The Yuanyang Hani people plant seedlings after the "opening of the rice gate" ceremony.
Dai women returning from grass fighting.
Luoping canola flowers bloom.
A small flower with white petals and yellow buds appears frequently on the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (hereinafter referred to as "COP15").
On October 11, COP15 kicked off with 32 Yi youths singing "Sea Vegetable Cavity". The unpolished, naturally clear, free and cheerful voice that pierces through the clouds, like a mountain wind, blows into people's hearts, letting the world know the sea vegetable cavity in the south of the clouds and the amazing beauty of the sea cauliflower.
The sea cauliflower, which is only accompanied by the clean and clear water of the lake, has extremely high water quality requirements and is a unique plant in China. In July 1984, it was included in China's "List of Rare and Endangered Protected Plants". In Yilong Lake in Shiping County, Yunnan, Lugu Lake in Ninglang County, and Erhai In Dali, this rhizome is grown with emerald green and slender roots, and the small white flowers on the head have a faint fragrance of aquatic plants, and the local people eat it as an ecological vegetable.
"Don't learn duckweed to float around the world, you have to learn the roots of sea vegetables." Ancestors living in Shiping County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, once fished or picked sea vegetables in Yilong Lake, singing while rocking a paddle. Sea vegetables have been sung for hundreds of years, and the long melody is as slender and soft as sea vegetables. It stretches and loops, can be sung with the ancient gods, and can also spread to the future.
On October 11, the imposing Hani Rice Terraces also appeared on the big screen of the opening ceremony of COP15. Shi Xiaoyue, a Hani college student at Yunnan Academy of Arts, introduced the rice cultivation culture of the Hani Rice Terraces to the world on behalf of the youth of Yunnan.
In Yuanyang, from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain of more than 2,000 meters, there are 190,000 acres of terraced fields. For more than 1,300 years, the Hani people have created the miracle of "how high are the mountains, how high are the waters, and how high the fields are". In June 2013, the Yuanyang Hani Rice Terrace was inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List, the first World Heritage Site in China to be named after a nation.
The circulating ecosystem of "four element isomorphisms" of forests, villages, terraces and water systems has avoided soil erosion that often occurs in the Ailao Mountains, and has cultivated more than 100 different rice varieties, which has become the gene bank of rice. The mushroom house where the Hani people have lived for generations revolves around the terraces, and hundreds of species of wild animals such as quercus, dong palm, vine bamboo, and longan, as well as hundreds of wild animals such as lorises, pangolins, and owls, also live around the terraces.
"In the way of nature, nourish the life of nature." In the view of Pei Shengji, a researcher at the Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in the hearts of indigenous people, forests and mountains are "not only the concept of gods, but also the concept of environmental protection", and "the relationship between man and nature coexists, which permeates their lives." ”
Pei Shengji and Mr. Cai Xitao established China's first tropical plant research base in Xishuangbanna, xishuangbanna tropical botanical garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Pei Shengji spent more than 20 years living with the Dai people of Xishuangbanna. He saw that the Dai regarded the forest as "the god of the village.". "Only when there is forest can there be water, only when there is water can there be fields, only when there is field can there be grain, and only when there is grain can there be people."
In Manyuan Village, Menghan Town, Jinghong City, "no wanton felling of trees and no destruction of the environment of The Sacred Mountain (sacred mountain or sacred forest - reporter's note) was written into the village rules and regulations. Under the protection of the villagers for generations, there are more than 120 kinds of rare and endangered plants, such as the Heavenly Tree, poisoned arrow wood, dragon fruit, fragrant sticky bamboo, etc., as well as 10 wild mango trees that are more than 100 years old. These folk ecological wisdoms provide experience for contemporary researchers to carry out ex situ conservation, breeding and Dai medicine research on rainforest plants.
In more than 60 villages in northwest Yunnan, Yang Fuquan, a researcher at the Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences, found that biodiversity contributes to the diversity of ethnic cultures, and the accumulation of traditional knowledge in township rules and ecological wisdom promotes ecological protection and sustainable use of resources.
