Jia Qingfeng, Song Huiming, Zheng Xikun: Research on the connotation and characteristics of traditional Chinese ice and snow sports culture

Author: Jia Qingfeng, Song Huiming, Zheng Xikun

Source: Sports Science and Technology Literature Bulletin, No. 11, 2021

Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics

introduction

The traditional ice and snow sports culture of the mainland has a long history and is broad and profound, and the evolution of the traditional ice and snow sports culture is the crystallization of the wisdom and willpower of the ancient working people of the mainland, and it is also the expression of the people of the mainland who have adapted to nature, resisted foreign invasions and loved life. Since the mainland won the right to host the 2022 Winter Olympics in 2015, ice and snow sports projects have received attention from all walks of life, and the state has also implemented a series of policies to encourage more people to participate in ice and snow sports. This era is undoubtedly the best time to promote snow sports. On the whole, modern ice and snow sports are becoming increasingly popular in China, but the development of local ice and snow sports projects in the mainland is not optimistic. Chinese civilization has a long history, which has created a strong cultural foundation for traditional ice and snow sports on the mainland, but the changes of the times have degraded or even dissolved some traditional ice and snow sports. The traditional ice and snow sports culture of the mainland implies the excellent qualities of the northern peoples of the mainland and is part of the excellent traditional culture of the mainland. Therefore, by analyzing the unique connotation of China's traditional ice and snow sports culture and summarizing cultural characteristics, it is of great significance to improve the self-confidence of traditional ice and snow culture, and to show the charm of the mainland's traditional ice and snow sports culture to people around the world with the help of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.

1 The connotation of traditional Chinese ice and snow sports culture

1.1 Promote production: take wood as a horse, ice and snow chase deer

There are many opinions about the origins of ice and snow sports, but the murals found in Altay City, Xinjiang, show the content of ancient ski hunting, which is the earliest known prototype of skiing in the world. In the late Paleolithic period, hunting was one of the important sources of food because humans had not yet entered the agricultural era. Winter arrives, the ice and snow, and the harsh natural environment bring challenges to hunting. In order to be able to adapt to the natural environment and continue to survive, "snow hunting" came into being, and there was a scene on the rock wall that "painted many animal figures and skiers' image line graphics, and several images of skiers on snowboards and holding single poles are vivid", which not only provides a basis for the origin of skiing, but also the earliest embodiment of skiing to promote the production of human society.

In the pre-Qin period, the "Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Classic of Hai Nei" appeared in the earliest written records of human activities on the snow, that is, "there is a country of keeping an eye on the spirit, and its people have hair from below the poop, and the horseshoe is good at walking." Secondly, in the Poems Containing Divine Fog, "the horse tramples itself and tramples itself, traveling three hundred miles a day." According to the Wei Luo, "Beiding Ling has a horse shin country, its voice is like a goose, hair below the knee, the shin of the horse, not riding a horse, but walking fast." These records also confirm the fact that the ancient people of the mainland were active on the snow. Some scholars believe that the "Lingguo" is in the Altay region of Xinjiang in the mainland, and the "horseshoe" recorded in its book is related to the altay people's horse-wrapped skis today. In addition, the description of keywords such as "horseshoe good walking", "three hundred miles a day", and "walking fast" can be understood as a whole as follows: the spirit of the spirit people skiing, the speed is relatively fast, and it can be hundreds of miles per day. In the environment at that time, skiing as a mode of transportation brought convenience to people to travel, and improved the speed of pursuing prey during hunting, thereby improving social productivity.

