The Longquan kiln is now very hot
And for the next 20 years
The girder of the auction of high ancient porcelain will be supported
Because from the beginning
Longquan kiln is for the global service
His beauty has a popular circle
It's not like the other five famous kilns
Mainly attacked the aesthetics of the Song Dynasty at that time
Longquan Sword took the side
From Song to Ming
Take advantage of going out to sea
Rampant trade
Earn enough extra money
He eventually died in the closed country of the Qing Dynasty
The following pieces of porcelain
It was from the main production area of Longquan at that time
Sail to Japan
Unfortunately buried in the waters of South Korea
Of course these Longquan porcelain
They are all custom made to Japanese temples
Part of the shipwreck is Longquan and Goryeo celadon porcelain
Longquan kiln is an important kiln for the production of blue glaze ware in southern China during the Song and Yuan dynasties, and is the second celadon firing center in southern China after the Yue kiln, which has a considerable scale in the Northern Song Dynasty, and has been further developed in the Southern Song Dynasty, and its firing of pink and plum celadon porcelain, exquisite in shape, thick glaze, like jasper, extremely valuable. Zhao Yanwei of the Song Dynasty said in the "Yunlu Manhua": "The celadon celadon is all clouded from The King of Li, the secret color, and also known as the King of Rao." The dragon spring in this place is pink and blue, and the more is the color of ai. The Yuan Dynasty scholar Tao Songyi in the "Record of Cultivation" volume 29 Zhongyun "in Longquan County, Prefecture, Zhenghejian and Jingshi self-placed kiln firing, known as guan kiln." At the same time, Longquan kiln is also a famous brand in the history of export, from the Song to the Ming Dynasty for hundreds of years, the products sold well in Many countries and regions in Asia, Africa, Europe, far-reaching influence, prominent status.
Ming Longquan kiln double fish pattern folding plate
This wash fold along the shallow abdomen, the lower bearing circle foot, because the tire soil rarely contains more iron oxide, in the kiln process is fully reduced, so there is a clear flint red at the foot end, the inner foot heart prints a pair of mandarin fish pattern, the outer wall is printed with a week of chrysanthemum petal pattern, mandarin fish harmonic "gui", chrysanthemum harmonic sound "Ji", this is the Golden Yuan period is very popular Ji language ornament, the whole body is applied blue glaze, the glaze color is lighter, the texture is lustrous and clear, and the porcelain is also quite popular at that time with the stacking technique, and this kind of blue glaze washing is a study room utensil, which has been very popular in the Northern Song Dynasty. Similars are collected at the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco, the Asian Civilisations Museum in Singapore, and the British Museum.
Left: Pisces Disc Collection of the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco, USA
Right: Longquan kiln Pisces washed by the British Museum collection
Right: Pisces Disc Museum of Asian Civilisations, Singapore
Ming Longquan kiln green glaze plate along the single handle wash
This piece is a single-stemmed wash with a round mouth deep abdomen, a lower ring foot, a ring ear on one side of the mouth, and a half-moon plate edge on the ear. Full of glaze, there are fine openings on the glaze, the glaze color is dark gray, the appearance is relatively close to the glaze ware, this kind of single-handle washing appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty, the Inner Mongolia Museum and the Yingkou City Museum collect gold and silver ware, and at the same time, the Ding, Jun, Longquan kilns are also produced, currently in the Palace Museum has a collection, and there is a Longquan kiln blue glaze ware seen at the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco, which can be referenced.
