Auspicious and auspicious year of the tiger
The table is full of food to celebrate the reunion
While celebrating the New Year with joy
Would you also be curious
How the ancients celebrated the Spring Festival
Then let's follow
Dynasty diagram in the "Chinese Dynasty Painting Series"
Let's find the answer to this question
Compiled and published by Zhejiang University and the Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics, the "Great Department of Chinese Painting in Past Dynasties" is huge in scale and voluminous, and has lasted 17 years since its launch; at present, it has included more than 12,470 pieces (sets) of Chinese paintings of paper, silk (including drapery, aya), hemp and other materials of more than 260 cultural institutions at home and abroad, covering most of the "national treasure" level painting treasures passed down from generation to generation. It is by far the most complete collection of Chinese paintings, the most authentic image records, the most refined printing quality and the largest publishing scale of Chinese painting image documents in the same kind of publications.
The Commentaries on the Interpretation of Texts explain: "Pilgrims, Dan ye. "Year Dynasty" is the elegant name of the Spring Festival New Year's Day. Ancient literati painters had the custom of painting or writing poems and lyrics in the early years. The "Year Dynasty Map" is intended to pray for blessings and prosperity between the Song Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. Spring is full of joy and vitality, and relatives and friends give gifts to each other to express the joy and blessings of the New Year.
There are three types of paintings with the theme of the New Year Dynasty, including depicting blessings, filial piety, and showing people's festive activities on the day of the New Year, involving three major painting disciplines: flowers, birds, figures, and landscapes. In history, many painters have chosen the theme of "years and dynasties" and left many excellent works.
Today, we open the "Chinese Painting Series of Past Dynasties" and enjoy the seven masterpieces together, understand the customs of the ancients to celebrate the Spring Festival, experience their expectations for a better life in the New Year, and sigh at the profound chinese traditional culture while also dipping in joy and blessing.
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【Ming】Xu Gui's "Tiger and Leopard Double Happiness Map", collected by the Cincinnati Art Museum in the United States, was included in the first volume of the "Complete Collection of Ming Paintings" of the "Chinese Painting Series".
(Click on the tiger's head, leopard, magpie in the picture, decrypt the ancient code ~)
The tiger, strong and mighty, has the spirit of a king, and has always been a symbol of courage and strength. In the history of Chinese civilization, the image of the tiger is not uncommon. As one of the zodiac signs, the tiger is often painted in the picture at the end of the year, conveying the meaning of auspiciousness and avoidance of evil and auspicious celebration. The Ming Dynasty court painter Xu Gui's "Tiger and Leopard Double Happiness Map" is one of these works.
In the painting, a colorful tiger crouches under Qiao Song, with two young tigers and one leopard next to him, all of which are majestic and full of energy. Above Qiao Song, there are two magpies perched, and the golden leopard forms the metaphor of "annunciation". The Ming Dynasty court painter's "Tiger and Leopard Double Happiness" is to use the tiger as a medium, praying that the people's livelihood and national fortunes can be like tigers adding wings and tigers!
【Song】Zhao Chang's "Year Dynasty Map", collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei, was included in the fourth volume of the "Complete Collection of Song Paintings" of the "Chinese Painting Series".
(Click on the lake stone in the picture, below the lake stone, decrypt the ancient code ~)
The year map presents beautiful things, implying auspiciousness. The color of this type of painting pursues festive and bright, and the composition is full and full, which is in line with the festive atmosphere of the New Year.
According to legend, this "Picture of the Dynasty" made for Zhao Chang of the Northern Song Dynasty is full of composition and colorful. The whole picture is full of flowers, green leaves, and the whole painting is covered with silk, which can be described as "full of light embroidery and flowers". In this work, the lines of the branches are quite strong and powerful, and the petals are outlined with a soft brush, reflecting the painter's profound pen and ink skills. Expressing infinite expectations for the New Year and Spring.
【Ming】Zhu Jianshen's "The Good Omen of the Dynasty", collected by the Palace Museum, was included in the first volume of the "Complete Collection of Ming Paintings" of the "Great Series of Chinese Paintings in Past Dynasties".
(Click on the little ghost in the picture, The bell belt, the inscription, decrypt the ancient code ~)
At the end of the new year and the New Year, China has the tradition of hanging door gods to ward off evil spirits and pray for blessings. In the legend, Zhong Kui is the god of all responses, he has everything he needs, can fight ghosts to drive away evil spirits, eliminate disasters and blessings, and Tang Shi has been listed as one of the door gods.
In order to pray for the smooth wind and rain and healthy life in the New Year, painters often use the harmonic sounds of objects to express their wishes for blessings, and form a relatively fixed modeling language and expression program. The main body of the picture of "The Year of The Dynasty" is a ruyi bell with a ruyi hand, and his eyes are fixed on the bat that symbolizes blessings in the upper right. The painting borrows myths and legends and harmonious music imagery to express the good wishes of the royal family at that time for the country's smooth sailing in the new year.
【Ming】Zhou Daoxing's "Appreciation of the Dynasty of the Years" (partial), collected by the Shanghai Museum, was included in the eighth volume of the "Complete Collection of Ming Paintings" of the "Chinese Painting Series".