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, skiing was still one of the important ways to promote production, which was reflected in both transportation and hunting. In terms of transportation, the Sui Shu Murong Wei Biography records: "The Eleventh Day of the North Room Wei journey from the South Room Wei to the North Room Wei ,...... The climate is the coldest, with deep snow and no horses. ...... The ground is full of snow, afraid of sinking into the pits, riding on wood. It can be understood that the weather in the North Roomway area is harsh, the snow can cover the horses, and in order to prevent falling into the pit, people "ride on wood". It can be seen from this that the use of snow appliances brought great convenience to people's outings and transportation at that time. In terms of snow hunting, it is recorded in the Literature Examination: "Bashimi was a cheater, and Sui Shiyan ... The country is snowy, with wood as a horse, chasing deer on the snow. Its shape is like a rafter and the head is high, and under it is a horse-skin sweater, making the hair slippery with snow. If a samsaka walks through a deer, if he walks on the snow on the ground, he walks like a boat with a staff; if he walks on the ground with a staff, he walks like a boat; and if he goes up with his hand, he climbs with his hand. From this record, it can not only be seen that the snow hunting technology in the "maladministing country" at that time was relatively mature, the speed of pursuing prey was very fast, and the social production efficiency was improved, but also it can be seen that the ski equipment at that time was relatively complete, similar to modern ski equipment, which was characterized by: the skis were like "squirrels", the head was high and cocked, wrapped in horse skin smooth hair, and there were ski poles piercing the ground. In addition, the Description of the Tang Dynasty poet Du Xunhe in the poem "Wild Old Prayer God Crow Noisy Temple, Hunter Rushing Snow Deer Shocking Forest" vividly shows the scene of hunters hunting in the snow at that time. Since the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the scene of ice hunting by ethnic minorities in the north of the mainland has also been recorded, such as in the New Book of Tang "Under the Uighurs": "Pulling wild ancient one is pulling wild solid,...... The common habit of hunting and shooting, less ploughing, riding wood to chase deer on the ice. "It can be seen from the data that the Banogu people like to hunt, and in the winter, they step on wooden tools to chase prey on the ice. Similar records of ice activity are also recorded among other ethnic minorities, "east to the three Trojan Turkic tribes, known as Dubo, Mile, and Gelatin,...... Many good horses, commonly riding wooden horses on the ice, with the board of feet, bending the armpits, stepping on a hundred steps, the momentum is rapid. It can be seen that these three ethnic minority tribes all have the habit of riding wooden horses on the ice, and in the cold winter, the ancients skated on the ice with wooden horses, which brought convenience and speed to people's travel at that time, promoted the social productivity at that time, and was the embodiment of the wisdom of the ancient working people on the mainland.

At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the promotion of ice sports to promote production was mainly reflected in the transportation aspect, shen Kuo described in the "Mengxi Pen Talk and Ridicule": "Between Xin'an, Cang, and Jing... The winter moon is a small bed, dragged on the ice, called the Ling bed", the Song Ren Jiang Xiufu's "Jiang Lin Ji Magazine" also has a similar description: "Xiong, Ba along the border pond berth, the winter moon carries the reed, all use the Ling bed, the official also takes advantage of it." "Ling bed" is the ice bed, is an important tool for ice transportation, winter comes, the water surface is frozen, travel is inconvenient, people sit on the ice bed is dragged and dragged, the official also comes to ride, it can be seen that the ice bed brought convenience to people at that time, and promoted social productivity.

Beginning in the Yuan Dynasty, the ice bed was changed from human to animal pulling, and Marco Polo described in detail the scene of the Mongol "dog pulling ice sled" in the Yuan Dynasty: "He is a descendant of Genghis Khan ... The people here maintain the customs and lifestyles of their ancestors... In order to be able to travel on the icy road, people have built a means of transportation,...... This vehicle has no wheels, the bottom is straight, and the front end is cocked in a semi-arc shape, this structure is particularly suitable for easy driving on ice... The dogs they used to sled, the size of donkeys, were very strong. "According to the description of ice sleds and animal characteristics, at that time people had mastered the technology of enslaving animals to pull ice sleds, compared with the Song Dynasty period with human towing the ice bed, not only liberated manpower, but also the ice tools were more mature, the speed was also greatly improved, bringing greater convenience to people traveling on ice." The same record is also recorded in the Nammura Shuglu: "The name of the northern part of Goryeo is eighteen, and the Chinese language even the five cities are ... Its land is extremely cold, the sea is also ice... Every year of the Zhengdong Province commissioned officials to slaves to give scattered prisoners food, they must use chariots, and each cart should be pulled by four dogs. "Chariot" is both a "dog car" and can be understood as a dog pulling a sled. This sentence can be seen that during the Yuan Dynasty, in the cold northeast region of the mainland, people used four dogs to transport grain with a chariot pulled by four dogs when transporting "imprisoned food", which reflected the wisdom of people's clever use of the natural environment at that time, and it was also the embodiment of the traditional ice and snow sports on the mainland that greatly promoted social production.

