Seven Songs of New Year's Spring: Li Chun Calendar Day is self-reliant, and Baosheng welcomes spring
When the Spring Festival arrives, there are often beautiful words in the blessings to congratulate the New Year and celebrate the New Year. The first lunar month is the beginning of spring in the concept, so it is often the beginning of the new year and the spring, which contemporary people think should be so.
The ancients who actually attached importance to the festival, the New Year and the Spring Festival are not confused, but in the two important festivals in similar periods, each with its own expression and celebration, and then superimposed on the cheerful overall atmosphere of the adult festival.
This can not but be said, the important festival, Li Chun.
Lichun, divided by solar terms, is the oldest precise concept of time derived from the method of defining the four seasons and time using the trajectory of the sun on the earth's surface. That is, when the sun reaches 315° ecliptic longitude, it is marked at this time to indicate the official arrival of spring.
The traditional daily use of the lunar calendar, then the relationship between the spring and the first month has become somewhat delicate. Because the lunar calendar is divided by the movement of the moon, there is a time gap between the actual moon and the sun, which needs to be supplemented by leap months. It forms the "Li Chun" solar terms that should have appeared at the beginning of the first month, and when the calendar is used, there will be a gap between the first few days and the next few days.
The New Year is the first day of January every year, which is an important time point for the country to commemorate the year, which is related to all aspects of social life.
However, Lichun, too, can not be ignored, the traditional Chinese imperial power of heaven, is on behalf of the heavens to govern all things in the world, of which Lichun also represents the return of the spring god, the growth of all things, the beginning of folk spring farming, is the ancient agricultural country that relies on nature and land must pay attention to the day. Therefore, the Zhou Dynasty Tianzi will lead hundreds of officials in Lichun to welcome the spring in the suburbs and hold a grand spring festival.
Folk people beat spring cattle, eat spring vegetables, wear spring victory spring flags, step on spring to appreciate spring, and welcome the official return of celebrating spring.
New Year and Li Chun have their own priorities, but they are all in the traditional New Year's period, around the first day of the first month, the festive atmosphere of the New Year festival is superimposed more brilliant and hot.
First, the Son of Heaven greets the spring
"The eastern suburbs temporarily turned to welcome the spring battle, and the first flight celebration cup of the Upper Garden."
The wind shot Jiao's ice was broken, and the qi rushed to the fish key nine times open.
The grass in the forest is born, and the flowers in the temple are plums.
The song blows en return to the road late, and Qi Wu half down to Fengcheng. Chu Tang · Shen Qifeng and Li Chun Yuyuan Yingchun (January 8, 710)
This was the era of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang and Wu Zetian, when the emperor led hundreds of officials to the countryside to welcome the spring, and the team was huge, with a huge honor guard. However, the sky was not beautiful that day, and heavy snow fell, so this eastern suburban sacrifice was transferred from the meadow wilderness back to the palace of the royal garden, and the emperor was also very sympathetic to the hundred officials who came together, in short, the wine banquet was well managed.
In addition to the necessary solemnity, this kind of sacrifice also carries the brightness of playing in the green, stepping on the snow to see the plums, and the welfare of the public faction, and it is also very festive and lively.
In the eastern outskirts of the capital, the party temporarily stopped the spring party and turned to the royal garden to drink.
Because the wind and snow were very heavy on this day, the snow floating in the sky was like the scales on the dragon's body, but the Son of Heaven was here, and the spring qi rushed through the ice and snow and went straight up to the Ninth Heaven.
We saw that among the trees in the eastern suburbs, there were already the buds of grass, and spring was coming, if the most beautiful spring flowers were still the spring plums of the royal garden, not only outdoors, but also in the main hall where the wine banquet was arranged, there were plum blossoms everywhere to welcome spring.
We drank and drank here until the evening, and on the way home, after the snow, we saw the sun about to set.
"At the beginning of the year, the sentence mang ordered the repetition.
Fly ash will be in season, and the guest day is known to be spring.
The three unifications of the Examination Calendar ming, greeting the good fortune of the people.
The crown is jade, and the altar is clear and dusty.
Solemnly come to the host road, loop back to the north star.