(Click on the indoor elders, children in the court, and the elderly on the bridge in the picture to decrypt the ancient secret code ~)
In the new spring of the fifteenth year of Chongzhen (1642), Zhou Daoxing, who was famous for painting landscapes and figures, composed the "Appreciation Map of the Dynasty of the Years", depicting the scene of the gathering of the elderly at the beginning of the first month, in which the layout of the buildings and platforms was staggered, and the figures were divided into several different areas. Throughout the painting, the brush is concise, the color is elegant, and the character image created is full of spirit, rich in rich life atmosphere and strong folk customs.
【Qing】Lang Shining et al.'s "Hongli Snow Scenery Xingle Map" (partial), collected by the Palace Museum, included in the twenty-third volume of the "Complete Collection of Qing Paintings" of the "Chinese Painting Series".
(Click on the brazier of Qianlong's foot pedals in the picture, the teenager next to Qianlong, the elephant trunk foot incense burner under the pillar, the boy who spreads sesame poles, the child who builds snow lions, decrypt the ancient code ~)
In the Qing Dynasty, the Italian missionary painter Lang Shining, who served the inner court with painting, used the realistic characteristics of Western painting to combine traditional line drawing and color to express the activities of the characters during the dynasty, such as the axis of "Hongli Snow Scenery And Music Map" painted by him and other painters in the court, which belonged to the family celebration map that expressed traditional filial piety.
The painter depicts the family atmosphere of the Qianlong Emperor Hongli reuniting with his children at the beginning of the New Year, and the whole picture shows a happy and peaceful festive atmosphere in the focus perspective, expressing people's beautiful vision of the future when the old is retired and the new is welcomed: "Spring is beautiful in the five-colored clouds, and the first day on the branches of the ten thousand years grows." ”
【Qing】Yong Yao's "Peace as Intended", collected by the Palace Museum, was included in the twenty-third volume of the "Complete Collection of Qing Paintings" of the "Chinese Painting Series".
(Click on the ruyi and bottle body, camellia, momei, and green pine in the picture to decrypt the ancient code ~)
In the old days, in the New Year, the court and ordinary people had the tradition of drawing and hanging the "auspicious map of the year", and the emperors and clans often participated in it. Qianlong and his sixth son Yongyao have a number of paintings celebrating the New Year, and "Peace as Intention" was produced by the father and son in the thirty-third year of Qianlong.
The painting was painted by Yong Yao, and the inscription was Qianlong. The text says that "it is just in time for the Dynasty to be auspicious, and to serve mercy and entertainment forever", expressing the meaning of the father and son jointly congratulating the empress dowager on the new year. Time has passed, and more than two hundred years have passed in a flash, but the paintings always tell the most simple and innocent expectations of the people's hearts - years of peace and everything is as expected.
【Qing】Wu Changshuo's "Illustration of the Qing Dynasty", collected by the Palace Museum, was included in the nineteenth volume of the "Complete Collection of Qing Paintings" of the "Chinese Painting Series".
(Click on the inscription in the picture to decrypt the ancient code ~)
"The Year of the Dynasty qing offering" is painted with elegant objects, or letters and pens, or part-time work, and often with poetry, sustenance of auspicious meanings, in order to welcome the new year, pray for a safe and smooth coming year. This painting was painted by the famous painter Wu Changshuo of the Shanghai School in 1915, the picture is composed of red plums, daffodils, grasses, fruits and vegetables and other flowers and fruits, a variety of xiushi literary play, the next pen is clumsy and clumsy, the colors are gorgeous and moist, the performance content is close to folk life, but also does not lose the literati Yaxing, can be described as a "elegant and customary appreciation" of the festival masterpiece.
Through seven famous paintings in the "Great Series"
We can see the ancients celebrating the Spring Festival
A festive and happy family atmosphere
You can see them all
A vision of a new year with a safe and prosperous future
I can feel it
The chinese traditional culture is profound and timeless
I don't know the beautiful meaning hidden in the painting
Clever, have you found it all?
Feel free to talk to us in the comments section
Resources:
Chen Shizeng. History of Chinese Painting[M].Beijing:Democracy and Construction Press,2018.]
Wang Bomin. General History of Chinese Painting[M].Beijing: Life, Reading, and Xinzhi Sanlian Bookstore, 2008.
Xu Shucheng. The History of Chinese Painting: Painting of the Song Dynasty[M]. Beijing:People's Fine Arts Publishing House, 2004.
WANG Bomin. Under the General History of Chinese Painting[M].Beijing: Life, Reading, and Xinzhi Triptych Bookstore, 2008.
Chen Chuanxi,Gu Ping. Wu Changshuo[M].Suzhou:Gu Wuxuan Publishing House,2000.]
Shao Hongxuan,Yang Huan. Ming and Qing Dynasty Bogu Theme Painting and Its Cultural Change[J].Culture and Art Research,2018,11(3):126-132.
Afterglow. Talk about the years of the chart. People's Daily Learning Power, February 10, 2019.
Some of the content refers to the official websites and online resources of major museums
Content Integration: Ma Yudan | Han Mingzheng, a student journalist group of the Rong Media Center of Zhejiang University, | Yang Nan
Today's editor: Zhejiang University Rong Media Center Student Press Corps Han Mingzheng | Yang Nan
Editor-in-charge: Zhou Yiying| Ma Yudan