Liu Ruoyu of the Ming Dynasty described the scene of the people pulling ice beds for the pleasure of the dignitaries and nobles in the Ming Dynasty: "After the river freezes, the poor people in the nearby capital are inside and outside the imperial city, and where there is ice, they drag the bed to make a living. "The royal nobility had fun by being dragged on the ice bed, and at the same time the ice activity brought the conditions for the ordinary people to survive, and the poor could support their families by pulling the ice bed for entertainment, which was a way for people to obtain material wealth.

From the origin of ice and snow sports to the combing of ancient documents and books of past dynasties, the connotation of the traditional ice and snow sports culture of the mainland promoting social production has been discovered. Ice and snow sports began with production activities, and in the production of continuous evolution and improvement, each dynasty of traditional ice and snow sports forms of change is the ancient mainland working people love life, adapt to the environment embodiment, but also their exquisite skills and labor wisdom crystallization. "Take wood as a horse, ice and snow to chase deer", is the most valuable embodiment of the connotation of the mainland's traditional ice and snow sports culture, in the ice and snow, in order to survive, for future generations, not defeated by the natural environment in front of them, but through wisdom to conform to nature, turn danger into disaster, better survive, so the evolution of traditional ice and snow sports on the mainland is the epitome of the continuous struggle of the people of the mainland for generations. In today's society, although traditional ice and snow sports are no longer the main force to improve productivity, engaging in ice and snow sports is the embodiment of people challenging nature and overcoming themselves, actively tempering their will and strengthening their bodies in the harsh natural environment, which is conducive to personal growth and development, and can better understand the cultural connotation of promoting production through the experience of traditional ice and snow sports projects, and improve people's cultural self-confidence.

1.2 Enrich life: enjoy the snow and play with the snow, and play on the ice bed

From the Song Dynasty onwards, the records of the rich life of ice and snow sports gradually appeared, mainly including "enjoying the snow and playing with the snow, using the bed". Ice sports for leisure and entertainment have been recorded since the Song Dynasty, according to historical records, ice sports at that time were collectively called "ice play". In terms of snow activities, the Song Dynasty carefully recorded in the "Wulin Old Affairs Volume III" "Snow Appreciation" as: "Snow appreciation in the forbidden, more Yumingyuan downstairs." The back garden is decorated with large and small snow lions, decorated with golden bells, and made snowflakes, snow lanterns, snow mountains, and dripping crisps as flowers and events, and is served in golden pots for enjoyment. At the same time, Wu Zimu described it in volume VI of the Mengliang Record as follows: "Looking at the snowy scenery of lakes and mountains, yaolin qiong trees, cuifeng like jade, and paintings are not as good." Poets, in this scene, they use Laxue Sencha, chant poems, and sing more. Judging from the descriptions of these two ancient literati, snow sports in the Song Dynasty were mainly leisure and entertainment, of which snow appreciation and snow play were the most popular. In the snow, such as building snow lions, and decorated with Jinling, but also make "snowflakes", "snow mountains", "snow lanterns" and so on into the basin to play. In terms of snow appreciation, it is manifested in "watching the snow scenery of lakes and mountains", "Laxue Sencha", and "chanting poems". Therefore, the record of snow watching and playing with snow is the embodiment of snow activities enriching people's lives, and it also reflects the mentality of the ancient people of the mainland who loved life, were positive and enjoyed nature.

