Normal people's blood is in a smooth flowing state, ensuring the supply of oxygen and energy to various tissues.
If fibrin and the blood form a clot together, forming a lump, it will cause partial blockage of the heart or blood vessels, forming a blood clot.
Thrombosis can partially or completely block blood flow, resulting in insufficient blood supply in some distal areas, resulting in severe pain, significant swelling, and even inability to walk;
If the blood clot falls off the wall of the blood vessel, the blood to the capillaries will cause complete obstruction, resulting in symptoms such as cerebral embolism, pulmonary embolism, and myocardial infarction.
It can be said that blood clots are extremely harmful, so why do blood clots form, who is prone to blood clots, and how to prevent blood clots?
1. The mechanism of thrombosis
Relevant studies have shown that thrombosis is related to the following three major factors, namely vascular endothelial cell damage, or decreased antithrombotic function and other vascular wall changes;
Platelet hyperactivation, activation of coagulation factors, increased coagulation components in the blood due to fibrin formation, and changes in blood flow status such as vortex formation, slow speed, or stagnation.
Usually, after the blood vessel wall is damaged, collagen exposure leads to eventually platelet aggregation and adhesion, activates the coagulation system in the body, and forms a blood clot.
Understanding the mechanism of thrombosis, we will focus on which of the following people are susceptible to thrombosis?
2. The following types of people are prone to blood clots
People with hereditary thrombophilia, such people because of genetic reasons, born antithrombin defects, protein fibrinolytic system function is not good, it can be said that their own blood itself is in a state of hypercoagulability, it is easy to get thrombosis.
Secondly, patients with certain immune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, immune nephropathy, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, malignant tumors and other diseases, are prone to blood clots.
Secondly, surgical or traumatic patients. Surgical and traumatic patients, including those with recently hot catheter interventional thrombosis, are due to the release of coagulation-related substances during the process, plus because of surgery, trauma, or interventional therapy;
Patients have to be immobilized for a long time, affecting the muscles to promote venous return, resulting in susceptibility to various types of venous thrombosis.
Again, it is an elderly patient. As these patients get older, their own blood flow slows down. Coupled with the accumulation of fatty substances in the past, the blood is more viscous and easy to develop blood clots.
Finally, there are patients with certain chronic diseases, such as patients with hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, etc. In such patients, vascular pressure and blood status are persistently abnormal, and it is easy to damage vascular endothelial cells and develop thrombotic diseases.
In addition to the above categories of people, those who smoke or are sedentary are also prone to blood clots.
3. Tips to prevent blood clots
The main techniques for preventing blood clots are as follows. The first is more exercise, using muscle activity to promote blood flow rate and reduce blood clots. The second is to drink more water when the body allows, especially in the hot summer to supplement the water to avoid blood too viscous and induce blood clots.
Again, for those patients whose blood itself is in a state of hypercoagulability, they can take some anticoagulant drugs according to the doctor's instructions, and follow the doctor's instructions to do relevant blood tests. Finally, it is necessary to quit smoking and limit alcohol, eat a light diet, and also prevent blood clots very well.
Thrombosis is an emboli formed by blood agglutination, which can partially or completely block blood vessels, causing cerebral embolism, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, heartache, breathing difficulties and other symptoms, and when severe, people will die.
Therefore, for patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, trauma surgery catheterization intervention, as well as patients with hereditary thrombophilia, and patients with immune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and malignant tumors, and elderly people, we must be vigilant to prevent thrombosis.
Especially for those who have more than ten years of hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease and other old patients, we must be more vigilant, if necessary, go to the hospital to check blood indicators, and vascular physical examination, in daily life should also exercise more, quit smoking and alcohol, to ensure that they are away from thrombotic diseases.