Tang Dynasty young ranger, where is the "hero"?

Xinfeng Meijiu Dou ten thousand, Xianyang Ranger how many years.

Meet the spirit of the king to drink, tie the horse high-rise weeping willow edge.

Wang Wei's "Young Journey" is a group of seven poems, a total of four poems, one of which is the most widely circulated. This poem is based on the Han Dynasty Tang Dynasty, writing that the young rangers are high-rise horses and gather to drink together.

Why should Xianyang Ranger drink Xinfeng wine? This has to start with Liu Bang and his father. Liu Bang was a native of Fengyi (丰邑; present-day Feng County, Xuzhou), whose capital was Chang'an, and honored his father Liu Taigong as Emperor Taishang. According to the "Miscellaneous Records of Xijing", emperor Taishang has been unhappy when he arrived in Chang'an, and Liu Bang sent people to privately inquire about the reason, and Liu Taigong said that he was good in his life, "All slaughtered young people, sold wine and sold cakes, and fought cocks and bowed, as a pleasure." ”

Liu Bang had filial piety and built Xinfeng (present-day Lintong County, Xi'an) on the edge of Chang'an City, "Qu Xiang Dongyu, looking for the old". The people in their hometowns have all moved over, and one consequence is that "the new Fengduo rogues" are " . Perhaps Liu Bang's father and son have some native rogue personalities. According to the "Chronicle of History", Liu Bang congratulated the Emperor Taishang, and the villain asked his father with determination: "You say that I am a scoundrel and do not rule the industry, so I am not as good as the second brother." Now I have these possessions, and who does he have more? "No matter how you look at it, Liu Bang is his own son.

Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, Xinfeng Liquor has been lined with fine wines, and of course it has become a playground for teenagers. Whether it's a scoundrel or a ranger, you can actually draw an equal sign. For example, Emperor Xuan of Han, known in history as Gao Cai, is recognized as the king of Zhongxing. After ascending the throne, he practiced both inside and outside. Internally, the Huo Party was eliminated and the government was revived; the Xiongnu were defeated externally, encompassing the Western Regions. The Book of Han says that when he was a teenager, he traveled all over Chang'an Sanfu, "Also like rangers, cockfighting horses, knowing that Lu Li is adulterous and evil, and the officials are cured of gains and losses." ”

"Ming Emperor Cockfighting Diagram" by Song Li Song

Tang Dynasty poets loved Yongxia, and yongxia poems such as Wang Wei's "Young People's Journey" frequently appeared in golden sentences. The dancing style of the Tang Dynasty Chang'an Hero Shao rippled in the verses. On these young heroes, there is really the presentation of the heroic atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty and the exuberance of the prosperity and vitality? In fact, if you shoot a Datang version of "The Sky of burning wild youth", it can be a youth film, a song and dance film, but it cannot be a martial arts film.

Ranger turns out to be a social person

Han Feizi said: "Confucianism is chaotic with the law, while chivalry is forbidden by force." Sima Qian disagreed and sent a biography for the Ranger. It is believed that "although the present Ranger's deeds are not in line with justice, his words will be believed, his deeds will be fruitful, his promises will be sincere, he will not love his body, he will go to the trap of the soldiers, he will survive and die, but he will not be able to do anything, and he will be ashamed of his virtue, and he will cover up enough." This sentence summarizes the four characteristics of the Ranger: heavy promises, light life and death, suppressing evil and promoting good, and light wealth and good charity.

Since the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Zhengshi has no longer been a biography of rangers. In the history books, there are many heroic words, but there is a suspicion of stealing the concept.

When Cao Cao was a teenager, "Renxia was debauched and did not rule the industry", and Xia and unemployed youth drew equal signs. Li Bai's epitaph reads "Lesser Hero, No Industry", is it the same as saying that Liu Bang is a rogue? Don't want what the industry wants? Quite simply, you want connections.

Scholar Wang Xuetai said in "Nomad Culture and Chinese Society": Always talking about rangers, we often pay attention to the word "hero" and ignore the word "you". "Their greatest common denominator is that they are good at socializing and have someone to follow."

Pay attention to the key points, the Ranger gradually revisits the heavy hero. In the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", even the princes of the family such as Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu have chivalrous names, why? By the power of the rice circle.

