Listen to a king's words, as if listening to a seat;
As the saying goes: as the saying goes;
The greater the ability, the greater the ability;
But if you have a little truth in what you say, you will not have no reason at all. ......
After "Versailles literature", "nonsense literature" has arisen on the Internet. Nonsense literature, there are words that are not good to say, it seems that it is not said, but joy is real joy.
On the Bilibili website, videos titled Nonsense Literature Tutorials flew up and got as many views as five million. "Most of the Chinese, the last time it was double eleven or the last time, the next time it was double eleven, it will be the next time." Last year's Tmall Double Eleven conference video, also hitchhiking "nonsense literature".
To tell the truth, "nonsense literature" is just a joke and does not constitute literature. The witty words are ironic, parodying the bluff of some current streaming media content and the hollowness of the lines of film and television dramas.
What does "nonsense literature" mean? Mr. Zhu Ziqing said in "On Nonsense": "We have to have a little nonsense to live interestingly." In Zhou Xingchi's movie "Journey to the West", Tang Monk's broken thoughts simply circled Liang for three days: "You want it!" Goku, if you want it, you can talk, you don't say what you want me to know if you really want it..." This kind of talk, expensive and not wasted, can also be called nonsense, called poor mouth, called pulling, not annoying.
Tang monk in Zhou Xingchi's movie "Journey to the West"
From the perspective of sentence form, "nonsense literature" belongs to the linguistic synonymous repetition. Homophony refers to the repetition of the same ingredient in the same sentence, ostensibly constituting a repetition of form and meaning.
Repeated repetition of the same phrase is not necessarily a sick sentence, such as Confucius said", "To know is to know, not to know is not to know", Mencius said "Er is Er, I am for me". The world is both infinite and finite, which is the antithesis of the two laws of Kant's philosophy. Wang Yan, the son of the famous Xiang Wang Anshi, was a logic ghost at a very young age. A guest presented a deer to Wang Anshi and asked Wang Yun, "What is a roe deer?" What is a deer? Wang Yun thought for a long time and replied, "The roe deer is a deer, and the deer edger is a roe deer." ("Inker Swings the Rhinoceros")
"In my back garden, I can see two trees outside the wall, one is a jujube tree, and the other is also a jujube tree", the discussion of nonsense literature is often used as an example of this sentence in Mr. Lu Xun's "Autumn Night".
Lu Xun studied in Japan, the Japanese language is excellent, translated Japanese novels, but also wrote novels in Japanese, the creation of inevitable traces of Japanese language law. Japanese often has the same sentence pattern repeatedly. Many of the sentence structures in Weeds are similar to Japanese sentences. However, Lu Xun has said that Japanese is very "graceful" and has also complained that Japanese is very "tired".
In literature, there are often repetitions of the same language. In Wang Xiaobo's novel "My Yin and Yang Two Worlds", "Mr. Li said that since the beginning of creation, there have been two kinds of people in the world, one is a person like us, and the other is not a person like us. ”
The big discussion about nonsense on the internet began 10 years ago. In 2001, Wu Qing, Yang Li and other Chengdu poets set up the "Eraser" website, advocating "nonsense writing". "The white clouds in the sky are really white / Really, very white / very white / very very very white / extremely white / Thief white / Simply white / Ah." Wu Qing's poem "Praise to the White Clouds" is a representative, and the benevolent see the benevolent.
The phrase "right nonsense" is common, but it doesn't make sense. Nonsense is wrong, how can it be correct? In the sixth season of "Strange Story", there is a debate: "Is there a need to say the right nonsense". There is a big problem with the debate, there is no need to say nonsense, is it necessary to say or nonsense? It's really about getting people to talk about "Is the right crap nonsense?" This became a "white horse is not a horse" logic problem. During the Warring States period, a Song dynasty man named Er said that he was good at debating white horses rather than horses, and it was difficult to meet the enemy. Er said that he wanted to leave the country of Qi, ride a white horse across the border, ride a horse to pay taxes on the horse, he and the people guarding the customs said "white horses are not horses", the guards of the customs soldiers sword and gun, don't talk nonsense, pay money. Han Feizi commented: No matter how much sophistry, you still have to pay taxes.
One of the debates in the sixth season of "Strange Story"
"Same phrase" should be deleted?
In general, conciseness is advocated in writing. In ancient times, sentences were not concise, called tired sentences; words were not concise, called wu words; words were not concise, called verbose words.
In the early Qing Dynasty, Wang Shichen gave two examples of "minimalism" in the "Miscellaneous Records of Gufu Yuting": first, someone asked Su Dongpo to name his own bamboo Xuan, and the book plaque was sent back, with only the word "Zhuxuan" on it; the second was that Wang Shichen entered Shu, visited the Wuhou Temple, and saw a list with only the words "Xiang Xiang Ancestral Hall". "Yu sighed deeply, its elegance, and it could not be moved."