Before the battle, the flowers are ready to be spent, and the willows are suspicious of the new.
Clouds and mountains, ice open Su Xunbin.
The Holy Pilgrimage is rewarded with many rewards, and he hopes to recommend Shen Fall. "Yingchun Eastern Suburb Tang · Zhang Mao
This was the spring of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang's son, Emperor Suzong of Tang.
The god of winter is the god of winter, and the god of spring, the son of heaven to greet of course is Sentence Mang, he is the ancient Chinese myth of the wood god (spring god), in charge of the growth of land trees, "Sentence Mang people face two dragons, the Tao is the spring god Wei Jiuwei"
The spring god is greeted by building a circular platform in the suburbs, and of course the people who make preparations will dress up here the night before, according to the pomp and circumstance in this poem, on the first day and on the day, there are tens of thousands of people gathered here. Standing next to the altar were all dressed Taoist monks holding jade plates in their hands.
While waiting for the emperor to come, a group of people surrounded the emperor like a big dipper and completed a major ceremony to sacrifice the spring god.
However, such a sacrifice is pleasant in terms of mood and body feeling, because at this time it is the early spring of plum blossoms and willows, which can be used as a spring tour, and more importantly, every time such a ceremony, the emperor is very generous, and it is a banquet, and it is a gift, expressing that he is God in the human world, so the courtiers are proud to be able to accompany the Sacrifice of the Son of Heaven.
Second, the folk welcome the spring and establish the earth cattle
"Bu Ze Mu Long urged, Ying Chun Tu Niu helped."
The rain master learns to sprinkle, and the clouds will flutter.
The four fields are clear, and the mountains are dawning for a while.
Hang Tu Li and Kang, Su Min is rich and prosperous. Don · Bai Juyi's "Twenty-Three Poems of Harmony" and forty rhymes on March 30
During the Zhou Dynasty, the twelfth month of the lunar calendar was made of soil to make the shape of an ox, which was to drive away the cold plague, and during the Han Dynasty, the plague was also used to remove the plague, which was originally a kind of ancient witch sacrifice. However, during the Han Dynasty, since January was the New Year, this method of expulsion was merged with the elimination of the night. Cattle represent spring plowing. It was divided into celebrating the spring with native cattle and driving out the sneaky plague of the year with a dance.
After the Tang Dynasty, the earth cattle formed a tradition in the folk and were widely used to welcome spring and spring.
For example, Bai Juyi's poem recalling early spring and spring was written in this way.
The spring rain in the sky is the dragon calling, and when the spring is established, the earth cows piled up look forward to the arrival of spring.
So the rain god in the sky, the god of clouds, fell auspicious spring rain one after another, and then after the rain, the sky was clear and the spring light was full of light.
In the Suzhou and Hangzhou areas, the land is fertile, the people are rich, and the spring scenery is pleasant.
"Jade candles spread the festival, yang and should be this day."
The earth cattle are in the form of an old barnyard, and the swallow is in the spring.
Lap star back times, cold moon Jianyin.
Plum blossoms will be willow-colored, partial to the more homely people. "Zhongtang · Cao Songke neutral spring
This kind of mound of earth cattle, the custom of welcoming spring and spring, is everywhere. For example, Cao Song lived in Lichun in another hometown.
What you see is the spring scenery of Kexiang, the appearance of unearthed cattle lying across the field, expressing people's expectations and yearning for a good harvest, and the earth cattle guard the boundless wilderness. Then the women's heads, with handmade colored swallows, at this time the real swallows have not yet returned on a large scale.
However, the women's heads have been displayed, especially the handmade swallow headdress, which is particularly eye-catching, expressing the mood and beauty of welcoming spring.
This other hometown plum blossom willow tree, a grand Spring Festival day, and in the Middle of the New Year Festival, Cao Song misses his hometown extraordinarily.
At this time in my hometown, it is also the beauty of early spring, and the countryside is full of spring breath.
The earth cow Yingchun was originally a folk custom, which was strengthened in the Song Dynasty. Song Renzong promulgated the "Earth Cow Sutra", making the earth cow spring cow, and whipping the spring cow became an important ceremony and content for the spring of LiChun.
