On February 6, the 8th issue of Zhejiang Satellite TV's "Ten Thousand Miles of Single Riding - China in heritage 2" was launched. Led by Shan Jixiang, president of the Chinese Cultural Relics Society and director of the Academic Committee of the Palace Museum, the "Wanli Youth Group" walked into Sanxingdui and listened to the secrets of the ancient Shu civilization under the solemn sacred tree; in the archaeological excavation experience of the Sanxingdui site, feel the hard-won miracle of Sanxingdui.
The Sanxingdui site is located on the south bank of the Yazi River in the northwest of Guanghan City, Sichuan Province, with a distribution area of 12 square kilometers. According to legend, the ancient Shu kingdom centered on the Chengdu Plain, which arose from the upper reaches of the Min River, started from the primitive clan tribes, experienced dynasties such as silkworm bushes, cypress irrigation, yukai, Du Yu and Enlightened Ming, and became Shu people after long-term development and integration, but its written records are like a drop in the ocean. The ancient Shu kingdom was mysterious and strange, and the terrain was dangerous, so there was a sigh from the great poet Li Bai - "Silkworm bushes and fish, the founding of the country He Dazed, Erlai is forty-eight thousand years old, not with Qin Saitong. ”
Under the witness of these brilliant cultural relics, what kind of ancient Shu history exists? The first task of the members of the Wanli Youth League after arriving at the Sanxingdui site was to "open the blind box".
Zhou Yun's blind box is the copper longitudinal mask best known to modern people, some people call it "clairvoyance, downwind ear"; the old single blind box is accompanied by the question "Sanxingdui is 35 years away from the last excavation, why didn't it continue in the first place?" At the same time, attach a photo of the kneeling portrait of the top dignitary. The theme of the blind box chosen by Xiao Yang was "Sanxingdui has the most advanced bronze technology at that time", and inside the blind box was an "Angry Bird" made of bronze; niu Junfeng opened the blind box with a picture of a familiar and unfamiliar Yuzhang.
Sanxingdui's bronze figures come in two forms, one with a gold mask for the hair and one without a mask to comb the hair in a braid. Perhaps, the former is a ruling class with a sorcerer's meaning and theocracy, while the latter represents a secular ruling class. But by the sands period, the figures of the hairpins no longer appeared, and it was likely that the hairpinrs had been excluded from the ruling class.
The Sanxingdui Golden Wand is one of the six precious cultural relics that have been banned from going abroad among the cultural relics excavated at the Sanxingdui site. There is a special pattern on the golden staff - the bird holds an arrow through the belly of the fish, and the fisherman laughs and laughs, showing the scene of people fishing by the river.
Sanxingdui's famous bronze god tree, with a height of 396 cm and a trunk height of 359 cm. It shows the ancient Shu people's view of nature and cosmology. In their imagination, birds are interconnected with the sun, and the ten birds on the sacred tree represent the ten suns. The sun and the trees on the ground form a set of correspondence, showing the ancient Shu people's yearning for the rebirth of all things. However, this tall tree broke into hundreds of pieces when it was unearthed. How did it become what it is today?
In order to solve this question, everyone came to the Sanxingdui Cultural Relics Protection and Restoration Museum. Here, they saw the kneeling figure that Lao Shan saw in the blind box. This is one of the latest achievements of the Sanxingdui site. Now, with the help of some equipment, people can better protect and restore these excavated artifacts. In 1986, the restoration of the sacred tree was a serious challenge for the archaeological team at that time. The excavation of cultural relics is only the beginning, and inventory and restoration are the top priorities. The artifacts in the sacrificial pit have been artificially smashed, smashed, burned before burial, and finally filled in the soil to consolidate. The deformation, distortion and damage of the artifacts are quite severe. The largest sacred tree was even more tragic when it was unearthed, and the birds, fruits, and hanging ornaments on the sacred tree were scattered in the pit. After 8 years, experts finally completed the restoration of one of the largest sacred trees. After the official opening of the Sanxingdui Museum in 1997, it surprised the world with extraordinary arrogance.
Many people may think that the special-looking bronze and jade in Sanxingdui were naturally produced in the dangerous and isolated environment of Shudi, but existing studies have shown that in the ancient Shu period, people had already introduced the culture of the Central Plains. For example, Yuzhang is not a product of Sanxingdui's "homegrown growth". And this also proves that even if "shu road is difficult, it is difficult to go to the sky", whether it was a thousand years ago or now, people will still cross many obstacles and travel between mountains and plains in order to maintain their livelihood. And that's what makes human life worth admiring.
The gold ornaments of the Sun God Bird excavated from the Jinsha site, which is in line with Sanxingdui, were identified as a symbol of Chinese cultural heritage in 2005. In December 2021, the Sanxingdui site and the Jinsha site announced that they will jointly declare a world cultural heritage, and the combination of the resources of both sides will definitely bring the best results.
Chengdu Daily Jinguan News Reporter Duan Zhen Screenshot of the program Editor Wang Jian Proofreading Song Hexiao