In recent years, the global camera market has shrunk sharply, coupled with the repeated outbreak of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, many traditional imaging brands have chosen to switch production, stop production or even sell their wealth: on January 12 this year, Canon Zhuhai Co., Ltd., which has been established for 32 years, announced the suspension of production and closure. Coincidentally, Nikon also shut down its production base in Jiangsu, China, in 2017, and in 2021, it shut down all camera production lines in Japan, moving its business to Thailand as a whole. Olympus sold its camera business and recording business to private equity firm Japan Industrial Partners last year, turning it into a medical technology company, and Panasonic, which is also in the M4/3 camp, also spun off the digital camera business from the main company...
According to the environmental report released by Canon Zhuhai, in the nine years from 2012 to 2020, the production capacity of digital cameras fell from 10.93 million units in 2012 to 1.029 million units in 2020, lenses from 36.43 million units to 12.29 million units, and digital cameras from 570,000 units to 94,000 units... The timeline of this decline curve just overlaps with the rise of smart phones, according to IDC data, in 2016, global smartphone shipments reached a historical peak of 1.473 billion units, in recent years, although the overall market is close to saturation, but in 2021 global smartphone shipments are still 1.35 billion units, and the volume of millions of traditional cameras is not a level at all.
What is surprising is that in the long history of photography for more than 180 years, the first photographic mobile phone was actually released in 2000, which seemed not so far away, belonging to the pure "post-00s", and mobile photography really stood on the center of the stage for less than 10 years. So, how did mobile phone photography achieve "crows turn into phoenixes" in such a short period of time?
Before 2010: Savage Growth
Before 2010, mobile phone photography is in the stage of slow and barbaric growth, first of all, because the hardware and software performance of smart phones is still relatively weak, and the system is still in the era of alternating between functional machines and smart phones, so this stage of mobile phone photography is more just the icing on the cake, most people will still use traditional portable digital cameras when traveling to take pictures.
2009 iPhone 3GS has just begun to support video recording function, and still photos are only 3.2 million pixels, when the social network is still in the web page stage, everyone likes to steal food in Renren, Happy Network, QQ space to grab parking spaces, even if the photos are taken with traditional cameras, so almost all users of mobile phone photography are very limited, and it is not just needed.
The first mobile phone in history with a built-in camera looks very retro, but it was actually born in 2000, not far away
In September 2000, Sharp and Japanese mobile operator J-PHONE released the first Sharp J-SH04 mobile phone with a built-in 110,000-pixel CCD camera, but it did not receive much attention and was almost invisible in the Chinese mainland market. In the following years, the market's enthusiasm for mobile phone camera function was greatly awakened, and this function quickly became the selling point of mobile phones. Nokia 7650, Sony Ericsson T68i and other products emerged, of which the Nokia 7650 with a 300,000 pixel camera is believed to be the first camera phone after many 70s and 80s.
Mobile phone photography in the era of functional machines is more of a product of direct "stitching" card machines
Time came, in 2006, a lot of experience in card camera design Samsung B600 with 10 million pixels CCD camera head and subversive appearance came, as the first mobile phone to use autofocus function, it also has triple optical zoom and five times digital zoom function, its emergence means that the mobile phone for the first time has a "comparable" status with the camera. But from the perspective of God, we have also witnessed the failure of mobile phones to learn from camera design ideas, and miniaturization is the direction of big demand in the entire market.
In general, the early development of camera phones is actually synchronized with the evolution of the entire mobile phone industry, not only cameras, but other parts such as screens and processors are constantly evolving. Of course, the type of mobile phone is also based on feature phones, even if it can barely be called "smart phone" Nokia Symbian model does not have too many camera applications, the second revolution of camera phones is obviously with the evolution of iPhones, Android phones and unfold.
In 2007, the birth of the original iPhone heralded the first year of modern mobile photography
Because of this, 2007 can be said to be the "first year" of modern mobile phone photography, because in this year, the first generation of iPhone was born, although only 2 million pixels, but its subversiveness lies in its execution from hardware to software ecology, most of the photography and video Apps we use now have the best performance on iOS, and the emergence of the iPhone has a milestone significance for the entire photography field.
