Portugal
In southwest China, Chengdu and Chongqing in Sichuan have long had a "Yuliang complex", secretly desperately developing the economy and competing to be the big brother in the southwest region, which is also a "twin-city complex". In fact, it is common around the world, such as Istanbul, Turkey's largest city, and its capital, Ankara. Today, we are going to talk about Portugal, a small country in Europe.
Located at the westernmost tip of the European continent, facing the vast Atlantic Ocean, Portugal is a veritable land of the sea, and in the capital, Lisbon, the imprint of the sea can be seen everywhere.
Europe
So, which city in Lisbon and Portugal has a "Yuliang complex" or "two-city complex"?
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<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the place where civilizations change and merge: a vernacular drama with peaks and loops</h1>
European
The Portuguese language of Lisbon is said to have been named "Olisipo" by the Phoenicians in the 7th and 8th centuries BC in homage to Ulysses, the ancient Greek epic hero who founded the capital. Lisbon is also known as the "City of Seven Hills" because the historic centre is built in the seven hills of Estrela, Santa Catarina, São Pedro de Alcântara, São Jorge, Graça, Senhora de Monte and Penha de França.
Lisbon
There is a saying that Ulysses and Calypso, the daughter of the sea god, often date on the banks of the Tejo River, but in the end the man does not quit, Calypso is heartbroken, transformed into a snake, and the winding snake body becomes these 7 undulating hills, and Lisbon is born.
Phoenician
Sketching the history of Lisbon, like this myth, is a drama comparable to a vernacular drama.
Phoenician trade routes
Lisbon has always been a place of change and integration of civilizations, in addition to the Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, and was also ruled by the Roman Empire, as well as The Invasion of the Germans and Moors. It was not until 1147 AD that King Alfonso I of Portugal, with the help of the 2nd Crusade, led the Christians to retake Lisbon from the Moors, an important milestone.
Portuguese routes
The Age of Discovery (Geographical Discoveries) of the 15th and 17th centuries turned Portugal upside down. Around 1420, Prince Enrique established the first nautical school, encouraging the seafaring profession and evoking the adventurous nature and desire for wealth of the Portuguese, who set sail for the sea.
Diagram
Many navigators of the Age of Geographical Discovery set out from Lisbon to explore different parts of the world. For example, in 1498, the Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama led a fleet of ships around the Cape of Good Hope to Reach India, opening the trade portal between Europe and India. Since then, Portugal has successively opened up trade routes, and colonized South America, Brazil, Africa, Mozambique, Angola, Sao Tome Principe, and South India Goa in Asia, establishing a huge sea power empire and achieving nearly a hundred years of glory.
Portuguese territory in India 1502–1961 (red)
As the westernmost outlet to the sea on the European continent, in addition to Portugal, the fleets of various countries are also actively expanding outwards, looking for new maritime trade routes and unknown worlds, Lisbon naturally became an important trading stronghold, the economy and culture were able to develop rapidly, and then became the political and commercial center of the rich side of the Portuguese colonial empire, and also made the architecture of art appear to be spirited during the reign of Manuel I.
Portuguese architecture in Goa, India
In addition to the glory of the gods and the king, the supremacy of ocean navigation, but also the integration of Moorish Arabian elements, with intricate and meticulous stone carving decoration, forming a unique and gorgeous Manuel style.
1755 Great Lisbon earthquake
The time of the sea power's heyday turned quickly, and the dramatic turn took place in 1755. On the eve of Halloween on October 31, Catholics throughout the city either went to church to see Mass or lit candles at home to pray, when the largest magnitude 9 earthquake in European history occurred, followed by fires and tsunamis, killing 90,000 people, almost destroying urban buildings, and suddenly becoming a ruin in Lisbon. Since then, the central position of Lisbon's ocean trade has ceased, and Portugal has gradually declined.