Jun kiln veneer wash The Collection of the Palace Museum
Left: Dingyao veneer washing Collection of the Palace Museum
Right: Longquan Kiln Collection of the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco, USA
Left: Flower veneer washed Inner Mongolia Museum collection
Right: The silver ear marigold was excavated from the collection of the Yingkou City Museum in Honghuayu, Gaizhou City, Liaoning Province
Bright blue glazed bottle
This piece of the bottle round mouth square body, straight abdomen circle foot, mouth and foot size similar. There is a week of flint red at the end of the foot, the four sides of the body are decorated with Bagua patterns, full of green glaze, the glaze is smooth, the glaze is clear, this object imitates the jade and made, and the reg appeared in the Neolithic period. Its vessel is round inside and square outside, to resemble a celestial circle. Zhou Li Yun: "Take jade as six instruments, and treat the heavens and the earth in all directions." With Cang Bi to pay tribute to the heavens, with Huang Zhen to pay tribute to the land, with Qing Gui to the east, with chi zhang to the south, with the white amber to the west, with Xuan Huang to the north. "At first, there were Northern Song Dynasty official kilns, the Song room flaunted the virtue of frugality, the British Museum had a collection of similar utensils, and then the Longquan kiln was also imitated, which was a very high-end indoor decoration utensil at that time. This kind of bottle is also known as "yarrow bottle", and can also be arranged with flowers. In the late Ming Dynasty scholar Gao Lian's "Eight Notes on Zunsheng – Yan Xianqing Appreciation Notes", Yun: "Flowers arranged in the hall... Longquan yarrow large square bottle ,...... Or put a few on it, suitable for the church. "Similar artifacts have been excavated in the Southern Song Dynasty cellars of Suining, Sichuan, and are collected in the Suining Museum, and there is also a collection of similar artifacts in the British Museum, which can be read for reference.
Left: Longquan kiln-style bottle From the Collection of the British Museum
Right: Song Dynasty official kiln-style bottle Collected by the British Museum
Bright pink glazed alcohol bottle
This bottle has a long neck, a hanging abdomen, a more rigorous foot trimming, and a skim outside the foot wall. Powder blue glaze throughout, no glaze at the foot end, slightly flint red in the brown and yellow, light and no texture of the body, uniform glaze, smooth and clean, Song Dynasty literati doctor advocates the beauty of nature, likes the simple art style, so the decoration of porcelain more emphasis on the beauty of the plain surface, and the Longquan kiln product color is verdant and uniform, the glaze gloss is soft, making the utensils more dignified and elegant, so it is widely produced and used, and similar instruments are collected at the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, the Ashmolean Museum of Oxford University in the United Kingdom and the Japanese Oriental Art Museum.
Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford, UK
Left: Collection of the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco
Right: Collection of the Toyo Museum of Art
Yuan pink blue glaze exposed tire three multi-grained diamond mouth plate
This disc is a diamond flower-shaped mouth, folded along the shallow abdomen, the lower bearing circle foot, the foot wall is slightly introverted, the whole body is applied with blue glaze, the green glaze is thick, the color is pink, and the inner part of the plate is decorated with a heap of exposed tire techniques, which are pomegranates, melons and other patterns, symbolizing the endless future generations, which is also the traditional Chinese auspicious ornament, the Longquan kiln celadon tire quality is fine and white, but the iron content is high, such as under the oxidation atmosphere, it often leads to the iron elements in the tire are fully reduced, the instrument table is often brown and red, and the Longquan kiln craftsmen skillfully use this feature to highlight the theme ornamentation with this color difference. This technique was most popular during the Song and Yuan dynasties, and this object is a vessel for daily offerings. There are such collections in cultural institutions such as the Great Weide Foundation and the British Museum, and only the ornamental themes are slightly different, which can be referred to here.
Longquan kiln exposed fetal dragon pattern plate Da Wei De Foundation collection
Left: The British Museum holds four fish plates
Right: The British Museum holds the Allosaurus plate
Bright pink glaze three-legged stove
This piece of blue glazed incense burner mouth is slightly skimmed, the neck is folded, the shoulders have symmetrical ears, a flat round abdomen, three feet around the bottom, a micro-skimming of the foot, and a ridge is raised from the abdomen on three sides to the back of the foot, slightly exposing the white marks, commonly known as "tendons". The whole body shi green glaze, glaze color Qingying, warm texture, the shape of this kind of furnace imitates the Shang Zhou bronze, belongs to the small instrument large sample, song Dynasty Longquan kiln is mostly Ding-style, 奁 type, Gui-style, etc., this style is absolutely rare, only in the Suining Southern Song Dynasty cellar in Sichuan Province, there is a Hutian kiln green and white glaze, currently stored in the Suining City Museum, can be compared.