The Southern Dynasty Liang poet Wang Bi has a poem "The cicadas are noisy in the forest, and the birds are singing in the mountains", and Wang Anshi had to add drama when writing poems: "A bird does not sing the mountain is more quiet." This "bird does not chirp" has become the groove point of his life.
The way to simplify is naturally to do subtraction. The "History of Zhang Cang" has the sentence "There is no teeth in the mouth of the old man", and Liu Zhi's "Shi Stone" of the Tang Dynasty advocates simplifying it to "old toothless". The Qing Dynasty scholar Wei Jirui disagreed: "The ancient text, there are tired sentences, astringent sentences, and non-formed sentences and do not change, not can not change also, change or hurt the temperament, so it is better to preserve its nature." The name of the post of the failure of the pen, the guqin of the still scorched tail is also. ”
Poetry is not as simple as possible. Liu Yuxi's poem said: "In the old days, Wang Xie Tang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people. The magic lies in the word "old" and the word "ordinary". The "Four Ming Poems" says that it may be refined into "Wang XieTang Qianyan, now the home of the people". The Qing Dynasty scholar He Wenhuan commented that "pointing gold into iron".
"Wenxin Carved Dragon" said: "The same words and heavy sentences, Wen Zhi Warts are also redundant." "The same word is repeated, that is, the same language is repeated. The rhetoric is repetitive, and it is known by the ancients as the "stacked bed frame house".
The History of Laughter in Ancient and Modern Times contains two "repetitive poems". A song of the lone monk: "A lone monk returns alone, closes the door and closes the door to cover the firewood." In the middle of the night, the cuckoo xie leopard rules. A song of old Confucianism: "Xiucai Xuebo is a student, good to sleep and snoring only love to sleep." Shallow and desolate, there is no scholarship, and the dragon bell decays in the high years. ”
There is also a repetition called mouth twisting. Zhang Zongchang is a big old man, but he is good at composing poetry, "Look at the big stone mountain from a distance, and look at the stone mountain from close." The stone mountain is really big, and the big stone mountain is indeed big. Netizens quipped that in the warlord circles of the Republic of China, his poems are a mudslide.
Ma Yu, one of the seven sons of Quanzhen, filled in a poem "Huan Xi Sha", and did not know how to classify it: "Pure and pure, clear and clear Eternal and strong, everlasting, clear and clear, the spirit appears and manifests the spirit.". Like the "Ping Ping Ping" Xiu Xian version?
It's concise and measured. Deliberately seeking simplicity will make the article clear and watery. There are 305 poems in the Book of Poetry, which were originally lyrics for music, and the typical structure is repetition of chapters. Fei Xihuan of the Qing Dynasty said: "The Han people do not think that they are sick. Since the stacking of bed frame houses, the poetry and literature are thin and tasteless. ”
The full text of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching is more than 5,000 words, and the word "Tao" appears 73 times. Huang Xia's "Dao" written for the movie "Ghost of Qiannu", the lyrics are 374 words, and there are 103 "Dao" characters. So many "Tao" words, but they don't seem to be nagging.
In the Han Dynasty, there is a "Song of Dong Escape", which satirizes Dong Zhuo's blackmail of Emperor Xian of Han to move the capital to Luoyang, "Chengle Shi, Dong Escape; You Siguo, Dong Escape." Meng Tian'en, Dong escape; with Jin Zi, Dong escapes. Line thanksgiving, Dong escapes; the whole vehicle rides, Dong escapes. Wanting to make a fuss, Dong fled; with Zhongci, Dong fled. Out of the West Gate, Dong fled; Zhan Palace, Dong fled. Looking at the capital city, Dong fled; day and night, Dong fled; heartbroken, Dong fled. Dong Zhuo wanted to change Dong's escape to "Dong An", and then used severe punishment to ban him, implicating thousands of people. This is really a leisurely mouth, complaining, Dong fled Dong fled, there is no way and no way.
To study literature and history, you must also study mathematics
Qianlong Zeng Yongxue: "One piece of two pieces of three or four pieces, three pieces of four pieces of five or six pieces." Seven pieces of eight pieces of ninety pieces", unable to think of the last sentence, Ji Xiaolan added a sentence :"Flying into the plum blossom (also said reed flower) is not seen." There are many versions of this matter, and it is said in the "Qing Barnyard Banknotes" that it is Kangxi and Shen Deqian.
Ancient digital poems, the best works must mention the Song Dynasty Shao Kangjie's "Mountain Village": "One to two or three miles, four or five tobacco villages, six or seven pavilions, eight or ninety flowers." "Math is good and helpful for writing poetry.
