"If I had to choose again, I wouldn't drive the tram home, it's too much trouble." Feige, who runs an online car in Guangzhou, avoided the peak in advance on January 25 this year to drive an electric car back to his hometown in Xianning, Hubei Province, but the travel experience along the way still made him feel that he did not enjoy driving a tram for a long distance now. "In particular, some high-speed service areas do not have charging piles, and if you want to charge at high speed, you will waste twenty or thirty kilometers back and forth." High-speed vehicle speed does not dare to drive too fast, because once it is opened fast, the power consumption will increase at a double speed. This year's Spring Festival, there are "brave" car owners tried a longer distance "electric vehicle challenge", Douyin blogger "Xiaopeng P7 car daily" began to share his experience during the Spring Festival online on January 21: 36 hours, driving more than 1975 kilometers, charging n times, and finally drove back from Guangzhou to his hometown of Baoji, Shaanxi. "Eat a trench and grow a wisdom". At the same time, in order to avoid the increase in vehicle congestion during the return journey, resulting in inconvenient charging and insufficient endurance during driving, the owners of Feige and Douyin Xiaopeng P7 once again chose "staggered peak travel".
This year's Spring Festival holiday, in the face of low temperature weather, the travel and charging anxiety of the "tram" has once again become the focus.
【Car owner's homecoming experience】
Driving the tram to the cold north? Please think twice
Can you believe it? When a Owner of a Weilai electric car ended the Spring Festival holiday, because of the inconvenience of charging and the fear of traffic jams, he simply chose to find a truck to "check" the car from his hometown, and he took the family to take the plane to solve the problem. This is one of the embarrassing things for some electric vehicle owners during this year's Spring Festival.
In the "Daily Use of The Car of Xiaopeng P7", the initial return to the hometown of 1975 kilometers is considered to be "thrilling". According to the owner of the car began to encounter a variety of "conditions": in a hotel, found that the charging pile has a fault problem, charged for 10 minutes can only continue on the road, the "sequelae" of the charging pile failure soon appeared, "when there are 44 kilometers away from the next charging pile, the endurance of the car is only 54 kilometers." The owner said, "When the battery is marked red, there are still 4 kilometers to reach the charging station." In the cold rain, the owner did not dare to turn on the heating and de-fog functions, and could only open the window and blow the cold wind, and stayed up at the charging station at a speed of 10 kilometers per hour.
Electric vehicles are being charged
Although Feige's experience is not as bumpy as the above-mentioned car owners, Feige, who feels very comfortable in opening a tram "running single" in this flower city in Guangzhou, personally feels the impact of low temperature on trams. "The whole journey is more than 940 kilometers, and it has been charged 3 times on the road. From Guangzhou to Hubei, it feels like the cooling of the road has a significant impact on the tram. Feige said that after running 330 kilometers for the first time, the charging pile was successfully found when the endurance was 90 kilometers, and the battery life was about '20%'; when the third charge was almost home, the full charge only ran 250 kilometers, showing that the remaining 60 kilometers were endurance. At that time, the outdoor temperature was only 3 degrees, and the battery life was '56% off'. ”
At the end of the interview, Fei Ge, who had the courage to drive a long-distance tram back to his hometown for the New Year, said sincerely as a 'person who came over': "More than 10 hours of one-way experience feel a lot of inconvenience. Driving a long tram, especially from the south to the low temperature of the north, is still a matter of consideration. "Stuck in traffic for hours to hold urine, queued up for half an hour to enter the service area, and had to queue up to charge." This encounter is too inconvenient. "A BYD car owner lamented to reporters that he saw the charging pile in the service area on the Spring Festival Expressway to wait, and decisively went to the next gas pump to save a lot of time." Fortunately, DM-i can use oil. ”
Driving range and charging pressure in Guangdong Province are not large
The reporter noted that in the Spring Festival of 2022, South China ushered in the Spring Festival of rare low temperatures for many years, which is a test for new energy vehicle travel. Most of the drivers of new energy vehicles passing in the province told reporters that the low temperature has "not much impact" on pure electric vehicles. "It's like the charging time will be a little longer." A Denza pure electric vehicle driver told reporters, "It takes about an hour to fill normally, and it takes close to 1.5 hours in winter." The survey of the China Automobile Association also pointed out that when the temperature of the battery drops below 0 ° C, the usual 50-minute charging time will be extended to nearly 2 hours.
However, if it is only in the province, the anxiety of the owner will not be too obvious. On the first and sixth day of the Chinese New Year in Shenzhen and Yangjiang hometown, Xiao Tang told reporters that one-way about 300, before each departure, he was full of electricity, as little as possible to turn on the heating, "the electricity is basically enough to make." He said that when he returned to Yangjiang, there were fewer vehicles, and he ran home in one breath to recharge; when he returned to Shenzhen again, he encountered traffic jams, just in case he charged once at the high-speed service station in the middle of the way, "At that time, there were about eight or nine cars in line, 4 of which were fast charging piles, and there were also staff professional guidance, and the waiting time was not too long." Behind Xiao Tang's "calmness", it benefits from the relatively complete layout of highway charging piles in Guangdong Province and relatively complete services.