During the Three Kingdoms period, rangers not only had rice circles, but also "rice balls". Gan Ning has a "light and thin youth regiment", "little strength, good ranger, recruit light and thin teenagers, for which the canal marshal." Xu Chu has the "Swordsman Youth Regiment" and "all the chu chivalrous guests think that they are tiger soldiers." ...... Subsequently, dozens of people were knighted as generals, and more than 100 people were lieutenants and lieutenants, all of whom were swordsmen. ”

The Eastern Han Dynasty historian Xun Yue listed the Ranger as the "Thief of Virtue": "Establish momentum, be a weifu, make personal friends to establish a stronger than the world, called the ranger." It is said that chivalry is heavy on righteousness, and it is easy to deviate from the morality, not to be reasonable (righteousness), but to talk about friendship (private righteousness), which is the crux of Xun Yue's point - personal friendship. Mr. Lu Xun said pungently in the article "The Change of Hooligans": "... Honestly... Later, the honest gradually died, leaving behind a trickster. The great hero of Han has already given gifts to the princes and magnates to use as a talisman in case of crisis. "Brush up your clothes and leave your name behind?" There are fewer and fewer such straight men.

The young man should swipe the "membership card"

The white horse is decorated with gold and the northwest gallops.

Borrow to ask whose son, Secluded Ranger.

Cao Zhi has poems such as "White Horse Chapter", "Knotted Guest Chapter" and "Wine Endowment", which set a precedent for Ranger poetry. The scholar Chen Shan said in the "History of Chinese Martial Arts": "Cao Zhi was the founder of Yongxia poetry, and his Yongxia poetry generally foreshadowed the creative trend of Yongxia poetry in later generations. ”

The Youhe in the White Horse chapter refers to the land of Yan Zhao. Since the ancient Yan Zhao is more chivalrous, Li Bai's "Chivalrous Line" "ten steps to kill a person, thousands of miles do not stay", the protagonist is Zhao Ke. The scene switches to Chang'an, the Ranger is more like the script played by the teenagers to kill, and Renxia is a musician.

In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a ranger Liu Sheng, who was famous, like the LiangYuan Emperor Xiao Xuan and the Chen Hou lord Chen Shubao, who gave poetry praise. Liu Sheng's origin is unknown, but he only said that he was a hero and traveled around the land of the Five Tombs and Three Qins. "The durian flowers talk about drinking at night, and the bamboo leaves are dissolved. Befriend Lieutenant Li Du and travel to Jiali City. "Southern Dynasty poetry is extravagant, Liu Sheng is known as the Wuling Teenager, the playboy's style, exquisite as if opening a filter.

During the Western Han Dynasty, the government operated the Chang'an Tombs, and made the rich and powerful families move to their land, and the Five Tombs Teenagers referred to the children of the rich families who lived here. According to the "Quan Tang Poems", there are 42 poems in the Tang poems that directly write about the "Five Tombs Youth" or "Five Tombs Young".

Du Fu famously said, "Classmates and teenagers are not cheap, and the five lings are light and fat." Light fat refers to light fur fat horses, horses are five-flowered horses, and fur is a thousand gold furs. Luo Binwang's "Emperor Jing Chapter" said that "the Jinghua Ranger is full of light fat", and light fat is the most fashionable equipment for young Rangers.

Light fat is about qualifications. The circle of the Wuling teenagers is a closed loop, and there is no membership card that cannot be entered. Tang Gaozu Li Yuan occupied Chang'an and called on the "Five Tombs Heroes" to surrender to Tang and "The Good Lord of Qi". What good official? Nature is not Bow Ma Wen. "The teenager hunted out Chang yang from the hunt, forbidden to worship Yulin Lang" (Zhang Yuan's "Youth Line"), the Yulin Army belongs to the forbidden army, and the Wuling teenager is also called Yulin Lang. As early as the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the sons of the Liang family of the six counties were selected to establish the Yulin Army, and "the famous generals were more prominent". At the end of the Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo became Yulin Lang as the "Son of the Liang Family of the Six Counties", "a young good man, taste the Qiangzhong, and marry the rich marshals".

Tang Xuanzong Li Longji launched the "Tang Long Coup" to eliminate Wei Hou's party, and a good move was to plot against the forbidden army. "Tang Yulin" records that when Tang Xuanzong was driving in Luzhou, he entered the Beijing Division, and he also had to mix with the circle of the Wuling youth, and he was also a little timid. Once when the children of the rich feasted on the Kunming Pond, Xuanzong's "RongFu Arm Eagle" (dressed as a young man of the Five Tombs) rushed to the scene. During the banquet, the teenagers did not know him, so he reported himself to the door, and Xuanzong said loudly: "My great-grandfather is the Son of Heaven, my grandfather is the Son of Heaven, my father is the King of Xiang, and Li is the King of Linzi." "Versailles is the ceiling.

It's all cockfighting

There are more than 300 surviving poems of the Tang Dynasty. The poem says that there are fewer heroes and righteousness, and more people eat, drink and have fun. Wang Renyu's "Testament of Kaiyuan Tianbao" says: "Chang'an Xia, every spring, he formed a party, placed a pony, decorated with a golden bell, and walked under the flowers and trees, so that the servants would hold the wine dish and follow, and when the wine was good, they would stop on the horse and drink." ”

What to play? Wang Yonghao's "History of Chinese Rangers" said that the daily activities of the Chang'an Rangers were mostly cockfighting, flying eagles, walking horses and dogs, fencing and riding and shooting, gambling and drinking, and smelting prostitutes.