After the earthquake, the then Prime Minister, the Marquis de Pombal, became the leader in the reconstruction of the city after the disaster. After the reconstruction of Lisbon, in addition to the widening of the road pattern, the new Pombal-style buildings are arranged according to the height of the terrain, decorated from the rococo and neoclassicalism that prevailed at the time, but simplified and self-contained, and embedded wooden stakes in the building structure to prevent earthquakes.
Spain portugal in the 14th-15th centuries
In addition to the fusion of architectural forms, Pombal also had a profound influence on political, economic, educational and religious thought, and Lisbon has developed into what we see as diverse and inclusive today.
Portuguese in Japan
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<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > from prosperity to rise again</h1>
In modern times, the biggest event in Lisbon was the "Carnation Incident" on April 25, 1974. During this period, the military used carnations, and in the absence of large-scale conflicts, successfully ended the 36-year rule of the then Prime Minister and realized the liberal democratization of Portugal.
Later, the government also announced that it had abandoned its colonial policy, and overseas colonies became independent, marking an important record in history. Now, in addition to the foreigners in Lisbon, the government even offers free and expensive medical opportunities for the people of the former African colonial countries to come to the hospital.
Portuguese mainland (bright red) before the Carnation Revolution and Portuguese colonies in Africa (crimson)
From prosperity, decline to rise again, rise to life, although it has experienced turmoil and generational changes many times, it always stands up to the wind and bones, walks in the long scroll of history with a calm and leisurely rhythm.
Lisbon in the 18th century
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Porto location map
Located on the Coastal Plain, Porto is the largest port city and second largest city in northern Portugal facing the Atlantic Ocean, after Lisbon. Today, Porto and Lisbon are two of Portugal's most iconic cities.
Porto
Like the big cities in the north and south or east and west of other countries, Lisbon and Porto also have a certain kind of yuming complex, Porto claims to be the most beautiful city, but Lisbon people think porto is always raining.
This is because Porto has a Mediterranean-type climate, influenced by the oceanic climate of northern Spain, with warm and dry summers, mild and rainy winters, 900 mm of annual precipitation, and concentrated in winter, making Porto one of the wettest major cities in Europe.
badge
In fact, the tough guy momentum of the Louis I Bridge in Porto and the scenery of the banks of the Douro River are undoubtedly the Portuguese hegemons.
Porto has been inhabited as early as the 4th century AD. At that time, Porto was a commercial port, and its name meant "port". The city was founded in the 5th century AD, but in 700 AD it was in decline due to wars caused by foreign invasions.
Portugal 1647
By the way, portugal is the country's name derived from this city. The Portuguese word for Portuguese is derived from the Latin word for "port of the Gary", named after the Roman conquest of the Douro estuary region, an ancient tribe that settled at the mouth of the Douro River. During the Dark Ages, the estuary region was conquered by the Visigoths and Suvians. From the 9th century onwards, the descriptive object of the name expanded to include the area between the Douro and Minou river valleys.
Medieval Europe
In the 12th century, the city gradually formed its current model, divided into two parts: the cultural area above and the commercial area below. After the independence of the Kingdom of Portugal from the Kingdom of León in the 12th century, this was the central region of Portugal. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the discovery of the Great Voyage made Porto a shipbuilding port, and the wine produced in the Douro Valley was also sold in Porto. In 1703 Portugal signed a treaty with England and began to establish bilateral trade relations.
Great voyage
Since the 20th century, the economy has grown, with an urban population of 230,000 people, a metropolitan area of about 2.4 million, an urban area of 389 square kilometers, and the douro river, the largest river in the north of Spain, flows in the south, and the Atlantic Ocean in the west. As an important economic center in northwest portugal, Porto's foreign trade exports account for 50% of the country's total and its gross national product accounts for 1/3 of the country's total national product.
Fans
So, in terms of status, Lisbon is the capital and Porto is the central city in the north; in terms of urban population, Lisbon is the first; in terms of port size, Porto is the first; from an economic point of view, Lisbon is slightly better, it is the richest region in Portugal, and the GDP of this region accounts for 45% of the whole of Portugal.
In any case, the two cities of Portugal have their own advantages.