Tao Hongjing is the earliest discoverer of the "flame color reaction"

Tao Hongjing reacts with flame color

When burned, a variety of metals or their compounds can make the flame take on a special color, which is chemically called the "flame color reaction".

Who was the first to discover the "flame reaction"? In the history of chemistry written in the West, it is recorded that it was the German chemist Maglaf.

Maglaf (1709~1782) grew up with his father to study chemistry and pharmacy, and then graduated from Halle University, in 1758, Maglaf in an experiment, the two "alkali" (soda and pot ash alkali) powder were withdrawn on the alcohol lamp flame, he found that soda (sodium carbonate) dye the flame yellow, while pot ash alkali (potassium carbonate) stained the flame purple. However, the first discoverer of the "flame reaction" was not Magrav in Germany, but Tao Hongjing in China.

Tao Hongjing (456 ~ 536) character Tongming, the number of Huayang hermitage, known as Huayang Zhenren. A native of Danyang Moling (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu). During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, liang dynasty Taoist thinker and famous medical scientist. Read more than 10,000 volumes, before the weak crown is the king's attendant, Zeng Shiqi, worship the general of the Left Guard Temple. In the tenth year of Yongming (492), he resigned from the government and lived in seclusion at Juqu Mountain (that is, Maoshan Mountain, southeast of present-day Nanjing), and Emperor Wu of Liang could not be hired, and consulted every major matter of the imperial court, and was then called "The Prime Minister of the Mountain".

Tao Hongjing is knowledgeable, medical skilled, and rich in writings, such as the "Notes on the Collected Works of Materia Medica". The "Notes on the Collected Works of Materia Medica" has been scattered for a long time, and its fragments have been found in Dunhuang in modern times, of which Tao Hongjing wrote: "The treatment of stones is also similar to that of Pu Elimination, and the Immortal Classics often use this to digest the stones, and there is no true identification of this person today." "In ancient times, the so-called stone consumption was actually potassium nitrate (KNO3), and the plain stone was actually sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), because both were white crystals and were easily soluble in water, which was difficult to identify at that time. However, Tao Hongjing can clearly point out: "With the purple and green smoke of the fire, the cloud is the real stone." It can be seen that as far back as 1400 years ago, China's Tao Hongjing had discovered the "flame color reaction" and used it to identify the elimination of stones and the elimination of plains, which predates the German Magraf by more than 1200 years. Therefore, the real first discoverer of the "flame color reaction" was not the German Magrav, but the Chinese Tao Hongjing.

Tao Hongjing and Wenzhou

Tao Hongjing of the Southern Dynasty, known as the "Prime Minister of the Mountains", lived in seclusion in Yongjia Nanxi and Ruian Tao Mountain for many years, leaving many ruins and popular folklore. Tao Hongjing (456-536), also known as Tongming, was a native of Danyang Moling (present-day Nanjing). He experienced the three dynasties of the Southern Dynasty Song, Qi and Liang in his lifetime, and was a famous Taoist thinker and physician. He was born into a family of scholars. His grandfather, Tao Long, joined the army for the imperial palace, and his father, Tao Zhen, served as the commander of Xiaochang County. Hongjing behaved strangely when he was young, and at the age of four or five, he used Hagigan as a pen to learn words in ash, and at the age of ten began to study Ge Hong's "Biography of the Immortals". His father was killed by a concubine, so he never married a wife. Reading more than 10,000 volumes, good at piano and chess, gongcao li, familiar with the system of canons of the past dynasties, less than 20 years old, summoned to serve the kings of the southern dynasty and the end of the Song Dynasty. In the tenth year (492) of emperor Yongming of Qiwu, he stripped himself of his imperial clothes and hung up the shenwu gate, resigned his official post and returned to The Hidden Mao Mountain (present-day Jurong County, Zhenjiang City) to wander between mountains and rivers, listening to Songtao and chanting for fun, and calling himself Huayang Tao a hermit. Shen Was too punctual about Dongyang County, and Mu Ming sent letters and invitations many times, but did not attend the appointment.

Xiao Yanping Jiankang (present-day Nanjing), who was in Xinlin, was on the occasion of the Qi Liang Zen Dynasty, and Tao Hongjing sent his disciples to take a small road to greet him, quoting Tu Yu, believing that the world would return to Liang. After Emperor Xiao Yan of Liang ascended the throne, he was very gracious to him, and whenever he was uncertain or a major military event, he had to ask Tao Hongjing first, and the correspondence was endless, and people called him "The Prime Minister of the Mountains".