Let's start with the flying eagle. Sima Guang said, "Tang Shixianxiang, before there is Fang Du, after there is Yao Song, the others are Mo Debi Yan." Yao Chong is that "Yao". Once Yao Chong, who was hunting with Tang Xuanzong, asked Yao Chong: You seem to be a veteran? Yao Chong replied, "This minister is less than what he has learned." The subject Chinese New Year's Eve, juZezhong, taking pleasure in calling eagles and chasing rabbits, and still do not know the book. "Yao Chong's late bloom and playing with eagles reached the age of thirty.

Let's talk about cockfighting. In the Tang Dynasty, the style of cockfighting was extremely strong, and naturally the figure of the Wuling youth was indispensable, "immediately holding the chicken and the three cities to fight, carrying the sword in the sleeve of the five tombs tour" (Tang Dynasty poet Yu Hu's "Gongzi Xing"). There was a cockfighting workshop in Chang'an, the capital division, and Tang Xuanzong had always favored Jia Chang, a "cockfighting child", and also protected Jia Chang as a mediator. At that time, there was a folk song that said: "Children do not need to read, and cockfighting is better than reading." Wang Bo was recruited by King Pei. King Pei fought cocks with the King of England, and Wang Bo wrote a "Chicken Text of the King of Ying" to denounce the king's cockfighting. Emperor Gaozong of Tang was furious and expelled Wang Bo from Chang'an.

Chang'an residence is not easy, and it is impossible to escape the circle of the Five Tombs Teenagers. The Biography of Tang Caizi says that Wang Zhizhuo "rarely has chivalry, so he is a young man from you to the Five Tombs, fencing and mourning, from birds to alcohol". The Wang family is a noble family, a person in the circle.

When Li Bai went to Chang'an, he also had contacts with the Wuling youth, and in the poem "Recounting the Old Tour to Jiangyang Zailu Tune", it is said that "I used to fight cocks, and even extended the Wuling Hao... Hurry to clear the Constitution Platform, get rid of the North Gate". As soon as xuanwu gate is said to be also known as the north gate, the Yulin army is stationed on both sides of the north gate, and Li Bai is likely to have clashed with the Wuling youth. (The time and location of "North Gate Er" are disputed by scholars) Li Bai's North Gate Er may also be the disaster caused by cockfighting.

Help idle or accomplice

Tang Dynasty poet Tortoise Meng's "Nine Songs of Miscellaneous Irony" Yun: "Is there no evil teenager, drunk in the cave of the rangers." Recruited as a death army, to rebel against the pawns. "Chi less and less evil, mixed up."

Yi Zhongtian once commented on ancient scholars with help, help, and accomplice fun, and the same was true for the Chang'an teenager. When you are busy, evil can really help. In the Han Dynasty, the "Chronicle of History" records that Li Guangli was a great wan, "six thousand horses of the fa vassal state, and tens of thousands of evil teenagers in the county state". In the Tang Dynasty, the New Book of Tang said that Li Jiancheng "privately funded the four parties Xiao Yong and the two thousand evil teenagers of Chang'an to form a "Changlin soldier" for the palace armor. Chen Ziang once wrote a book entitled "Important Matters of the Military and the State", suggesting that "there are rough rangers, outlaws and thieves, unemployed floating waves, rich and strong clans, and those who have a little advantage and gifts, and all are recruited to join the army." The Old Book of Tang says that Tang Taizong Li Shimin plotted against the Sui, "Every time a corporal is folded, he pushes money and raises customers, and a group of thieves is a hero, and he is not willing to serve death." Li Ji (jì), a famous general under Li Shimin, was such a ruthless man, saying to himself, "I am twelve or thirteen years old, A rogue thief, and I will kill everyone." When emperor Tang Dynasty arrived, the Tubo army invaded Chang'an, and Guo Ziyi sent people to "lure together the evil people in the capital, and beat the street drum on Suzaku Street, and the Army was shocked and ruptured." ”

When it comes to idleness, the evil little becomes a helper, and can only add to the chaos. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty gradually declined, and the forbidden army was mixed. The tattooed square is less evil, arrogant in the street, and the tail is not big. "Chang'an evil few names, downstairs robbers upstairs drunk." (Wang Jian's "Yulin Xing") "Youyang Miscellaneous Tricks" says: "Shangdu Street is less evil, the rate is sharp and the skin is zha, and the shape of the crowd is prepared." The armies of the armies, the robbery of the zhang fist, to the point where the snake gathers the restaurant, catches the sheep and hits the people. The evil youngsters showed arrogance in tattoos, one named Zhang Hui, with the words "Life is not afraid of Jing Zhaoyin" on his left arm and "Death is not afraid of the King of Yan Luo" on his right arm. The Chang'an teenager is the leader of the wind of tattoos in later generations.