According to the relevant person in charge of the Highway Operation Management Department of the Provincial Department of Transportation in an interview with the media before the Spring Festival, in the middle of January this year, all 28 charging stations newly built by Guangdong Transportation Development Co., Ltd. were put into operation, and a total of 359 service area charging stations on the highways under the jurisdiction of the Provincial Transportation Group "guaranteed the endurance" of the majority of new energy vehicle users in the province. The newly built 28 charging stations are all equipped with 160 kilowatts of fast charging piles and a machine and two guns, and each station can serve 4 new energy vehicles at the same time. In the Section from Kaiyang to Yangmao of Shenhai Expressway, according to the large traffic flow, the charging pile configuration is also increased according to 4 piles per station. At the same time, 118 charging pile facilities were installed in the service area under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou Jiaotong Investment Group, which can provide charging services for new energy vehicles during the Spring Festival.
The situation of high-speed charging queues has also been taken into account by the management. Taking the Daguang Expressway as an example, they prepared the charging number plate and registration form in advance, arranged for the staff to be stationed at the charging pile during the peak period, issued the number plate according to the order of the charging vehicle first come and then came, registered the relevant information, and notified the number vehicle to charge after the charging vacancy appeared, and recovered the number plate. When the queued vehicle exceeds the expected peak warning line, the time-limited charging strategy is activated to avoid the charging vehicle from occupying the parking space for a long time, resulting in other vehicles queuing for too long. When the charging pile in the unilateral service area is saturated, The Daguang Expressway will take "tidal" charging measures and arrange special personnel to guide the charging vehicle to the charging pile in the service area to charge. After taking this initiative, the charging pile will be increased from 8 to 16 in the original one-way service area, fully meeting the charging needs of new energy vehicles.
【What exactly is the battery attenuation?】 】
Data: The maximum winter endurance of electric vehicles is 42.4%
As we all know, electric vehicles will still have obvious performance degradation, battery capacity attenuation, mileage shrinkage and other issues in the low temperature environment. So, what is the degree of decay? On the first and second days of the Chinese New Year this year, the minimum temperature in Guangzhou plummeted below 10 ° C, and many drivers obviously found the impact of low temperature battery life. Mr. Luo, the owner of the car, said, "The full-charge display has a battery life of 400km. After driving for ten minutes, the warm wind fell to 200km. A number of online ride-hailing drivers told reporters that the temperature of 10 ° C is a "watershed", especially in winter, the demand for heating is high, but "if the heating is turned on, the endurance will probably be reduced by 10% to 15%." ”
The attenuation of battery performance is closely related to the model. The reporter noted that before the start of this year's Spring Festival, China Automobile developed and deployed the winter endurance test results of several popular electric vehicles in the market for the reference of all riders, including Tesla Model 3, Weilai EC6, BYD Han EV, Xiaopeng P7, BMW iX3, Nezha U Pro and other popular models. According to the data, although the Tesla Model 3, which has the highest sales volume, has a cruising range of 520 km at room temperature (23 °C), it has a range of 328 km at low temperatures (minus 7 °C), with a decline rate of 36.9%. Among the joint venture vehicles, the BMW iX3's leading model has a cruising range of 546 km at room temperature and 346 km at low temperatures, with a decline rate of 36.6%. In addition, the endurance attenuation rate of more than 40% includes NIO EC6 Sport, Xiaopeng P7, Nezha U Pro 500 Moon Landing Edition and other models. The best performer was the BYD Han EV, with a cruising range of 629 km at room temperature and 435 km at low temperatures, with a drop rate of 30.9%.
Judging from the temperature difference and endurance attenuation results of the test, it is worth referring to the tram owners who returned home from Guangdong "north" for the New Year. Generally speaking, in the case of low temperatures, the tram endurance should be discounted by 67%.
Some popular electric vehicles have a low-temperature mileage reduction rate
Source: Winter battery life results of the first six electric vehicles released by the China Automotive Consumer Research and Testing Center on December 30, 2021
【Solution: Why pure trams "survive the winter safely"】
Car companies exert efforts to crack the winter "endurance shrinkage"
The problem of low-temperature battery attenuation of trams is also the direction of the industry's continuous discussion and technical research. The China Automobile Association pointed out that with the advancement of batteries, new energy vehicles will be afraid of the cold of minus 40 ° C in the future, and can maintain almost the same mileage as at room temperature.
In order to solve the problem of "shrinking endurance" in winter, new energy vehicle companies have "eight immortals crossing the sea and showing their magic". The reporter learned that for the two major factors of the winter endurance attenuation of electric vehicles (battery technology and in-car air conditioning), the industry currently generally responds in three ways, one is to improve the low temperature performance of the three-electric system, the other is to develop air conditioners with lower power consumption, and the third is to lay out a more extensive and dense charging network. Technically, Qiu Binheng, manager of the Weilai Center Guangzhou Zhujiang New Town store, told reporters that the current new pure electric vehicles basically have a more mature temperature control system, which can maintain the battery between 15 ° C and 25 ° C. Tesla also added a more accurate temperature control system to the BMS (electronic control system) this year, which increases the battery activity by heating the battery pack, thereby improving the cruising range. In addition, in terms of reducing the consumption of energy consumption by air conditioners, the new pure electric vehicle model has added a "heat pump management system" or "heat pump air conditioning", which can eliminate the need to waste battery electrical heating, reduce the waste of electricity for vehicles by about 15%, and then increase the winter mileage by 10%-15%. In addition, the addition of a brake energy recovery system can also increase the cruising range by 10%-15%.
