several months of discussion, the experts formulated a complete restoration plan, which must make sure to bring the copper carriage and horse back to life. First of all, the experts sorted all the fragments, such as horse body, horse legs, horse head and horse tail, as well as the wheels, shelves and shelves of the car. Then, the fragments after classification are partially spliced, and after the local completion, the different parts are connected. Finally, the connected horses and carts were adjusted and repaired, so that we got what we see today.
The restoration process of the bronze carriage and horse is simple to say, but it is surprising to start, otherwise the experts would not have taken up to 8 years. In 1989, the first exhibition of the restored bronze carriage and horse was carried out, one was a vertical car, the other was an installation car, both of which were doubled according to the proportions of the human body, which looked very shocking. The stand-up car and the an-car are both a four-horse structure, the difference is that the standing car is a chariot, people stand on the frame to drive, and the anche is a car that rides every day, and the interior and exterior decoration are more exquisite and luxurious.
Archaeologists have studied that the bronze carriage horse is the largest bronze in history, and it is also the most difficult to manufacture bronze, there are more than 3500 parts on and off the whole car, and these parts are still flexible, which shows the superb casting skills of the Qin Dynasty at that time. Soon, the bronze carriage and horse not only aroused the heated discussion of cultural relics experts in China, but even many foreign experts and scholars came to investigate and study, so it also brought a problem, that is, foreign experts found several driving horses.
At that time, mainland experts said that only two driving horses were found, but many years later, someone found the archaeological data of that year, and it turned out that it was not two driving horses, but many driving horses. Later, after careful examination, experts also confirmed the records in archaeological data, because the copper carriages and horses were to be protected, so the true number of carriages and horses was not announced to the public. When experts excavated the funerary pit, they found that many bronze fragments were oxidized after excavation, so they took out some of the bronze fragments and then repaired them, and the remaining fragments were buried intact, because they were best preserved under underground anaerobic conditions, so there was no further excavation.
It can be seen that no one knows how many copper carriages and horses are underground, but according to the terracotta warriors buried by Qin Shi Huang, there will definitely not be only two driving horses, and even 200 driving horses are not much. But unfortunately, the current archaeological technology is still difficult to protect the excavated cultural relics with zero damage, so not excavating is the best protection for it. Unless there is a natural disaster, or because of the need for construction, protective excavation is required, otherwise the cultural relics will be more damaged and damaged.
Today, the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang has not been opened, which not only leaves us with endless imagination space, but also the best protection of history. In fact, the power of nature is infinite, and even if our science and technology is advanced, it is difficult to compete with it, so we must respect nature and history in order to obtain a happy life.
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