Eight-sided Ding-style furnace Collection of Suining Museum in Sichuan
Longquan celadon began about the Song Dynasty, and continued from the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty basically died out.
The peak of Longquan kiln firing was in the Song Dynasty. The Yaozhou porcelain, Dingyao kiln and Yue kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty were all superior to the Southern Song Dynasty. However, the Longquan kiln is a special case, and the firing during the Southern Song Dynasty is much better than that of the Northern Song Dynasty. The political center of ancient times must also be the economic center, generally radiating from the political center, which is different from modern times. After the Jin invaded the south, they forced the Song dynasty to move south and favor Hangzhou. During the Southern Song Dynasty, longquan kilns sprung up and quickly reached the peak of quality.
Southern Song Dynasty Longquan kiln celadon quinquel bottle
The advantages of longquan kiln are reflected in the glaze color, shape and tire soil.
Celadon to glaze color as the most important means of expression, the Southern Song Dynasty in the color of the effort, the pursuit of the most beautiful color, so there are pink, plum green and other cyan, the gap between the color scale is very subtle.
Southern Song Dynasty Longquan kiln blue glaze engraved hualien petal pattern porcelain lid cup
Trade throughout the Song Dynasty was well done, domestic trade was very prosperous, and overseas trade was also developed.
At that time, the main porcelain shipped overseas was two kilns, one was the Hutian kiln in Jingdezhen, and the other was the Longquan kiln.
Longquan celadon was at its peak in the Song Dynasty and was still particularly brilliant during the Yuan and Ming dynasties.
The commodities of Longquan Kiln have been influenced by many social and cultural and other factors in the process of evolution.
Southern Song Dynasty Longquan kiln celadon phoenix ear bottle Taipei National Palace Collection
A lot of books about Longquan kiln,
The bottle is printed on the cover.
Let's look at the local details:
Longquan kiln in today's Zhejiang Province, the main firing of celadon porcelain, the Northern Song Dynasty began to be popular, and the north of the Ru kiln and other famous kilns, north and south echo, complement each other.
At this time, the Longquan kiln is consistent with the pursuit of the five famous kilns in the north:
Pure, plain;
Introverted and reserved.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, this was still the case.
Southern Song Dynasty Longquan kiln blue glazed flower pattern three-legged porcelain stove
In the Yuan Dynasty, the wind and clouds suddenly changed, and Jingdezhen, another kiln site in the south, slowly grew larger and gradually unified the country.
With the birth of Yuan Qinghua, the status of celadon became more and more awkward.
Add to that the international environment at the time:
The national style of the Yuan Dynasty was open and accessible to all seas, and its porcelain art taste had long been different from the simple style of the Song Dynasty, and gradually enriched the Ornamentation.
In order to survive, kiln farms outside Jingdezhen have had to transform production lines and seek differentiated brand strategies.
Yuan Longquan celadon folded branches flower and fruit pattern six-edged plum bottle
Yuan longquan kiln paste floral pattern
The upgrading of Longquan kiln is simply:
The ornamentation moves from light element to relief effect.
In terms of specific technology, engraving, stenciling, piling and occasionally astringent tire relief black technology are used.
As a result, the overall aesthetic style of the Longquan kiln of the Yuan Dynasty became lively and vivid from introverted.
Yuan Longquan kiln green glaze Xianyuan four art figure lion button lid jar estimate: 7 million - 9 million Hong Kong Sotheby's October 2017
The same as the Longquan kiln manufacturing, the song, yuan different period of the style is really very different, the latter is even a little overcorrected, with exaggeration to describe it is also possible -
Yuan Longquan kiln green glaze Xianyuan four art figure lion button lid jar, partial
During the Yuan Dynasty, the "pompous" Longquan kiln was very popular with the market and the reform was successful.