The China Automobile Association said that although the current technology cannot be completely cured for the problem of winter endurance attenuation, through the optimization of body details, air conditioning energy consumption and three-electric system, it can increase the cruising range of the vehicle, which has become the most important research and development direction in the field of electric vehicles.
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100% coverage of highway charging facilities in Guangdong by 2025
The low-temperature long-distance driving embarrassment faced by electric vehicle owners is not so much endurance anxiety as "charging anxiety" - as long as charging is more convenient, battery life will become a "secondary problem".
The data shows that the current soundness of the charging network in Guangdong Province ranks among the top in the country. According to the relevant person in charge of the Highway Operation management office of the Provincial Department of Transportation, by the end of 2021, Guangdong has built 237 pairs of highway service areas, a total of 463, with a total of 1140 charging piles and 2280 charging parking spaces, which is 13 times that of the beginning of 2019. Moreover, these data are only the national standard charging piles, excluding the charging piles specially funded by Xiaopeng, Weilai, Tesla and other car companies to cooperate with the road section.
According to the Data of the China Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance, the region with the largest number of public charging infrastructure in mainland China last year was Guangdong Province, ranking first in the country. The "Guangdong Expressway Service Area Layout Plan" shows that Guangdong will achieve 100% coverage of charging facilities in Guangdong's operating expressway service area by 2025. At the same time, Guangzhou Bus Station Management Company has built and operated 27 charging stations, a total of 854 charging piles (guns), and plans to build 20 more charging piles (guns) in 2022, and more bus station charging piles will be open to social vehicles, benefiting the majority of new energy vehicle owners.
The owner encountered the basic "pile full pile" in the charging pile in the high-speed service area
It is important to plan routes in advance and search for charging facilities
"It turns out that choosing a high-speed route that is convenient for charging on the way home is very important and will save a lot of worry." Abo said this in the tone of a "man who came over." He is the owner of the Tesla Model Y, and on January 26, he set off from Guangzhou to return to his hometown in Henan, a total distance of 1400 kilometers. In terms of route selection, he did his homework carefully before leaving. Abo said that compared with the two routes of wushen expressway and Xuguang expressway, which have more charging piles on the state grid but have a great chance to queue, he chose the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao expressway that covers the most Tesla supercharging stations after comparing and querying through the car machine system. Abo also recommends: "At least 100 kilometers of battery life should be reserved before charging." On his way home from the Spring Festival, he took a wrong highway intersection, when the map showed that the nearest charging pile was only 3.5 kilometers, in fact he had to go around nearly 60 kilometers to reach.
When the route is chosen correctly and the charging is convenient, the advantages of the "tram" are revealed. Fei Ge calculated an account for the reporter, his charging price in the State Grid and other charging piles is basically 1.4 yuan / kWh, a total of 157 kWh of electricity, about the whole process only spent 235 yuan of electricity, equivalent to a kilometer of electricity costs of 0.25 yuan, "than refueling the province is too much!" ”
Industry insiders said that when new energy vehicle owners go out, they can check the current use of charging piles in all highway service areas through navigation platforms such as Yueyi Charging, Shunyi Charging, AutoNavi, Baidu and so on.
Car skills: drive the warm air to "step by step"
In addition to car companies and road managers to give strength, the daily car habits of car owners are also quite important. To solve the problem of low temperature endurance and charging, industry insiders have provided some suggestions for pure electric vehicles to "winter". The first is the warmth of the vehicle, and the choice of an underground parking lot with a higher temperature when parking can often increase the power by about 10%. In addition, many pure electric vehicles are currently equipped with a battery preheating system or "parking insulation" function, which insulation the battery is insulation by slow heating, thereby reducing losses. In cold weather, vehicles equipped with a preheating system, it is recommended to open it first.
There is basically no space for charging in the service area
For owners with private charging piles, they can energize the charging pile before charging, let the battery be in operation, heat up the battery in advance, and enhance lithium-ion activity, generally only 10 minutes, the charging power can be increased by 70%, greatly enhancing the charging efficiency in the low temperature environment. Many drivers driving in low temperature environments are very entangled in turning on the heating, in fact, if the warm air is skilled, it can also partially alleviate anxiety. Industry insiders pointed out: "After such owners get on the car, try not to turn on the heating very large, let the temperature slowly increase, adjust moderately, and reduce losses." "When using air conditioning to warm the air, it is recommended to keep the temperature state and turn on the internal circulation.
Text/Guangzhou Daily, New Flower City All-media reporters: Deng Li, Zhong Dawen
Photo/ Guangzhou Daily, Xinhuacheng All-media reporter: Deng Li
Guangzhou Daily New Flower City All-Media Editor: Mai Xiaoying