2010: Starting from the iPhone 4, it entered a stage of rapid development
When the first generation of iPhones and Android phones were released, they did not actually take pictures as a selling point, such as the first iPhone only built-in 2 million pixels of non-autofocus camera, the shooting effect is very mediocre. Before 2010, Nokia, which still used the Symbian system, still had a big advantage.
The major event to reverse this situation is Apple's iPhone 4 launched in 2010, this smartphone with FaceTime+480P front camera and 5 million pixel rear camera abandons the traditional design ideas, using iSight sensors and algorithms to achieve amazing shooting effects, while benefiting from the spurt growth of iOS platform applications, a large number of shooting, sharing applications burst out, so that users develop the habit of shooting and sending.
The iPhone 4, equipped with front and rear cameras, is the starting point for mobile phone photography to start the explosion
iPhone 4 in the camera of the big leap also prompted Android to begin to evolve, the classic representative is the Samsung Galaxy S series, the first Galaxy S is also equipped with 480P front camera and 500 pixel rear camera, of which the rear camera also supports autofocus, facial recognition and image stabilization function, while supporting panoramic scanning shooting, these are still the core technology in that era began to precipitate.
This period is also in the end of the feature machine, because Nokia also launched the N8 with 12 million pixels in the same period, but due to the serious lag of the Symbian system, it can not get the user's affirmation, which in turn affected the 41 million pixel Nokia 808 PureView released in 2012. It can be seen that the use experience and application richness of the software system platform have begun to stand in the center of the stage, becoming an equal or even more important part of the hardware specifications.
With a 41-megapixel camera, the failure of the Nokia 808 PureView tells the world the importance of mobile phone systems
To put it simply, starting from the 5 million pixel iPhone 4, mobile phone photography under the leadership of Apple began to enter the stage of rapid development of hardware and software, that is, at this time node, domestic Weibo, WeChat, overseas Twitter, Facebook and other personal social media began to popularize, so that taking pictures has become a social necessity, and mobile phone photography has officially become the core point of mobile phone design.
It is also from this stage that the distribution of iPhone, Android, Windows Phone and other platforms has been basically fixed, the improvement of mobile phone photography technology can be summarized in stages as the diversification of image sensors and the progress of image processing engines, while with the steady improvement of lens quality, there began to appear for mobile phone customization CMOS technology design, for example, HTC One main "UltraPixel" large pixel area concept, increase pixel area but reduce the total number of pixels, This achieves better low-light shooting, but the 4-megapixel resolution is also unacceptable to many users.
The same concept is also used apple's iPhone 5s, but Apple's method is obviously smarter, iPhone 5s increase the pixel area at the same time as the increase in sensor size, so 8 million pixels can be retained, to achieve "fish and bear paws at the same time." The Nokia Lumia 1020 ported the 808 PureView's 41-megapixel sensor, which can still achieve the effect of "lossless zoom" with ultra-high pixel density, while the Windows Phone platform is more powerful than Symbian, the shooting experience and software applications are better, which also attracted a lot of attention at the beginning.
Most of the mobile phone photography systems launched by traditional camera manufacturers are based on the technical characteristics of their own traditional cameras
At the same time, Samsung and Sony, as cmOS upstream giants, have also played a lot of tricks. Among them, Samsung directly transplanted the 1/2.3-inch 16 million pixel sensor and 10 times optical zoom lens on the digital camera to the Galaxy S4 Zoom, in addition to the improvement of image quality, the Android system also brought richer applications. Sony is the main integration concept, the "G" lens of Sony's traditional camera and the CONCEPTZ image processing engine concept into the Xperia Z1 mobile phone, the 20 million pixel large-size sensor also has a good picture quality performance, and it is not difficult to find that to this day Sony is still using this "from the traditional camera to the mobile phone" strategy.
2016: The pixel war has come to an end, and the era of multi-camera has arrived
Before 2016, the "pixel should be how much" of the mobile phone camera is still a controversial topic, in 2008 the mainstream pixels of the mobile phone camera were 5 million to 8 million, and the single pixel side length of the CMOS sensor was 1.75 μm; in 2009, the mainstream pixel was 800 to 10 million, and the single pixel side length was 1.4 μm; in 2011, the mainstream pixel was around 10 million, and the single pixel side length dropped to 1.1 μm, and in 2016, the Apple iPhone 6s Plus opened the legend of "ancestral 12 million" pixels, and the length of the single pixel side did not fall but rose.
