In the blink of an eye, the festive atmosphere of the 2022 Lunar New Year has come to an end, and all walks of life have ushered in the "start tide". For the vast number of farmers who are struggling to make a living, what choices should be made in the new year of 2022? Do you continue to "follow the current" to the city to work, or do you stay in the countryside to farm? Do you actively participate in the aquaculture industry, or do you choose other small entrepreneurial projects? Presumably, this is a selective problem faced by some farmers at present, and then Xiaobian will express his personal views for your reference.
Work
As it stands, migrant workers are the first choice for most young and middle-aged workers in rural areas. According to the data, by the end of 2021, the total number of migrant workers on the mainland has exceeded 292 million, and the per capita monthly salary of migrant workers in 2021 will be 4432 yuan, an increase of 8.8% compared with 2020. According to this data, the average annual income of farmers working outside the home is 51,000, and after excluding various expenses such as living, pension, education, medical treatment, etc., the annual net income is 20,000 to 30,000. Although the amount is not high, there is a balance every year.
Pros and cons of part-time work:
The advantages of choosing to go out to work: (1) to sell coolies or skills to earn income, do not need capital investment; (2) the average monthly income of migrant workers in 2022 is bound to rise again, the overall income is predictable and stable; (3) you can jump ship to find another high, free flow.
The disadvantages of choosing to go out to work are: (1) the phenomenon of wage arrears is frequent, especially the wages of construction workers are not paid monthly; (2) the contractors are mostly verbal promises, and farmers have not signed labor contracts with them; (3) labor intensity, long working hours, and high risks.
Farming
Farming is the old business of farmers and a basic industry to ensure agricultural production and food security. From the perspective of farmers' own livelihood, planting land is the "next policy", especially only planting one acre and three points of their own land, it is basically difficult to rely on agricultural income to maintain normal expenditure. Taking the planting of wheat and corn in two seasons a year as an example, the yield income of wheat is 1000 jin per mu, and the net income is 500 to 600 yuan / mu; the yield of corn mu is 1200 jin, according to the market price of 1.3 to 1.4 yuan / kg, the net income is 600 ~ 700 yuan.
In order to rely on farming to maintain family livelihood or make money by selling grain, at present, the most common way is to become a large grain grower through the transfer of land, and the large-scale and mechanized production mode can make money. For a simple example, suppose that the rent of the transferred land is 600 yuan / year, and the total rent of 100 mu of land is 60,000 yuan / year; to apply the planting mode of wheat and corn in two seasons, the net income per mu of land is 1100 to 1300 yuan, and 100 mu of land is 110,000 to 130,000 yuan. Then subtract 60,000 yuan of rent and labor costs, then the annual income of large-scale planting of food crops is 40,000 to 60,000 / year, which is not more than going out to work.
Pros and cons of farming:
The advantages of staying in the countryside to cultivate land: (1) taking care of the family while being responsible for agricultural production; (2) no longer having to endure the torment of separation from relatives, which helps to maintain feelings; (3) if it is a large-scale planting of cash crops, in a good year, a net profit of hundreds of thousands of yuan a year.
The disadvantages of staying in the countryside to cultivate land: (1) the rise in grain prices is limited, the cost of agricultural materials and labor is rising, and the profit margin is compressed; (2) the rent of land circulation is rising, which increases the cost of capital investment without reason; (3) the discount of agricultural machinery is high, the depreciation is fast, and the purchase of new agricultural machinery is another expense.
cultivation
In fact, in addition to part-time work and farming, farmers have almost no extra choices, and farming is one of them. Compared with part-time work and farming, the risk of farming is higher. As the old saying goes, "the family has ten thousand, the hairy does not count", in the process of breeding, once the livestock has a plague and other infectious diseases, overnight farmers may have to lose hundreds of thousands of dollars. Taking pig farming as an example, from the perspective of farmers, in addition to the prevention of swine fever, the market trend of pig prices is also related to the final income of farmers.
Advantages and disadvantages of farming:
The advantages of engaging in aquaculture: (1) working for themselves, the level of aquaculture profits is all net by themselves; (2) similar to part-time work, there is no need to leave the hometown all year round, and there is no need to live separately from relatives; (3) in good years, even small farmers can earn three or four hundred thousand a year.
The disadvantages of engaging in aquaculture: (1) the investment cost of aquaculture is large, and those without breeding experience are easy to lose money; (2) the cycle of capital return is long, and once involved in the aquaculture industry, it is necessary to make long-term breeding plans; (3) the price of environmental protection sewage equipment is high, and the environmental protection policy requirements are strict.
In summary, it can be seen that whether the management is going out to work, staying in the countryside to cultivate land, or engaging in aquaculture, there are both advantages and disadvantages, specific to how each person should choose, and ultimately it is necessary to combine their own actual situation. However, the editor's personal opinion is not to change careers easily, that is, those who were originally bent on planting will continue to cultivate the land; those who originally went out to work will continue to work. After all, at present, the state has policy support for agricultural development and farmers' employment abroad. For those who lose money in the aquaculture industry in 2021, they must choose carefully, and the market for aquaculture in 2022 does not seem to be optimistic. Finally, I would like to ask you, do you agree with the views described in the article? What is your opinion on the way out for farmers?