In the end, he became an accomplice. The Tang legend has a story of "Tian Xianglang", Tian Xianglang is an officer of the Forbidden Army, good at running fast, stole Tang Wenzong's white jade pillow, after Tian Xianglang was arrested, Tang Wenzong lightly said a sentence "This is renxia, very stealing", and let it go. Although it is a novelist's words, Tang Wenzong was supported by eunuchs, and the forbidden army was controlled by eunuchs, and Tang Wenzong really did not necessarily cure the crime of the forbidden army. Later, Tang Wenzong launched the Ganlu Rebellion, recruited heroes as pawns, and seized power from eunuchs, but after the failure, the evil teenagers in Fang City took advantage of the fire and looted.

Sima Qian established a biography for the Ranger, because "the world does not perceive its meaning, and laughs together with the Zhu family, Guo Xie, and other orders and the same kind of tyrants." Unfortunately, the sorrow of Tai Shi Gong cannot change worldly prejudices.

By thirty I understood

Now when it comes to white-collar and blue-collar workers, in ancient times, the cloth belt refers to the readers who did not become officials, the green robe horn belt refers to the unappointed jinshi, and the young man with the silk and skirt is said to be the son of the magnate. In the Tang Dynasty, there were tragic green teenagers, who presented a different aura from the Chang'an Heroes.

During the reign of Emperor Dezong of Tang, Pan Mengyang served as a household attendant, and he was also the son of an official eunuch and a member of the Rangers, "arrogant and handsome, informal". In the Tang Dynasty Zhang Gu's "Idle And Advocating", it is said that when Pan Mengyang took office, Pan's mother was very worried, and asked him to invite all his old acquaintances to come to dinner. When the guests arrived, Pan Mu sat down under the curtain and met one by one. After the banquet, he said to Pan Mengyang: "You are all the same kind of people who come here, don't worry, but who is the teenager in the last seat wearing forgiveness clothes?" Pan Mengyang said that it was "to make up for the gap Du Huangshou." The old lady really predicted the emperor: This person is different, he must be a famous secretary.

Many of the Tang Dynasty poetry are exhortations. Li Ji wrote "I knew that reading today was, and repentance was never a hero", Meng Jiao wrote "Lamenting Fang's clumsiness, neglecting to follow the light and thin", Luo Yin wrote "The old line in front of the intestinal broken door, can not bear all belong to the Five Lingers", every sentence is a confession. Cui Hao wrote a poem to advise good women not to marry Wuling men, "In this period of the Han Dynasty, Jin Wu's son-in-law, mistakenly married the Chang'an Ranger." Du Fu was the most miserable, once trapped in Chang'an, the ranger rode in front, he rode a donkey to eat ash in the back, "riding a donkey for thirteen years, traveling to Beijing Huachun." Towards the door of Fu'er, twilight with fat horse dust."

Thirty and standing, abandoning the hero from the literati crowd. Li Bai said that he did not understand things, "knotted hair, did not know things, all the friends of the hero", to the age of thirty there was a change, "fifteen good sword skills, all over the princes." Thirty articles, all the time to the Secretary of State". Han Shanzi teenager safarid Pingling, "Lian Fei rode a white horse, drank rabbits and let goshawks", waved his sleeves after thirty years old, and became a monk. Wei Yingwu was born in the Wei clan of the Hao clan, served as a close attendant of Xuanzong, and was a typical Wuling teenager. In his early years, he was unruly, "illiterate, drunk and stubborn", until Emperor Xuanzong died, and he began to aspire to study at the age of thirty. It is also a coincidence that the average age of the Tang Dynasty jinshi is over thirty years old.

Liu Cha is an unpopular poet, and his deeds are found in the Biography of Tang Caizi. Liu Fork young fashion righteous hero, once because of drunken killing and escape, wait until the world amnesty, Liu Fork changed his mind to study, the poetry style is very strange, the most famous one is called "Icicle", Su Shi has a poem "Empty Bar Icicle Remembers Liu Fork". In Han Yu's later years, when he was an official attendant, Liu Cha went to him. At that time, Han Yue wrote inscriptions for people, making a lot of money to polish the pen, Liu Cha couldn't look at it, took some of Han Yu's gold in person, and said to Han Yue: "This is the income of the people in the tomb that you flattered, so it is better to use it for me to use for life." (The ears of the people in this tomb are not as good as those with Liu Jun)" After that, he resigned and went into hiding.

Really chivalrous, all retired from the group. (Editor-in-charge: Shen Feng)