In fact, this also fully shows that in the case of mobile phone sensors at most 1 inch, blindly improving the camera pixel has slowly been recognized. The reason is that if the single pixel area is only 1.10μm, in order to maintain the signal-to-noise ratio, the pixel needs to have higher sensitivity, but this also means that the noise will increase irreversibly, in other words, the physical material properties and the ceiling of the sensor structure are touched.
And we also foresaw the failure of traditional optical zoom design on mobile phones, therefore, how to achieve rich shooting functions, has become the key to the urgent breakthrough in the field of mobile phone photography at that time, and in fact, as early as 2011, there have been manufacturers have begun to try, that is, we are now familiar with the "multi-camera solution": in 2011, HTC, LG took the lead in launching dual camera mobile phones, in 2014 Glory, Coolpad joined it, in 2015 ZTE and 360 also launched dual camera mobile phones, of course, The most important thing is that in 2016, Apple launched the first dual-camera model, the iPhone 7 Plus.
The popularity of multi-camera mobile phones has opened a door to a new world for mobile photography
The dual-camera scheme is generally divided into two combinations, one is a bifocal segment, that is, a main camera, a telephoto or wide angle, and the other design is color + black and white to enhance the performance of low-light shooting, or both are color for depth of field calculation.
Obviously, the functional purpose of these designs is not the same, in the dual camera era can only be forced to choose, but then everyone knows - the arrival of three cameras, four cameras and even five cameras to package these functions together, multi-camera after 2015 has begun to become the mainstream of mobile phone imaging technology development.
According to IDC data, the dual-camera penetration rate of Apple and Android mobile phones reached a peak of 53% in 2019, followed by a rapid increase in the penetration rate of triple and quadruple cameras, and the penetration rate of Apple triple and quad shots in 2021 was 50% and 10%, respectively. It is not difficult to see that the multi-camera penetration rate of Android and Apple will exceed 60% in 2021, and multi-camera mobile phones will occupy an absolute dominant position in the future.
In order to optimize the imaging effect, in 2018, 35.6% of the main camera is 5 lenses, 64.3% of the main camera is 6 lenses, 0.1% of the mobile phone main camera is 7 lenses, and the CC9 Pro released by Xiaomi in 2019 is the first mobile phone to use 8 lenses.
Mobile phone lenses are also quietly evolving, and have now developed into designs such as 8 pieces of plastic and 6 pieces of plastic + 1 piece of glass
In terms of materials, the current common lens materials are plastic and glass, plastic lenses are low cost, easy to mass production, is the mainstream of mobile phone lenses, but the disadvantage is that the optical quality is relatively weak, and the performance of glass lenses is better, but its mass production is difficult, the production cost is high, it is difficult to be widely used in the field of mobile phones, so the glass-plastic hybrid lenses have become inevitable, such as 6 plastic lenses and 1 glass lenses Composed of glass-plastic hybrid lens Imaging effect is comparable to 8 plastic lenses, but its number of lenses is small, which is conducive to reducing the thickness of the module. This is also a big microcosm of the development of mobile photography.
In addition, the development of mobile phone telephoto lenses also ushered in a historic moment in 2019, Huawei P30 Pro was equipped with periscope lens design for the first time, and later a number of domestic and foreign manufacturers including Xiaomi, Samsung, Glory, Vivo and so on have launched mobile phones equipped with periscope telephoto lenses. In fact, the periscope design is also derived from the card camera era of technology, the telephoto lens horizontally arranged, and the wide-angle lens to form a vertical layout, the use of prism refraction to achieve imaging, can ensure the thin appearance of the mobile phone at the same time greatly increase the camera physical focal length, but the processing difficulty is relatively high, the refraction transmittance of the prism, placement accuracy requirements are very high.
Periscope ultra-telephoto lenses have become the new point of view in 2019
However, the periscope telephoto is currently some "high and low" trend, since 2022, including Realme, iQOO, Honor and OnePlus, as well as the Xiaomi 12 series released at the end of 2021, these 5 flagship mobile phones equipped with the new Snapdragon 8 mobile platform, have silently cancelled the periscope telephoto lens, most of them have been changed to ordinary telephoto lenses, Xiaomi 12 Pro even telephoto lenses have been cancelled together, why is this?