According to the literature of the Yuan and Ming dynasties, people enjoying snow and playing with snow at that time was still the main way of snow activities, and the Ming Dynasty began to have relevant records of leisure and entertainment activities on ice. During the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Dai described the snow and playing with snow in the "Tao'an Dream Memories" as follows: "In December of the sixth year of the Apocalypse, the snow was about three feet deep. Evening, Yu Denglongshan, sitting on the mountain gate of the City God Temple... Ma Xiaoqing and Pan Xiaofei hugged each other and rolled down from Baibu Street to the toes of the mountain, bathing in snow. Yu sat in a small sheep's head car and dragged the ice back. From the original text, it can be seen that in the weather of "three feet deep snow", in the evening to climb the Longshan Mountain, the two hugged together to roll the snow to the foot of the mountain, some scholars believe that "Ma Xiaoqing" and "Pan Xiaofei" played a game popular on the snow at that time, it is not difficult to see that the snow game brought joy to people at that time, enriched people's lives, compared with the Song Dynasty, people are closer to the snow, has been fully integrated into nature. The Ming Dynasty's record of leisure and entertainment on ice includes the description of the Ming Dynasty Liu Ruoyu in the "Zhi Zhongzhi" as: "When the snow is full of Forest Gao, the people who sit on the bed are mixed with yansu, and the intercourse is like weaving, and there are also xinghao who are drunk and frequent." "Dragging bed" is both "ice bed" is the main instrument of people's activities on ice at that time, through the original description of the "cross-pulled like weaving" is a description of the number of people pulling ice beds at that time, reflecting the number of people involved in ice sports at that time, "Xinghao drunk" reflects the ice bed to bring unlimited fun to people, which is also the biggest motivation for people to participate in ice activities at that time. Similarly, the Ming Dynasty official chronicle of the Ming Dynasty also has "Xihuamen ... And in winter, the ice bed is played, and the spring and summer lotus willows are offered to watch". It can be seen through the literature that the winter ice bed and the summer and spring lotus willows have become a common thing at that time, which can reflect that the leisure and entertainment of ice activities in the Ming Dynasty have been relatively mature, and "ice bed play" has been the main way of entertainment for the royal nobility in winter, and at the same time creating conditions for working people to make a living.

There are also many records of the Qing Dynasty about the enrichment of people's lives by ice and snow sports, such as wu Zhendi of the Qing Dynasty described the scene of people playing with snow in the "YangjiZhai Series", "Snow in winter, every time in the yangxin hall courtyard is piled up into lions and elephants, Zhixi Zhaofeng, often invited Chen Yong." Qianlong Nongshen and Yi Unitary, with snow lions and snow elephants. Jiaqing Pengyin, also stacked as Woma II, east and west, there are joint poems with Neiting Hanlin. In the same period, Yang Miren's "Bamboo Branches of Dumen" recorded the scene of people skating and grabbing the ball, "there are more drawrs to win, a pair of birds want to be born." It can be seen that snow activities in the Qing Dynasty were still dominated by snow viewing and playing with snow, and ice activities began to appear in the form of competitive activities, which could obtain the fun brought by ice and snow in competition and enrich people's lives.

Through the combing of documents, the traditional ice and snow sports on the mainland have brought joy to the people of all generations and added a touch of fun to the boring life of ancient people. In ancient times, the winter is cold, ice and snow, there is no suitable way of leisure and entertainment in such an environment, but people go into nature to "enjoy the snow and play with snow, ice bed play", create joy in boring and hard life, and have the motivation to continue to live, which reflects the ancient working people of the mainland who love life, optimism and upward mentality, but also the perfect integration of people and nature, so although the traditional ice and snow sports in the mainland are produced in production, they develop in leisure and entertainment. The cultural value of enriching life plays an important role in the development of traditional ice and snow sports in the mainland.

1.3 Military diplomacy: marching and fighting, ice frolic ceremony

Ice and snow sports are used in military diplomacy and have been documented throughout the ages. In the Taiping Imperial Records and Soldiers, the scene of marching and fighting in the ice and snow during the Tang Dynasty is described, "In the Zhenguan, Su Dingfang led an army to fight against the Turks. Heavy snow in Helu, two feet flat on the ground... The soldiers marched day and night, and they received many of them. According to the description of the original text, it can be seen that the environment at that time was "heavy snow, two feet flat" and was not conducive to marching and fighting, but under the command of Su Dingfang, he skillfully used the snow environment at that time to "strangle the soldiers and lingxue", march day and night, and finally defeat the enemy.

During the Song Dynasty, there are records of marching on ice and promoting victory in war. In the winter of 1114 AD, when Jin Taizu's attack on the Liao State, inspired by the children's feet on the Ula slippers sliding on the ice, the soldiers were ordered to put on the Ula sliders, and then attacked the city of Pennsylvania, and finally won the victory. A "Ula slip" is a simple piece of equipment that glides on the ice with a slip strip or a wooden board tied to the sole of a Ula shoe and a cane in both hands. It was also a war that skillfully used the natural environment and skating equipment to win.

