Longquan kiln is a famous kiln in Chinese history, created in the Three Kingdoms and Two Jin Dynasties, rising in the five generations, extremely prosperous in the Southern Song Dynasty, ending in the Qing Dynasty, with a production history of more than 1600 years, it is a kiln system with the longest duration in the history of Chinese porcelain making, and its products sell well in many countries and regions in Asia, Africa and Europe, and its influence is very far-reaching.
Kiln looking for a thousand years
The kiln looks forward to a thousand years
The products of the Longquan kiln field in the early Days of the Fifth Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty have a strong style of Yue kiln, Wuzhou kiln and Ou kiln. The glaze color is mostly light cyan, so it is called "light blue glaze porcelain".
In the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty or later, the celadon glaze of longquan kiln was blue and green, often called "emerald glaze porcelain".
Northern Song Dynasty Longquan kiln celadon lotus petal pattern five-pipe cap bottle
Collection of Longquan Celadon Museum
During the Southern Song Dynasty, the economy of the South developed rapidly, and the Southern Song Government encouraged foreign trade. At this time, the Longquan kiln porcelain technology inherits the kiln process, integrates the Ru kiln style, and admires the elegance of the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln, which can be described as the elite of the four squares, and the collection is perfect.
Southern Song Dynasty Longquan kiln celadon lotus petal pattern mouth bowl
Collection of Zhejiang Provincial Museum
Southern Song Dynasty Longquan kiln celadon string pattern three-legged furnace
Collection of the Palace Museum
Due to the different backgrounds of the rulers in the Yuan Dynasty, they did not like the delicacy of celadon porcelain, but it was also a display of identity in the court and the nobility.
In the early Yuan Dynasty, celadon was still expanding and developing, but in the later period, because of the struggle between classes and nationalities, it indirectly affected the development of celadon porcelain.
Yuanlongquan kiln celadon jade pot spring bottle
Collection of Taishun County Museum
In the early Ming Dynasty, Longquan kiln experienced its last glory. During the Hongwu period, the Longquan kiln began to burn porcelain for the court. During the period from Ming Yongle to Xuande, Zheng He went to the West and overseas trade promoted the production of celadon porcelain. After that, blue and white porcelain rose, and then with the decline of China's maritime industry, the road of maritime trade became the road of invasion by Western colonists.
Ming Yongle Longquan green glazed grape pattern plate
The Ming Dynasty imposed a sea ban at that time, which led to a sharp decline in sales of celadon porcelain. Longquan kilns have closed down, all of them have been burned folk common celadon, under such circumstances, the shape and firing of celadon are not as exquisite as before. At a certain time in the Qing Dynasty, the Longquan Guan kiln in The Great Ming Dynasty, a miracle that had been forgotten and obliterated by history for a long time, was finally swept away by various coincidences of chance and reappeared in the sky.
In the early days of the founding of New China, everything was in ruins.
In 1957, Premier Zhou Enlai clearly pointed out at the national meeting of light industry directors that "to restore the historical kilns of the motherland, we must first restore the production of Longquan kilns and Ru kiln celadon production." The call of the times ignited the immortal kiln fire, and longquan celadon once again found its coordinates on the timeline of history.
National treasure
National Treasure
In the nearly thousand-year history of Longquan kiln toughness, development, prosperity and even decline, from the inheritance of technology, the formation of styles and the flow of products are inextricably linked to the imperial courts.
Since the Song Dynasty entered the royal field of vision, Longquan kiln has been one of the most important suppliers of porcelain for court and national ceremonial ceremonies. The unique Longquan kiln celadon products have become the concentrated embodiment of China's porcelain-making technological achievements and the aesthetic concept of the Song Dynasty.
Southern Song Dynasty Longquan kiln celadon through the ear string pattern bottle
In the Yuan Dynasty, the Longquan kiln was more closely related to the court and the official government. Archaeological excavations in YuanDadu, Kara and Lin and Alimari show that Longquan celadon was used in large quantities from the imperial capital to the Khan's court.
According to the "History of the Yuan", in the early years of the reign, the imperial court had ordered the firing of porcelain in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.