The first is because the periscope lens has a more complex structure, more expensive cost and higher adjustment difficulty than the ordinary telephoto lens, coupled with the periscope design occupies the internal space, and the interior of the mobile phone is well known as the inch of land.
Secondly, it has triggered an ethical controversy, before many netizens said that someone used periscope telephoto to secretly shoot, posing a threat to personal privacy and security protection, not to mention that in addition to designing showmanship, ultra-high magnification telephoto is not a common function in the field of mobile phone photography, most people just like to use telephoto to get over it, so for manufacturers, periscope telephoto is a good publicity point, but it is not so important for user needs, coupled with high costs, so it is reasonable to quickly get cold.
Electronic + optical image stabilization has become the direction of the industry, but the fresh design of the micro-gimbal is also quite interesting
However, it is worth noting that the large number of telephoto lenses has also made image stabilization a new pain point. In fact, digital image stabilization technology on the phone first appeared on the LG viewty mobile phone in 2007, but in 2012 Nokia Lumia 920 was officially equipped with optical image stabilization, OPPO 2019 released Reno 10 times zoom version for the first time to achieve a mixture of electronic image stabilization and optical image stabilization, 2020 iPhone 12 Pro Max introduced CMOS image stabilization, that is, the concept of camera body stabilization, Later, OPPO linked CMOS image stabilization and optical image stabilization to achieve hardware-level five-axis image stabilization.
Vivo is directly in the X50 Pro into a micro-gimbal, in order to compensate for the displacement jitter generated during video shooting, it can be said that in recent years, the stabilization technology is "eight immortals across the sea to show magic", but in our view, the mainstream in the future will still be a combination of electronic image stabilization and optical image stabilization.
Through a 3D perception lens, we can scan environmental data and generate a 3D model
Speaking of cameras, many people may only have cameras in their concepts, but in fact, on modern smartphones, there are some imaging technologies that will not be used directly for taking pictures, but are very practical: 3D perception. In September 2017, Apple's iPhone X debuted 3D structured light facial recognition, opening a new era of biometrics, due to its extremely high accuracy, speed and security, 3D face recognition can not only be used for mobile phone unlocking, but also for face payment, the 2020 iPhone 12 Pro Max is also equipped with a rear-facing lidar camera. Since Apple released structured light, the Android camp has also begun to gradually promote the 3D perception function, and the rear ToF (Time of Flight) lens configuration of the mobile phone came into being.
For mobile phones, ToF is better suited to 3D vision imaging technology than structured light. Its cost is lower, the application range is wider, and it is more favored by mobile phone manufacturers, and more and more manufacturers are beginning to try the rear camera ToF solution. Combined with the gradual popularization of 5G commercialization, it ushers in new development opportunities for the application of mobile phone 3D vision. With the support of 5G technology, ToF lens is to meet the just needs of VR/AR game scenes. Therefore, in the 5G era, equipped with ToF lenses will become a major trend in mobile phone design. According to Techno Systems Research, smartphone penetration with ToF lenses was 3% in 2019 and is expected to exceed 30% by 2023, becoming standard for mid- to high-end models.
After 2018: Welcome to the age of computational photography
The essence of multi-camera is actually the fusion of multiple CMOS sensors, which means entering the multi-camera era, which also represents entering the era of algorithms, Apple's iPhone 11 series conference, Apple's senior vice president Philip Schiller introduced the concept of "computational photography" for the first time when introducing the imaging system of the iPhone 11 Pro series, and this concept was also known to the public for the first time.
Under the limitations of the hardware ceiling, computational photography has become a new technological breakthrough
The Magic 3 series mobile phone released by Honor in the second half of 2021 has increased the maximum amount of light intake and the maximum sharpness by 18% when color black and white are fused through the computational photography technology of multi-main camera fusion. When the main camera and the wide-angle lens are fused, the center sharpness is increased by up to 80%, and when the main camera and telephoto lens are fused, the center sharpness is increased by up to 180%...
Behind these numbers, is the linkage of multiple cameras at the same time to optimize the imaging of multi-camera fusion technology, according to the shutter although fleeting, but behind but behind the experience of scale alignment, pixel alignment, the development of fusion strategy and image fusion of these four steps.