During the Ming Dynasty, the story of people's ice activities promoting the victory of military wars was recorded in the "Notes on the Qing Language Excerpt and The Slippery Notes of The Jing Dynasty". In the winter of 1626, Balhut's troops besieged Nurhaci's forces at present-day Nenjiang, Heilongjiang, and when the situation was critical, the general Fei Gulie rescued him by skating, and finally won the victory. The original description is that "all the parts are covered with tassels and slippers, good at ice walking, to grab the plow, along the ice layer of the Brain Wen River to the rescue, a day to travel seven hundred miles." "Seven hundred miles a day" shows the speed of skating of the rescue force, which can catch the enemy off guard during rescue, which is also a war that benefits from the natural environment and skating skills.

During the Qing Dynasty, the specialization of ice and snow sports was greatly developed, which had a lot to do with the Manchu tradition of "shangwu and good skating", and the use of ice and snow sports for military diplomacy was more obvious. In order to give full play to the military strength of ice and snow sports, the Qing government also set up a special "Ice Shoe Department" for ice sports, established a "Technical Courage Skate Battalion", which was subordinate to the "Key Sharp Battalion" (special forces), specially allocated funds for ice training, formulated an ice and snow sports management system, and inspected ice training soldiers. The Skate Department selected more than a thousand outstanding skaters from the Jianrui Camp to enter the "Technical Courage Skate Camp" for intensive training and accept the Emperor's proofreading. It can be seen that the Qing government attaches great importance to ice and snow sports, the government specially allocates funds for training, under the government-led management, from the superior to the lower level, the management of all levels is clear, and the management mechanism of ice and snow sports has been very mature. In terms of ice and snow technology level, selecting excellent skaters from special forces can enter the "Technical Courage Skate Battalion" centralized training and be reviewed, which shows the strict requirements for the level of ice and snow skills, reflecting from the side that ice sports technology has gradually reached its peak at that time, and ice sports have also become an important force in military reserves.

In addition, the Qing Dynasty period of the "ice frolic ceremony" has become a royal ceremony, and was crowned as a national custom, almost every year to hold the ice frolic ceremony in the imperial palace, the Qianlong Emperor also said that "ice frolic activities for the national system is important", ice frolic ceremony is not only leisure, entertainment, more importantly, through such a grand activity to the envoys of various countries to promote national prestige, highlight the national strength, is an important way of diplomacy of the Qing government. In the 53rd year of Qianlong (1788), Xiyuan held an ice frolic activity, specially inviting foreign envoys and frontier kings to watch to celebrate the New Year. When the Qing government invited envoys from various countries to watch the grand ice frolic activities together at the time of the ice frolic ceremony, and when the envoys of various countries watched the grand ice frolic activities together, the Qianlong Emperor touched the scenery and improvised poems, and could not help but feel the prosperity of Kang Guotai Min'an, strong soldiers and strong horses, and four tributes. Therefore, the Ice Festrançaise Ceremony is an important way for the Qing Dynasty government to demonstrate its military and national strength to all countries, and it is a grand diplomatic activity with important diplomatic significance.

Through the collation of the above documents, it can be concluded that the traditional ice and snow sports on the mainland have certain value in military diplomacy, mainly including marching and fighting and showing national strength. In the icy environment, the ancient army was able to skillfully use the natural environment, skate and march, and not only overcame the harsh natural environment in the process of marching, but also accelerated the speed of the march and increased the chance of victory in the war. In the Qing Dynasty, ice and snow sports were paid more attention by the Qing government, from rules and regulations to ice and snow skills reached the peak of history, becoming an important force to supplement the military, and the ice frolic ceremony became an important moment to show national strength to envoys from all sides. Therefore, military diplomacy is the important significance implied by the traditional ice and snow sports culture of the mainland.

1.4 Folk customs: dispel diseases and plagues, pray for a good harvest

During the Qing Dynasty, folk customs and customs about ice and snow sports were prevalent at that time, and Yang Bin of the Qing Dynasty described it in the "Liubian Jiluo": "On the sixteenth day, Manchurian women, walking in groups of flat sand, are known as 'walking a hundred diseases', or rolling, 'getting rid of obscurity', especially at night. From the description, it can be seen that on the sixteenth day of the first month, Manchu women went out of their homes, walked in the streets, or rolled on the ice, which was widely believed to be able to eliminate all diseases and eliminate obscurity, which was a good wish in people's hearts at that time.