Su Shi has a poem: "There is nothing to do here and sit quietly, one day is like two days." If you live seventy years, you are one hundred and fourteen. Later, someone made a "magic change": "Nothing about this game, one day is like three days." If you live seventy years, you are two hundred and one. Multiplication is not addictive, and try to do division: "Many things and this labor, every day is like a moment." He lived ninety-nine, not a day. "Poetry is good or bad, mathematics is really good. Thinking of Yue Yunpeng's "Song of the Five Rings", everyone writes poems and songs, all of which are taught by math teachers? Mathematics is not good, writing poetry is Zhu Yuanzhang's style: "The chicken screams a pinch, the chicken calls two pouts." ”
In 2006, Zhao Lihua's "pear blossom body" was hotly discussed for a while, and she wrote a poem "I finally found it under a tree": "One ant, another ant, a group of ants / Maybe more ants." Personal opinion, digital poetry is difficult to write, and writing it poorly will be like counting sheep.
Say important things three times, explaining why you have to count to three. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended Mount Song, and the secretary of the Han Dynasty "heard the three who lived the three who were officials at the temple". "Long live long live long live" shouted for thousands of years, but why long live long live? From here, I know that it is imitating the echoes of the mountains.
History can be a mathematical problem. There is a hot question on the website: "Warring States Seven Heroes, why did the Qin State only destroy six countries?" The question seems nonsense, but the answer is worth adding a chicken leg: "The Qin State clearly destroyed the Qin State." The qin of the clan, qin also, not the world also. For details, see "A Fang Gong Fu".
Is the "One" also useful?
In Su Dongpo's poems, he loves to use "my life is like sending ears" to open the mode of self-repetition. This sentence can be found in 9 examples in the extant Su poems, such as "My life is like a sending ear, and it is not early to calculate the loss." ("Zhang Tianji, a man who crossed the Yunlong Mountain") "My life is like a sending ear, and I don't choose what to do at first." "My life is like an ear, what is a blessing." ("And Wang Jinqing, And Narration") always wanted to echo Mr. Wang's sentence, "I was born like an ear, I didn't know that there was SF." ”
In the ancient text, the auxiliary words of the tone are inseparable from "Zhi Hu Also" and "Eryi Ya". Ouyang Xiu wrote "Drunken Pavilion Record", someone saw the original manuscript of this article, the beginning of the book used more than ten words to say the mountain of Chuzhou, and then all changed the circle, leaving only five words "around the Chu Mountains also", straight to the point. Ouyang Xiu wrote "The Tale of drunken Pavilion", and 21 "alsos" were used for the first time. Huang Tingjian felt that the "Drunken Pavilion" still had the possibility of pruning, filled in a song "Ruihe Xian", and made the "Drunken Pavilion" shorthand, using only 12 also. The problem is that a cut down, the finishing touch of "the drunkard's intention is not in the wine" has also been deleted.
Around the beginning of the Song Dynasty, children would write "Shang Da Ren, Qiu Yi Ji." Three thousand, seventy. Er Xiaosheng, eight or nine sons. Good work benevolence, know the etiquette. "Qiu Yiji" is also Kong Yiji, Lu Xun's "more than ya, not much" Kong Yiji, the name is how it came from. Zhu Yunming of the Ming Dynasty examined in the notebook novel "Obscene Talk" that these eight sentences are still missing the word "also", which is a family letter written in the tone of Confucius, which should be broken as "Lord Shang, Qiu Yiji." Three thousand and seventy shir. Xiaosheng Eight or Nine Sons Jia, Zuo Ren, can know The Ceremony also. ”
The Yuanqu has a tune named "Nagging Order", such as Guan Hanqing's "Dou E'er Grievance": "If you are afraid, you are afraid of being seen by my mother-in-law in the front street, and you will kill him in vain. "Brother Also" is also a mood aid, used for word count.
"The one who cares" is not nonsense is not easy to say, throughout the ages, the sarcastic literati are pedantic, and the "people who care" also have a lot of backs. In the "Records of Shao's Observations and Heards", it is recorded that the Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin dengMingde Gate (a suzaku gate), pointing to the door list and asking Zhao Pu: "The door of Mingde, the word ann use?" Zhao Pu said, "Yusuke." Zhao Kuangyin was dismissive: "What can you help?" ”
Liang Zhangju said in his "Zhiyi Cong" that an examiner in the early Qing Dynasty took "Ancient People, Ancient People" as the title of "Ancient People" to examine Xiucai, and did not note He Shu and He Zhang. A Xiucai named Li Wengu asked the examiner in person: "There are two places in Mencius: 'Ancient people, ancient people'. I don't know if the person born by the grandmaster is the person who said in the previous sentence 'The ancient man is the ancient man', or the next sentence 'The ancient man is the ancient man'? If it is the previous sentence 'the ancient man is the ancient man', the student is good to do the previous sentence 'the ancient man is the ancient man', if the next sentence is 'the ancient man is the ancient man', the student is good to do the next sentence 'the ancient man is the ancient man'. If the previous sentence 'the ancient man is the ancient man' and the next sentence is 'the ancient man is the ancient man'; or the next sentence 'the ancient man is the ancient man', and the previous sentence is 'the ancient man is the ancient man', then the title of 'the ancient man and the ancient man' given by the grandmaster is wrong. Dare to please..." The examiner could not say the last sentence clearly, and his face was red: I can't help you.