There are many challenges in designing: how to achieve the most accurate and fast fusion within the limited computing power? How are mutations in fusion and non-fusion regions handled? How do I tell which pixels need to be fused? What are the weights of each of the two input images when fusing images? How to use the underlying system hardware support to achieve efficient computing? How do I work closely with other features of the camera system? It can be said that every shot of modern mobile phones is behind the hard work of countless engineers.
Multi-frame synthesis, pixel merging, and then combined with artificial intelligence algorithms to supplement colors, constitute the software technology fortress of mobile phone photography
And the vigorous development of computational photography has also allowed those designs that were previously subject to physical ceilings to rediscover the road to "curve to save the country", such as ultra-high pixel CMOS, Samsung Bright HMX can already achieve 1/ 1.33 inches 108 million pixels, but most of the time it runs in 9 pixels merged into 1 pixel 12 million mode, the use of multi-pixel integration to achieve a single frame shooting HDR, while having a large pixel area of high sensitivity, and can switch to high pixel density at any time for full output, but also the first mobile phone shooting 8K video function, so that the screen output is no longer a single specification form, can flexibly respond to different needs, similar solutions can also be seen on the Huawei Mate series models.
In fact, from the perspective of the contribution of computational photography, the importance of Google should not be ignored, such as the handheld night mode that everyone is very familiar with, which was first launched in 2018's Google Pixel 3, using more than 15 multi-frame continuous shooting fusion + artificial intelligence color filling to make up for the innate lack of mobile phone sensors, this function has also been carried forward in the later Apple iPhone 11, Huawei P30 Pro and other models.
There is also a super-resolution zoom algorithm, the phone will automatically collect the offset formed by the jitter, complete the missing pixels after the digital zoom, and when no jitter is detected, it will automatically let the optical image stabilization component of the lens move regularly to cause a slight offset. This adds a 1.5x zoom function to the camera, which is especially useful when switching between the main camera and 2x telephoto: for example, in 1.6x zoom, the conventional design can only force the main camera screen, and after experimenting with the super-resolution zoom algorithm, there is no such trouble, and later Apple's Deep Fusion also adopted this algorithm.
The beauty algorithm is a major achievement of artificial intelligence in the field of photography
The progress of artificial intelligence algorithms has promoted the development of mobile photography in the derivative field, such as social media Apps, the most representative of which is the beauty algorithm, whether it is a picture class, short video class or live broadcast class have added a large number of beauty and even body technology.
Through the deep neural network to detect the face, after obtaining the face key point, you can do slimming, skin polishing, whitening and other beautification operations on the face area in the picture, you can use OpenGL ES on Android, you can use Metal on Apple, according to the location of the face key point, the face is slimming, skin polishing, whitening and other rendering.
At this time, many people may think about a question: is computational photography considered photography or not? After all, Huawei's telephoto shooting of the moon triggered a lot of discussion, and Huawei recently released its 2019 application for a patent for "a method and electronic device for shooting the moon", which details how to automatically identify the moon and enter a dedicated mode, adjust focus and exposure parameters and multi-frame synthesis.
In fact, in our view, after entering the digital age, photography is no longer such a simple thing as chemical reaction, digital photography is optical signal to electrical signal and then turn 0 and 1, each step in the middle has undergone complex software processing, will lose a lot of information, destroy a lot of information, and then supplement a lot of information through the algorithm, the quality difference between different algorithms is also very large.
If this processing of traditional digital cameras can be recognized as real photography, then computational photography is essentially no different from them, they are just more intelligent use of raw data, using mathematical means to restore the real signal as much as possible, there is no automatic re-creation at the software level. As for color filling, I would like to ask which photography master does not post-process it, and the secondary creation is not in the minority, so this question is actually not controversial when you think about it carefully.
Cross-border co-branding: The vitality of the camera continues on the mobile phone side
So, at present, the development of mobile phone photography is basically determined to be the path of algorithm priority and hardware as a supplement, so what work does mobile phone brands need to do in the market? One of the answers is to rely on the brand effect of traditional cameras to achieve a breakthrough. After all, in the entire photography circle, even if the shipment has a sharp contrast, the image of the traditional camera in the minds of the majority of users has always been relatively tall, after all, the mobile phone can not replace the role of the camera in the field of productivity in a short period of time.