In addition, praying for a good harvest is also the main purpose of people's ice folk activities, such as the main ice activity of praying for a good harvest at the ceremony of the lake awakening net, which includes dancing the Chama dance and the Andai dance on the ice. "Lake Awakening Net" is a sacred winter fishing sacrifice and celebration activity, which contains the desire of the people in the lake area to sacrifice the lake god, worship heaven and earth, and pray for a good harvest.

It can be concluded from the literature that the traditional ice and snow sports on the mainland are the embodiment of the customs and habits of ethnic minorities in the north of the mainland, and in the traditional ice and snow activities, "walking a hundred diseases" is people's wishes for a healthy body and a better life, and people dance on the ice during the ceremony of the lake awakening net in order to pray for a better harvest. Folk customs and customs with the characteristics of ice and snow activities are the beliefs of ethnic minorities in the north of the mainland in ice and snow, under difficult conditions, people firmly believe that ice and snow can get rid of all kinds of diseases and obscurity, ice dance can bring good harvests, these beliefs will link people's hearts with each other, and in the face of difficulties, they can strengthen their faith, work together, and build a better life together. Therefore, the folk customs and customs of the mainland traditional ice and snow sports culture with the characteristics of ice and snow sports are also an important force for promoting the great unity of the mainland nationalities.

2 Characteristics of traditional Chinese ice and snow sports culture

2.1 Regional and ethnic

The continent is vast and vast, creating a complex and diverse continental climate and terrain, spanning a variety of climatic zones from the south to the north, from the south to the cold zone, with hills, basins, plateaus and other terrains, and the temperature between the north and the south has a huge difference. Winter temperatures in the northern part of the mainland can be as low as minus tens of degrees, and it is not easy to melt after heavy snowfall, and the natural environment becomes cruel, bringing many inconveniences to the lives of local residents. However, when the ancient northern people of the mainland faced this difficulty, they were not defeated by nature, but through continuous observation, learning, practice, and learning to survive in the ice and snow environment, and finally learned to use nature, when the ancients first used skis to chase prey on the snow, ice and snow sports arose. With the advancement of time, the mainland has entered the period of civilization, human life has undergone earth-shaking changes, and then the significance of ice and snow activities has also changed, no longer the main way of people's production, but slowly become the main way of winter leisure and entertainment of the ancient northern peoples of the mainland. It is conceivable that in the cold winter, the ice and snow, there is nothing to do in leisure time, playing snow, snow appreciation, ice play and other ice and snow activities have brought unlimited fun to the people in the north of the mainland.

Influenced by regionality, the traditional ice and snow sports on the mainland have a very significant national nature. The ethnic minorities in the north of the mainland have lived in the ice and snow world for generations, ice and snow sports is the main way of their production and life, leisure and entertainment, and have unique feelings for ice and snow, so the northern ethnic groups on the mainland have their own unique ways of ice and snow activities, with the help of ice and snow activities to express the beautiful prayer for health and harvest, but also the love of life, advocating nature. For example, in the Manchu "Hundred Disease Walks" on the sixteenth day of the first month of the new year, people believe that by walking or rolling on the ice and snow, they can take away the diseases and obscurity of the body through the ice and snow, which is people's wish for good health. In addition, the Mongolian fishing and hunting tribe "sacrifice lake to wake up the net" ceremony, before fishing people will dance various dances on the ice, is people's reverence and worship of nature, and express good wishes for a good harvest.

2.2 Entertaining and skillful

The traditional ice and snow sports on the mainland have a certain degree of entertainment, which is reflected in the vivid descriptions of activities such as playing with snow, enjoying snow, and ice playing in the literati of successive dynasties. From the historical documents, it can be found that each dynasty has its prominent points for ice and snow entertainment, in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, to enjoy snow and play with snow, such as people like to use snow to make "snowflakes", "snow lanterns", "snow lions", etc., and through complex decorations into the golden basin for people to enjoy, in addition, people also like to enjoy the natural snow scenery, Laxue sencha, poetry pairing, enjoy the visual feast brought by nature. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, in addition to enjoying snow and playing with snow, people prefer to engage in ice activities, such as the Ming Dynasty royal nobles like to seek fun through the ice bed in winter, the Qing Dynasty is the heyday of ice sports, the most representative is the royal "ice frolic ceremony", such a grand ceremony is the embodiment of military national strength, but it is also an important moment for the royal nobility to relax and entertain.