This earth cow is no longer made of ordinary clay, because to transport it you also have to whip it. Spring cattle were made for the imperial palace, dozens of heads in size, for the emperor and concubines to whip in the spring. Spring cattle were also prepared in various provinces.
The parade of raising spring cattle is even more grand, because Lichun often opens the four gates of the city between the New Year's Festival, and all kinds of cows and crowds of people march in. People take pleasure in whipping spring cattle. It is called "playing spring".
"Your Highness struck the earth bull in a pompous manner, and the king Yu fought for a long time.
The insiders competed for the spring joy and seized the gold mud to reap their own harvests. Northern Song Dynasty · Wang Gui's "Palace Words, Ninety-Eight"
This is the beating of earth cattle in the court, and the cows made in the great palace are lined up, and the king watches the people in the inner court wielding colorful whips.
But to what extent is this earth cow going to fight? Either there are all kinds of small gifts for the spring in the belly of the cow, or there are all kinds of gifts that need to be obtained with some skill.
So later, the women of the court were happy to receive ornaments or gifts from the cattle.
This spring cow has become the most lively entertainment program.
Third, Haruhata Harukatsu is full of heads.
In fact, the custom of establishing a spring banner should have existed in ancient times. When the emperor celebrates spring and spring, there will always be a ceremony, and the flying flag or symbolic branches can be called spring flags.
We, a textile country, have the birth of textiles, and we will not be absent from sacrifice.
From the flying of the bunting flag to the small jewelry.
"The Spring Calendar Day is self-renewing.
The spring of the first lunar month must be at the bottom of the beard.
Fringed brocade tent hanging sachet.
Woven into a hidden light. "Xu Ling (Southern and Northern Dynasties) Excerpt from "Miscellaneous Songs"
This is the life of the women of the court of the Southern and Northern Dynasties who ushered in the spring. On this day of Lichun, everything must be renewed, so how to hang the New Year's Spring Banner?
Of course, it is impossible to know what the specific haruhata refers to here, but I certainly know that this is done for the purpose of welcoming the spring.
If it is large, it must be hung in the courtyard or indoors.
If it is small, it must be worn on the head or pinned to clothing. The pattern and color must be new, otherwise it will not reflect the beauty of "self-new"
The colored swallow worn on the head of the Tang Dynasty also belongs to the category of Xiao Chun hata Chunsheng.
However, large-scale wearing on the head was still in the Song Dynasty.
"The Han Palace festival is heavy in the years, and Baosheng welcomes the spring.
Without waiting for the east wind to blow, the scissors urged out the upper forest flowers. Northern Song Dynasty · Song Qi's "Yu at the North Gate When Every Spring Must Be Preceded by Spring Words in the Sogong Palace Ten Explanations Of the Present Day Day Block Sitting State Pavilion Retrospective Question Sequel Six Chapters"
This Song Qi saw the grand beauty of the palace Lichun.
He also said that this dynasty ushered in the spring and paid more attention to the beauty of materials. For example, everyone in the court has a spring hat on their head, and it is an oblique insertion. What does Harukatsu do?
It is a variety of beautiful flowers in the court that are cut with scissors and piled up.
This is the way to welcome spring in the way of human material resources.
Don't think that this is the patent of the court women, men should wear it even more, because men are the main force of this country, the son of heaven greets the spring with a grand scale, and the official's head naturally wears this special ornament for the spring.
To what extent was it luxurious and beautiful, given by the emperor himself, made of gold and silver silk, with exquisitely raised flower branches and tassels, and each official inserted it on the left side of his hat and hung down.
Luxurious and beautiful.
In the folk, there are all kinds of willow branches made of silver and white snow dotted with various swaying butterfly insects, as well as floating tassels, which is the common "snow willow noisy" in the Song Dynasty, from Lichun or even years ago to the sixteenth day of the first month.
In ancient China, the traditional New Year, New Year and Li Chun are inseparable, and the New Year is also the Spring Festival, of which the New Year's Bustle is pushed higher, forming another lively tide in the New Year River, and the New Year and the Spring Symphony form a spectacular festival.
Hatsuyoshi Katsuyuki interprets the love and beauty in the poems for you. Image from the web.