At the beginning of the 20th century, with the birth of cinema, cartoons also began to appear. In 1900, Brackton, a British immigrant working in Edison's laboratory, sketched cigars and bottles in chalk to shoot The Fantastic Picture, known as the "trick movie."
In 1906, he produced A Humorous Gesture of a Funny Face. The film is recognized as the world's first animated film. In 1907, he applied his animation skills to the film "Ghost Shop", which became a sensation. But at that time, people did not realize the artistic value of animation, and Brackton's attention was also invested in other aspects after this, and did not continue to develop in the animation industry.
Born on 5 January 1875 in Sheffield, England , Brackton ( an early American film director , screenwriter , actor , producer ) died in Hollywood on 13 August 1941. After going to the United States, he worked as a newspaper reporter, drew cartoons for newspaper publications, and opened a movie theater. In 1897, he and a few friends founded the Vittiggraf Company, both as an actor and as a director. Later, because he was too busy, he asked others to direct and served as an art director until he left the company in 1917. In the early 1920s, he went to the UK to direct several films, and during the Wall Street stock crisis, he went bankrupt and worked for other film companies until his death.
Brackton's contributions were:
(1) Since 1908, the "Real Life Scenes" series has been filmed. French film historian G. Sadur believes that these realistic films have put american film art on the path of real development. For the first time in these films, he used a close-up between a close-up and a medium-shot, which the French later called "American".
(2) Is one of the founders of animated films and the earliest animated film producer in the United States.
(3) Earlier, he directed comedies with 2 and 3 books.
(4) In 1915, the Film Trade Commission was created and chaired. He was also the publisher and editor of Film Magazine, one of America's earliest popular film publications. His main works include "Napoleon", "Washington", "Caesar" in 1909, "Society and Man" in 1910, "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "His New Stenographer", "The Battle Cry of Peace" in 1916, and "The Glory of a Nation" in 1917.
2. At the same time, many people think that Emile Cole's "Phantom Collection" is the first animation film, and the Frenchman Emil Cole is an important animation master.
Cole was also a well-known cartoonist, embracing a logicless philosophy, believing that madness, hallucinations, dreams, and nightmares were the source of artistic inspiration.
In 1908, Kohl produced his first film, The Phantom Collection. Many people think that this film is the first animated film. The film uses stop-motion techniques to represent changing images.
3. The first news animation film in film history, "The Sinking of the Lustania"
The great early animators were Winsor. Born on September 26, 1871 in Michigan, USA, Mackay painted posters for circuses and popular theaters in his early years, and later entered newspapers as a journalist and illustrator. And became a well-known comic book columnist. In 1911, he produced his first animated film. In 1914, his animated film Getty the Dinosaur was released, a successful film that arranged the story, characters, and live-action performances into an interactive plot. Subsequently, he produced the first animated documentary in the history of cinema, The Sinking of the Lustania.
It is based on a true wartime drama story in which the British Lustania was sunk by an enemy submarine and 1,198 passengers were buried on the ocean floor. He presented the tragic news events of that time on the stage one by one, especially the picture of thousands of people sinking into the sea and thousands of people falling into the sea when they were in the waves, and animated them, which made the audience very shocked. In order to recreate the scene at that time, he drew nearly 25,000 sketches, which was a pioneering achievement at the time.
In short, Ma Kai's efforts in developing multiple characters, combining story structure and popular fun, as well as suggesting the aesthetic style of the picture in the three-dimensional space, cannot be ignored; at the same time, he was also the first to develop the concept of full animation. And the route he opened up for animation with the professional quality of a cartoonist also heralded the advent of an American cartoon era.
4. The Ink Bottle Man, Max Freihill (1883–1972)
The 1916 short film "Ink Bottle Man" is an early american animation art short film, the director designed the relationship between the protagonist of the story Ink Bottle Man and the live-action painter into an interactive plot relationship, organically combining live-action and animation.
Max Freihill (1883–1972) invented the Rotoscope, a device that allowed continuous scenes of action to be transformed into frame-connected paintings. The movements from live-action movies can be traced on a celluloid tablet or paper. His Ink Bottle Man and Joker Coco, written from 1916 to 1929, were created using rotoscopes and animation techniques. In 1921 the Frehir brothers established their own studio, which remained until 1942, when it was the first studio in the United States and worldwide after Disney.
5. In 1919, the first cartoon image Philip cat was born.
In 1919, the Filicat made its debut in Cats' Farce under the tutelage of Ot Sullivan's Ottomesmeh.
The Popularity of the Felice was comparable to that of later Cartoon Characters from the Desnai Company, especially among the audience of intellectuals. And became the most popular cartoon star for 10 years thereafter. In addition, the peripheral products of the Filet cat, such as the filet toys, the filet records, the filet stickers... It was also welcomed by children, and a film sales model that continues to this day was established. The Philippe became the first cartoon character in the United States to become a commodity.
In 1914, the first studio specializing in animation also appeared in New York, and its founder was the Canadian Rao Barr. He developed techniques for cutting and tearing images to achieve layers in animation, and he also invented a management system for registering manuscripts.
6. The father of Russian animation, the earliest Russian cartoon: "Starevich"
Starevich, the founder of Russian animation, 1912: Starevich's series of works such as "Beautiful Lyukanida" and "Photographer's Revenge" created by Starevich, is the first artistic three-dimensional animation in the history of world animation film art.
In 1920 he moved to France to continue to produce physical animation, and in 1923 he produced the physical animation "Frog Country" frame by frame.
Photographer's Revenge. It is an animated film shot in a frame-by-frame manner, using embalmed beetles as the subject.
7. Founder of the "Dada Doctrine": Hans Richter
A painter, scholar, writer and film writer. Originally a Dadaist painter, he began to make films in the 1910s and was one of the leading avant-garde filmmakers
Hans Richter produced three short films from 1920 to 1925: Rhythm 21, Rhythm 23, and Rhythm 25. Through the hidden and flying squares and triangles, try to create a pure visual sense of musical rhythm. However, because the film is too experimental and the production is too rough, it is difficult to win the audience's favor. In fact, this idea is the same as Disney's "Fantasia" - but americans are very smart, know how to compromise, and know how to talk about Mickey Mouse when they are experimenting with "music visualization, visual musicalization", so they are both applauded and applauded; the Germans are too aggressive.
8. The Birth of the First Sound Animation (1928)
The world-famous Mickey Mouse is the most famous animated character drawn by American animation master Disney, Waltell Iris (1901-1966).
It was born on November 18, 1928, the day the first sound cartoon (the first sound cartoon with simultaneous sound and picture), the William Motorboat, was first released.
9. The world's first color animation "Flowers and Trees" in 1932
In 1931, the Tenikoler Company invented a color film shooting technique. Walt began to think about shooting color animations. Using this technique, on July 30, 1932, the world's first color animation "Flowers and Trees" was launched.
10. The godfather of Canadian animation - Norman McLaren
Real animation artist, experimental animator. He shot nearly sixty animated short films in his lifetime, won 147 international animation awards, and led the Animation Department of the National Film Board of Canada to create amazing brilliance.
In the 1910s and 1950s, television animation appeared
Television, an emerging medium, has brought new life to animation production. In 1950, the total number of televisions in the United States reached fifteen million, in 1951, color television went on the market, and in 1954, twenty-nine million households in the United States owned television, all of which meant the advent of the television era
In 1953, Warner produced The Tale of Gumby, directed by Art Croggy, and GUMBY made his first appearance. By 1957, the animated television series had become NBC's number one. Warner's animation began the era of television.