However, hundreds of years later, this relief effect of the Longquan kiln jar, but unfortunately flowed...
One of the reasons, perhaps busy modern people, need something quieter.
There's more to the stream:
Southern Song Dynasty Longquan Blue Glaze Printing Pisces Folding Plate Estimate: HK$30,000-40,000 Hong Kong Sotheby's Autumn Auction 2017
Yuan Longquan green glaze paste dragon pattern large market estimate: 300,000-500,000 Hong Kong Sotheby's Autumn Auction 2017
Yuan-early Ming Dynasty Longquan kiln green glaze paste double fish folding plate estimate: HK$180,000-250,000 Hong Kong Sotheby's Autumn Auction 2017
The heartache of the streaming...
The sky-high price transactions and streaming auctions in the auction market actually have a large degree of accidentality, and they do not have to be too real, nor do they necessarily indicate a certain trend.
Most of the Longquan kiln utensils of the Yuan Dynasty that have been handed down to today are small reliefs of this type, which are understated and spontaneous and cute.
In fact, there have been countless fans -
Yuan Longquan kiln green glaze sticker peony pattern small lid box transaction price: HK$125,000 Sotheby's Hong Kong June 2017
Yuan Longquan kiln green glaze paste Double Fish Pattern Plate Transaction Price: HK$137,500 Sotheby's Hong Kong June 2017
The following is the Yuan Dynasty Longquan kiln porcelain collected by the British Museum,
We have specially selected the decal utensils with embossed effects,
Open your eyes ——)
Meta blue glaze plate
This disc round lip, folded edge, applied green glaze, disc heart decoration four with two different colors of tire soil, made of decal fish pattern;
The edge of the disc is also decorated with two colors of tire soil, decorated with eight appliqué shells.
Blue glazed bird-dwelling peach twig plate
This disc has a diamond-shaped mouth and is decorated with three exposed appliqué peach branches at the center of the plate, and the ornamentation is rare.
The peach is a symbol of longevity in chinese tradition.
Blue glazed moon plum pattern plate
This disc is in the shape of a five-flower mouth, decorated with plum branches and crescent moon motifs.
The center of the plate is decorated with a glaze of appliquéd rock plum branches and moon patterns, which are burned with placenta and decorated with white, brown and black asphalt.
The dish may be burned and then fired, or overburned in a kiln, resulting in a large number of open pieces of glaze.
This type of ornamentation is very rare.
Blue glazed four-fish pattern plate
The potters of the Longquan kiln in the Yuan Dynasty adopted a new decorative technique, pasting the plain tire pattern decoration on the glaze, and the orange-red color of the exposed tire was burned, which contrasted with the blue glaze glaze color, that is, the exposed tire appliqué.
The specific process is:
First of all, the utensils are decorated with some carved ornaments, such as floral patterns, and then the whole vessel is glazed, but there is a ring of unglazed at the bottom to facilitate the support of the kiln.
Secondly, the mud is rolled into a cake-shaped flake, and then a specific shape is pressed with a mold to make a small decal decoration and attached to the body.
The four fish-shaped decorations on this plate are made for this plastic decoration technique.
Blue glazed eight immortals floral pattern eight-sided bottle
The vessel is divided into eight edges, and the potters decorate each side with three printed convex carvings to open the light, while the open light in the middle position is applied with wax or grease before glazing to ensure that it is burned, creating a contrasting color effect.
Where the light is boiled, four of them are repeatedly decorated with two of the eight immortals, surrounded by auspicious clouds, and the interval is lit by a floral pattern.
The Eight Immortals are a collection of male and female figures in myths and historical legends, each dressed in different costumes and holding different treasures.
For example, Zhong Liquan tied a bun and held a fan, while Li Tie had a strange face, crutches, and held a gourd.
(The picture and text are from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original author)