(Ming) Wen Zhengming 《Drunken Pavilion 記》
Talking nonsense is often deliberate
In the TV series, the iron triangle relationship between Qianlong, He Yan and Ji Xiaolan is just a joke. Historically, such a drama of kings and courtiers was Qi Jinggong, Liang Qiuzhao and Yan Bao. In the "Left Biography", Yan Bao used a metaphor similar to "ruling a big country like cooking a small fresh", and qi Jinggong analyzed the necessity of the minister to contradict the monarch, and sued Liang Qiu that he would only be a response worm. "According to the present (LiangQiu according to the evidence), the so-called can be, and the king's so-called no, according to the evidence is also known as no. If water is used for water, who can eat it? If The One is the one, who can listen? ”
Being a "water friend" depends on the hearts and minds of those in power. Direct advice is good, but the risk is too great. Advice is a university question. "Touching the Dragon Says Empress Zhao" is a famous passage in the "Warring States Policy", and zuo shi touched the dragon to advise Empress Zhao, first of all, dora homely, asked about food and living, and then nagged her children about their homely routines, and begged the empress dowager to arrange work for his son. Slowly, she entered the theme and advised Empress Zhao to make long-term plans for her children.
Greetings are not nonsense, meet and ask "have you eaten" effectively, ask "raw?" "It's not good. According to the "New Language of the World", Sima Rui, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, gave birth to a prince and rewarded his subjects. The chancellor Yin Hongqiao pretended to be modest: "The emperor has a son, the whole world celebrates, I have no merit, and I am ashamed to receive a generous gift." Sima Rui smiled: "I give birth to a child, what credit can you have?" Sima Rui must have laughed.
Sima Hui, a famous scholar at the end of the Han Dynasty, did not talk about short people. Talking to others, only shouting, "Mr. Good" is talking about him. Someone asked him, "Is it Okay?" He replied, "Good." Someone said that Chen's son was dead, and he replied, "Great." His wife rebuked him: "Men are virtuous, so they tell him, how can they hear of the death of the Son of Man, but they are also good?" He replied, "It's good too." "Sima Hui and his people are by no means unscrupulous people, and there should be hidden intentions in doing so. In the movie "Princess Sissi", Archduke Franz Karl pretends to be behind his ear is funny, and when others say anything, he only says that it is fantastic. The Grand Duke told Sissi that just for others to talk less nonsense to him, he also had less nonsense to people. Everyone says hello and says "hello", is that how it came about?
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Bao Zhao and Yu Xin, one south and one north, wencai and "Bao Yu". When Emperor Xiaowu of Song ascended the throne, Liu Jun loved to write articles and considered himself the first in the world, and from then on Bao Zhao "spoke a lot of contempt for articles", and everyone thought he was finished. Talking nonsense has become a means of self-preservation for officials, and the history books call it "self-obscurity and ability." Coincidentally, the Wang monk of the Langya Wang clan was a calligrapher, and Liu Jun was in the dynasty, and he did not dare to write with a good brush (often used to write with a clumsy pen).
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Yan Zhitui rebuked the Confucians at that time, asking a question that often had to answer hundreds of sentences, but could not get the gist: "The doctor wants to buy a donkey, and the deed coupon writes three pieces of paper, but he does not say the word donkey." Lu You's "Title Zhai Bi": "The grass is endowed with ten thousand words that are straight water, and there is no donkey in the three papers of the text." "The problem with three papers without donkeys is to digress. The story of Ru Taisu in the Ming Dynasty was always used as an example of talking off-topic, which is really a strange injustice throughout the ages. The chief of the Ming Dynasty's Punishment Department, Ru Taisu, wrote a book of tens of thousands of words, Zhu Yuanzhang asked people to read it, half of it was read, and the song said in the song shu that "a man of talent, there is no one who has survived for several years, and now he is appointed as a pedantic Confucian official", Zhu Yuanzhang was furious, "Summoning Taisu to face and question, staff in the dynasty". The next night, he was read to him again, and after listening to the sigh: "Taisu Chen, more than five hundred words can be heard." "Ru Tai Su is too much nonsense to cause trouble? No, it means that Zhu Yuanzhang killed too many people. The truth was thus deleted as nonsense. (Editor-in-Charge: Shen Feng)