The arrival of the heyday of traditional ice and snow sports in the mainland is inseparable from the superb skills of ice and snow sports. During the Qing Dynasty, the technical level and artistic expression of traditional ice and snow sports in the mainland have reached a high level, and it can be seen through the pictures depicted in "Ice Fun Map" that the ancient traditional ice and snow sports in the mainland are diverse, rich in content, and have the characteristics of competitiveness, skill and artistry. For example, the "rush to wait" project is a speed competition, unlimited time, the first to reach the end of the line to win, the "grab the ball" project is to grab the ball more of the side to win, these two projects have a strong competitiveness; "turning the dragon shooting ball", "swinging the mountain" and "ice acrobatics" and other projects have a certain degree of skill to complete; "figure skating" is full of skill, artistry and entertainment and other characteristics, the main forms include swallow point water, Nezha exploration of the sea, golden rooster independence, Dongbin back sword, fairy monkey peach, green dragon back, big scorpion, harrier turning, The boy worships Guanyin, double flying and running, etc.

2.3 Endangerment and alienation

Due to historical reasons, the mainland's traditional ice and snow sports from the Qing Dynasty gradually to the decline period, until today, Western sports in people's lives dominate, people are affected by Western ice and snow sports more far-reaching, part of the mainland traditional ice and snow sports gradually dissolved, this problem is imminent, worth pondering. The development of the mainland's traditional ice and snow sports forms is the manifestation of the excellent quality, love of life and national cohesion of the northern people of the mainland, and the traditional ice and snow sports culture is an important part of the mainland's excellent traditional culture, and the construction of traditional ice and snow culture is inseparable from the construction of a cultural power. Therefore, we should start from the protection of traditional ice and snow sports projects, let more people participate in traditional ice and snow sports projects, understand the connotation of sports culture, and establish self-confidence in traditional ice and snow sports culture.

With the implementation of the national strategy of cultural power and the upcoming Beijing Winter Olympics, people's love for ice and snow sports has gradually increased, and ice and snow sports have developed rapidly in the mainland, including traditional ice and snow sports in the mainland. However, due to the awakening of traditional ice and snow sports in the mainland, the cultural foundation is rich but not stable, and it is easy to appear "deformed" in the context of rapid development, resulting in the alienation and development of traditional ice and snow sports culture. For example, some tourism project operators, in order to cater to the market and improve economic benefits, clearly marked the price of traditional ice and snow activities that used to be everywhere in the past, reducing people's enthusiasm for participation, and some fabricated false traditional sports projects to mislead people's understanding of traditional Chinese ice and snow sports and cultural understanding. In the context of cultural power and the Winter Olympics is the best period for the development of traditional ice and snow sports, but in the process of development, we must not rush to achieve results, we should take every step in a down-to-earth manner, avoid the phenomenon of alienation, and establish the mainland people's traditional ice and snow sports culture self-confidence on the right road, and let the world understand the charm of the mainland's traditional culture.

3 Conclusion

The traditional ice and snow sports culture of the mainland is the expression of the people of the mainland who have promoted production, enriched their lives, military diplomacy and folk customs and customs, reflecting the characteristics of the people of the mainland who love life, are positive and upward, and advocate nature, and are an important part of the mainland's excellent traditional culture. In the process of building a cultural power, we should pay attention to the construction of the traditional ice and snow sports culture of the mainland, let more people participate in the traditional ice and snow sports, establish sufficient cultural self-confidence, do a good job in cultural inheritance internally, do a good job in cultural dissemination externally, tell the story of China's ice and snow to the people of the world through the Beijing Winter Olympics, and show the charm of China's traditional ice and snow sports culture.

Author Affilications:Department of Public Foundation, Xinjiang University of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Shenyang University of Physical Education

References are omitted, please refer to the original text for the full version.

Editor: Xiang Yu

Proofreader: Water Life

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