Tao Hongjing firmly believed in Lao Zhuang's philosophy and Ge Hong's theory of the immortals, and traveled all over the famous mountains and rivers to seek spiritual wonders everywhere. After the eleventh year (493) of Emperor Yongming of Qiwu, he traveled east to Zhejiang Yue, to Huiji Dahong Mountain, where he went to Huiju Shihuiming; to Yuyao Taiping Mountain, where he went to Gurudwara Du Jingshan; to Mount Shining (Shangyu) where gurudwara Zhong Yishan; to Shifeng Tiantai Mountain, where the monks and the old Daoist monks of Zhusu were obtained, and more than ten volumes of the relics of the True People were obtained. Summarizing and reforming the previous Ge Hong Jindan sect, Yang Yi's Shangqing Jingzhuo Taoism, and Lu Xiujing's Southern Heavenly Master Dao, the Maoshan Sect of Taoism with far-reaching influence was created. He advocated the dual cultivation of Buddhism and Taoism, the harmony and inclusiveness of the three teachings of Confucianism and Taoism, and once said that "all things are senluo, not separated from the two instruments, a hundred laws are mixed, and there is no realm of the three religions" ("Maoshan Changsha Pavilion Stele"). On the issue of health maintenance, it advocates the dual cultivation of form and god, and attaches equal importance to nourishment and refining. He has been diligent in writing all his life, and he is familiar with yin and yang, the five elements, the wind angle, the stars and mountains, the fangwu, the medical technique, and the Materia Medica, and he is also engaged in Jindan smelting. He is the author of many books. Compiled more than 200 volumes of "Zhenhao", "Hidden Recipe", and "Lao Tzu" and other books.

Kangxi's "Chronicle of Wenzhou Prefecture" says: "Tao Hongjing perched on Maoshan Mountain, a day of dreaming people told, wanting to return Dan, between the three yong." Knowing that it is Yongjia, Yongning, Yongkang, suiren picking creek Qingzhang Mountain monasticism." Qianlong's "Wenzhou Fu Zhi" and Guangxu's "Yongjia County Chronicle" both mention that Tao Hongjing was in the twelfth blessed land of the world, Da ruoyan, and collected the relics of Yang and Xu Sanjun (Yang Yi, Xu Mi, Xu *) extensively collected, and compiled them into the most famous Taoist classic "Zhen Jie" in 7 chapters and 20 volumes, so Da Ruo Yan is also known as Zhen Yao Yan.

Tao Hongjing described in the Book of Thanks (Xie Zheng) that "the beauty of mountains and rivers has been discussed in ancient times." The peak is in the clouds, and the clear stream is at the bottom. The stone walls on both sides of the strait are interspersed with five colors. Green forest and green bamboo, ready at four o'clock. The fog will rest, and the apes and birds will sing. The sunset is fading, and the scales are racing. It is the immortal capital of the world of desire. Since recreation, there has been no one who can be strange with it. "In the past people thought it was a view of The Mao Mountain that Dow wrote. Now, after investigation, Xie Lingyun's travels did not involve Maoshan Mountain, but he wrote many poems in Yongjia, such as "Dengyongjia Green Cockroach Mountain", "Stone Chamber Mountain", and "Crossing the White Shore Pavilion". It can be seen that Tao's cloud "has not been able to be strange with it", which actually refers to the Nanxi River.

Legend has it that Tao Hongjing tasted the grass in Fuquan Mountain in Angu (present-day Ruian), collected medicinal seeds and sugarcane (medicinal use), and treated the poor without taking a penny. The masses felt his thoughts and called the place where he lived "Tao Shan", the place where he planted medicine called "Yao Qi", the mountain called "Yao Qi Xiang", and the sugar cane called "Tao Cane". The places where he practiced were often surrounded by white clouds, and Tao Shi had clouds: "There is nothing in the mountains, and there are many white clouds on the mountains." Therefore, this area was formerly known as "Baiyun Township". Today, Taoshan Temple still has a Qing dynasty written by the Qing dynasty: "The Six Dynasties Hegemony Into Oath Water, the Famous Mountain of Thousands of Ages is surnamed Tao". No wonder there is such a poem as the beauty of mountains and rivers.

Original good articles in the past

This article is reproduced from the network, only to pass more information, if it infringes your rights and interests, please contact us in the background, we will delete it at the first time. Thank you!