Walking in the misty mountains of Labo Township, Ninglang County, Lijiang, Yang Fuquan saw a sight he had never imagined: a wild and desolate forest, endless.
"After the state implemented the policy of protecting natural forests in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and returning farmland to forests, deforestation was controlled, but it will take decades or even centuries for both sides of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to return to their original state of dense forest." Yang Fuquan said: "The forest coverage rate of Labo Township has reached 79% and most of them are primary forests, including more than 32,000 yew trees that are national first-class protected plants. ”
Because of its high medicinal value, yew trees were once cut down and logged in northwest Yunnan, but in Labo Township, which was extremely difficult to finance, not only did it keep this yew tree, but also registered it all.
Every June, In the hinterland of the "Three Parallel Rivers", Laojun Mountain in Lijiang is full of purple, white and pink azaleas, surrounded by the clear Ninety-Nine Dragon Pond, and people who come to marvel at "the blessed land of the world" given by this heaven and earth.
For this beautiful scenery is the Jiuhe Township of Yulong County.
In 2009, with the support of the Beijing Sunshine Institute for Environment and Development, the Jiuhe Township Government implemented a project called "Three Lives win-win" at the Heyuan Village Committee.
The project has established a natural protected area with the community as the main body, formulated a mountain closure protection regulation signed by all villagers, and strictly prohibited the cutting down of trees, the mining of wild medicinal materials, the hunting of wild animals, the reclamation of land, etc.; at the same time, the establishment of village banks, the establishment of village mutual aid funds, in the financial support of villagers, so that villagers learn to manage money, learn self-management, self-supervision, improve survival. If there is deforestation, they will be restricted from participating in the loan of the village bank, or even no longer enjoy any foreign aid projects, and fined more than 200 yuan.
In the view of Guo Jing, a researcher at the Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences, "Villagers are part of the mountain, part of the forest, owner and protector of resources." Without the cooperation of the villagers, outsiders could not protect even a tree or a bird. ”
Guo Jing has a collection of lions, sheep, golden snub-nosed monkeys, tigers, rabbits and other animals in the album, all painted by villagers in Yubeng Village, Deqin County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan.
Although the villagers complained that bears, red deer, monkeys, rabbits and other animals caused them trouble and hoped to get compensation, their evaluation of animals was more respectful and aesthetic.
For example, they put the lion that does not exist on the snowy mountain first among all animals, believing that "the lion is the symbol of the snowy mountain, without which there is no glacier"; at the same time, "without baoshan there are no red deer and tigers"; monkeys eat grain and pull wheat, but it is "the embodiment of man"; rabbits eat barley seedlings, but "walking in the forest is very beautiful".
"The beauty of animals is exhausted by them." Guo Jing said that the belief in the sacred mountain has played a decisive influence on the villagers' animal concepts, and their understanding of the environment, mountains, forests, and the earth is interrelated with their understanding of life. The environment in which life is conceived is interdependent, just as a mother and a child depend on each other.
"When I saw the snowy mountains, I had a touch on the word homeland." Guo Jing said.
For 10 years, Guo Jing did fieldwork in Kawagebo (known to outsiders as Meili Snow Mountain - Reporter's Note) in Deqin County, and wrote more than 500,000 words of "Book of Snow Mountain" in 4 years, presenting the beneficial role of the sacred mountain culture and folk traditional culture in the natural protection of the Kawagebo area in the form of oral history and survey notes.
"The basic point of this book is that we actually need to be based on the participation of local people to do environmental protection, and we need to understand how they see the environment, not just how we outsiders see the environment." In Guo Jing's view, "Dashan is not only their food and clothing parents, but also the object of thought and life." ”
"Only by being with the locals can we truly understand what ecological civilization and landscape culture are." They are presented to you alive. Guo Jing said.
China Youth Daily, China Youth Daily reporter Zhang Wenling Wen and photo Source: China Youth Daily ( October 15, 2021 05 edition)
Source: China Youth Daily