Yuanlongquan kiln celadon with lid to hold the pot
Yuanlongquan kiln celadon gourd bottle
Collection of Qingtian County Cultural Relics Management Committee
The Ming Dynasty was the most closely related period in the production history of Longquan kilns to the court, and among the Longquan celadons in the old collection of the Palace Museum, the number of Ming Dynasty was the largest, which became an important source of porcelain for the imperial palace.
According to the "Great Ming Huidian", from the twenty-sixth year of Hongwu (1393), the Longquan kiln began to undertake the task of firing royal porcelain, and until the eighth year of Tianshun (1464), eunuchs were sent to Longquan County to supervise the firing affairs. It was not until the Chenghua period that the firing of porcelain for the court ceased.
Ming Longquan kiln green glaze convex carving tangled lotus pattern bottle
Ming longquan kiln celadon bamboo peach pattern with lid plum bottle
The Dragon
Dragons travel the world
In China's foreign trade, Longquan celadon plays an indispensable role. Since the Song and Yuan dynasties, overseas trade has become an important state affair, and Longquan is the source of the three rivers of the Oujiang, Minjiang and Qiantang rivers, with dense streams and wide access. Longquan kiln celadon was continuously transported to the rest of the world through ningbo, Wenzhou, Quanzhou and other ports through the maritime Silk Road, and spread from the overland Silk Road to Eurasia.
Yuan Longquan kiln blue glaze convex engraving of the opening light flower bird figure hexagonal jar
Unearthed in Kenya
Yuan Longquan kiln green glaze carved lotus pattern folding plate
Purana Qila Royal Palace unearthed
Japan, the Korean Peninsula and China belong to the same Confucian cultural circle, and the living customs and cultural aesthetics of the near same life have made it the largest consumer market for Longquan celadon porcelain.
Yuanlongquan kiln celadon horseshoe-shaped ear cups
In the historical materials of Sino-foreign exchanges in the Yuan and Ming dynasties, such as "Island Yi Zhiluo", "Xingcha Shenglan", "Western Fanguo Zhi", "Yingya Shengguan", "Ming History" and so on, there are records of Chinese porcelain being sold to West Asia and South Asia.
In addition, a surprising number of Longquan kiln celadons have been found in Europe, Africa and other regions.
Yuan Longquan celadon lotus leaf jar
South Korea's Sinan shipwreck came out of the water
It is worth mentioning that this exhibition will exhibit an important cultural property of the Tokyo National Museum in Japan- the Horse Locust. The Horse Locust Is a Celadon Tea Bowl given to Hirashige by the Zen Master of The Buddha. When Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa obtained it, there was a punching line in the lower abdomen of the tea bowl. So he commissioned an emissary to China, carrying a tea bowl as a reference, hoping to find another equally exquisite tea bowl. However, at that time, the Style of Longquan Celadon in the Ming Dynasty changed greatly, and it could not be made, so it had no choice but to ask the porcelain baking craftsmen to add six baking nails on both sides of the punch line to reinforce it, and send it back to Japan again.
Southern Song Dynasty Longquan kiln celadon "horse locust tripping" bowl
Collection of the Tokyo National Museum, Japan
Concord Quartet
Concord Quartet
The globalization of Longquan kiln has brought them a strong impact on advanced porcelain-making technology, and the aesthetic consciousness is greatly weakened, and it does not have much cultural commonality.
From the mid-12th century to the mid-15th century, the popularity and fashion effect of Longquan celadon in the world are unparalleled in the history of cultural exchanges between the East and the West.
In the eyes of these countries, even if they can imitate the Longquan kiln that is very similar, in contrast, the exotic style of blue and white, intricate colored porcelain, is more in line with their aesthetics.
Iranian imitation dragon spring kiln plate
Egyptian imitation dragon spring kiln plate
Early to mid-14th century
Collection of the British Museum
There are so many imitations of Longquan kilns, only the Japanese imitation is the most in place and most similar, and even reaches the point of false and real, and the imitation is the most Song Yun.
Take a look at the graphic below
Japanese Nabeshima Fan kiln imitation Longquan kiln celadon plate
Edo period in Japan
Japanese imitation Longquan kiln peony pattern bottle
Japan Taisho 1 year
Japanese Miyagawa Kayama system
Japanese imitation Dragon Spring kiln phoenix ear bottle
Japan Taisho 3rd Year
Suwa Suzan system in Japan
Edo period celadon incense burner in Japan
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