Huawei and Leica signed an Innovation Lab cooperation agreement to make the future of mobile photography more sustainable
Therefore, in 2016, Huawei and Leica jointly released the Huawei P9 mobile phone, which is equipped with a set of dual cameras tuned by Leica, a black and white photosensitive lens is responsible for collecting details and outlines, a color photosensitive lens is responsible for collecting color, the cooperation between the two has made the P9's camera effect significantly enhanced, but also the "Huawei + Leica" this iconic image IP played out, and in less than 8 months of listing, the global sales of the machine exceeded 12 million units, Compared with the previous generation of products, the increase reached 152%.
Since then, professional camera manufacturers have gradually become an important boost for mobile phone manufacturers to impact the high-end market, and then more and more mobile phone manufacturers have joined the camp of cooperation with camera brands. At the end of 2020, vivo and ZEISS jointly launched the vivo X60 series, but unlike Huawei and Leica, vivo and ZEISS in addition to technical cooperation, in hardware and technology also carried out cooperative research and development, such as vivo X60 Pro+ not only adopted the "vivo ZEISS joint imaging system", but also added ZEISS optical lenses and T* coating, which is completely used in ZEISS's two most classic highlights, further enhancing the professionalism of mobile phone imaging.
In March 2021, OnePlus mobile phones joined hands with Hasselblad, the newly launched OnePlus 9 series in the pre-sale period, 5 minutes to break through 10,000 units of pre-sale, pre-sale is in 50 minutes to break through 100 million yuan, officially launched 10 seconds, the whole network sales exceeded 300 million yuan, obviously, under the blessing of traditional camera brands, the image of mobile phone photography has become more professional, which is undoubtedly a two-phase positive thing.
However, the joint name of mobile phones and cameras is actually not a new thing in recent years, ZEISS and Nokia have also been maintaining cooperation, Moto Z has also launched The Hasselblad module, but it turns out that if the joint name is only a momentary speed and no continuous investment, in this era of rapid pace of new machine changes, at most can only leave a little memory, which is why Huawei and Leica set up max Berek Innovation Lab, for new optical systems, computational imaging and other fields of in-depth research and development; vivo and ZEISS set up an imaging laboratory OnePlus even invested $1 billion in the next 3 years to cooperate with Hasselblad.
Summary: From hardware to software to algorithms, the influence of mobile photography will only grow
Looking at the development history of the entire mobile phone imaging technology, it is not difficult to see that the real technology explosion is actually in the past decade, especially the popularity of multi-camera solutions has made the functions and gameplay of mobile phone photography enter an era of exponential growth, Sony even launched the Xperia PRO-I with a 1-inch large-outsole CMOS at the end of 2021, while also following the focus and continuous shooting algorithm of the traditional camera, so that the hardware level of mobile phone imaging is officially on an equal footing with its own black card series.
In addition, major brands have worked functions such as depth-of-field lenses, ultra-wide-angle lenses, ultra-telephoto lenses, cinema lenses, ultra-macro lenses and even hyperspectral lenses. It is not difficult to see that at this stage, mobile phone photography has developed from a practical record of life to a hundred flowers, but do users really need so many functions? Why is this trend formed?
From the perspective of reasons, one is the "inner volume", although mobile phone manufacturers want to reduce costs, but the fierce market competition forces them to dare not adopt a conservative plan, after all, the sentence "I don't use it, but you can't have it" is too lethal, so it began to tinker with all kinds of new gameplay shots.
On the other hand, the pressure of public opinion makes mainstream mobile phone manufacturers less likely to be indiscriminately charged on mid-range and above products, so 1-inch outsole, macro, hyperspectral and other lenses have become the best substitutes, after all, they still have a certain degree of practicality, and cutting off the periscope telephoto is a consideration made in cost, in the second quarter of this year we may see more new models that use such design ideas.
In the 5G era, the mobile phone's data center positioning is more and more clear, the function is more and more important, and the software functions and algorithm mechanisms derived from mobile phone photography have affected the entire IT industry in the form of butterfly effect, and now mobile phone photography has its own professional film exhibition, such as vivo and ZEISS jointly launched the FIRST Youth Film Exhibition, in addition to the camera has also expanded many functions, such as monitoring heart rate, respiratory rate and even side blood oxygen concentration through LED fill light, Another example is the combination of 3D perception to do environmental scanning modeling... It is foreseeable that mobile photography is expanding the concept of "photography", and its influence will continue to maintain its current momentum in the future, which deserves the attention of all technology enthusiasts.