On the evening of October 25, 1971 local time, on the shore of the East River in Manhattan, New York, it was an important moment recorded in the annals of New China's diplomatic history. By 76 votes to the vote, 35 against and 17 abstentions, the Twenty-sixth Session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 2758 by an overwhelming majority, restoring all the legitimate rights of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations and immediately expelling the representatives of the Kuomintang authorities in Taiwan from all organs of the United Nations. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: "In 1971, after China restored its legitimate seat in the United Nations and returned to the international institutions in Geneva, it gradually participated in disarmament, economic and trade, human rights, social and other fields, providing Chinese solutions for the resolution of major issues and the formulation of important rules. ”
China is constantly fighting for the restoration of its legitimate rights in the United Nations
The United Nations, founded in 1945, pinned on the aspirations of the people of the world for "saving future generations from the terrible scourge of war that has endured twice before mankind", and carried the ideal of all countries to "live in harmony with each other in the way of being good neighbors". China was the first country to sign the UN Charter, a founding Member of the Un-United Nations and one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.
In October 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded, and the Central People's Government became the sole legitimate government representing all of China. In accordance with internationally recognized principles, the new Chinese Government should appoint representatives to participate in the work of the General Assembly of the United Nations and its related bodies and expel the representatives of the so-called "Republic of China" who are no longer able to represent the Chinese people from the United Nations. However, because the Kuomintang regime that defeated Taiwan was not willing to accept defeat, coupled with the repeated opposition of the US Government, the issue of the representation of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations could not be resolved for a long time, and China's seat in the United Nations has always been occupied by the Kuomintang authorities in Taiwan.
Since the founding of New China, in order to fight for China's legitimate rights in the United Nations, the Chinese Government and the Chinese people have waged an "unremitting and tireless struggle." The Chinese side has made it clear that China can only have one representative in the United Nations, "the United Nations, we can go in one day."
In this process, the greatest difficulty is the continuous obstruction and opposition of the United States. The United States, with its national power and influence, manipulates the United Nations. In 1950, under the auspices of the United States, the Fifth United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 396, which provided that questions relating to the representation of Member States "shall be considered by the General Assembly or, if the Assembly is adjourned, by the Resident Committees". In this way, the struggle over China's representation in the United Nations has shifted from the Security Council to the United Nations General Assembly, and the situation of the struggle has become more complicated. Since 1950, the United States has manipulated the voting machine to prevent the fifth to fifteenth sessions of the United Nations General Assembly from discussing the issue of China's representation under various reasons and pretexts. China's return to the United Nations has become extremely difficult.
In the 1960s, the international situation underwent new changes. Thanks to China's unremitting efforts, China's international status has improved significantly, And China's supporters in the United Nations' Asian, African, and Latin American member states have been increasing, and by 1960, the United States' proposal to refuse to discuss China's representation won only a slim majority in the vote.
Under such circumstances, in 1961, the United States tried to set new obstacles for China. At the sixteenth session of the United Nations General Assembly in 1961, any proposal by the United States to change China's representation was an "important issue." According to the Charter of the United Nations, "the resolutions of the General Assembly on important questions shall be decided by a two-thirds majority of the Member States present and voting". In this way, the United States has changed the number of votes China needs from a simple majority to a two-thirds majority. In order to regain its seat at the United Nations, China needs to win the support of more countries. At the Twenty-fifth Session of the United Nations General Assembly in 1970, the vote was 51 votes in favor of expelling the "representatives" of the Kuomintang authorities in Taiwan, and 47 against them. This is the first time that when the UN General Assembly voted to restore China's seat, the vote in favor exceeded the vote against. While not reaching a "two-thirds majority," the result also signals that the United States has run out of time to prevent China from regaining its legitimate seat in the United Nations.
Resolutely Opposing the Practice of "Two Chinas" at the United Nations
Due to the rapid changes in the international situation, from July 9 to July 11, 1971, US President Richard Nixon's special envoy Kissinger secretly visited China. On July 16, both sides simultaneously announced that Nixon would visit China at an appropriate time before May 1972; the leaders of the two countries met to seek normalization of relations between the two countries and to exchange views on issues of mutual concern. The publication of this announcement shocked the whole world and caused a large number of countries to begin to readjust their relations with China and prepare to establish diplomatic relations with China. In order to achieve the establishment of diplomatic relations with China, more and more countries have changed their attitudes toward China's representation in the United Nations and are inclined to vote in favor of China's return to the United Nations.
On the other hand, despite the relaxation of Sino-US relations, the United States still does not agree to the expulsion of the "representatives" of the Kuomintang authorities in Taiwan from the United Nations. In this regard, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai were very determined to fight, and proposed: "As long as the Chiang Gang remains in the United Nations on behalf of China or only on behalf of Taiwan, our side will never enter." According to Zhou Enlai's assistant Xiong Xianghui," Zhou Enlai told Kissinger that if you want to create "two Chinas" at the United Nations, the Chinese government is resolutely opposed to it and must publicly refute it.
Before the 26th session of the United Nations General Assembly in 1971, the Nixon administration of the United States had realized that more and more countries had established diplomatic relations with China, and it was difficult to keep China out of the door of the United Nations, so it joined hands with the Sato government of Japan to jointly raise the "important issue" case. Its content is that any proposal to deprive the "Republic of China" of its "representation" in the United Nations is an important issue. In addition, the governments of the United States and Japan also proposed a so-called "dual representation" case, that is, to admit representatives of the People's Republic of China to the United Nations, but "not to deprive the Republic of China of its right to represent."
The Chinese Government and the people of the Chinese absolutely cannot tolerate and resolutely oppose the US attempt to openly engage in "two Chinas" at the United Nations. On August 20, 1971, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement: Chinese and the Chinese government resolutely oppose the absurd propositions of "two Chinas," "one China, one Taiwan," or similar absurdities, resolutely oppose the fallacy that "Taiwan's status is undecided," and resolutely oppose the conspiracy of "Taiwan independence." This solemn and just stand of the Chinese Government is unshakable. No matter who, at any time, uses any form to carry out conspiracies such as "two Chinas" and "one China, one Taiwan," it will never succeed. The Chiang Kai-shek clique must be expelled from the United Nations and all its organs, and all the legitimate rights of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations must be fully restored.
The vast number of developing countries have "carried" China into the United Nations
The Twenty-sixth Session of the United Nations General Assembly, held in 1971, was the one that did justice. Since October 18, the general assembly has held a heated debate on the issue of China's seat. On October 25, the general assembly voted on three proposals for China's seats.
The assembly first voted on the so-called "important issues" proposal put forward by the United States and Japan and 22 other countries. In the end, the General Assembly rejected the proposal by 59 votes against, 55 in favour and 15 abstentions. When the electronic billboard indicated that the U.S. proposal had been rejected, the hall immediately boiled over, and there was a long round of applause in the crowded conference hall. Representatives of many Asian, African and Latin American countries sang loudly, cheered, hugged and congratulated each other, and some even left their seats and danced in the aisles. The so-called "foreign minister" sent by the Kuomintang authorities in Taiwan, seeing that the general situation was gone, was forced to announce that the delegation of the "Republic of China" would no longer participate in any agenda of the United Nations General Assembly and immediately left the venue. "The representatives of the United Nations defeated the efforts of the United States to retain Taiwan's seat in the United Nations," thus paving the way for the People's Republic of China to restore all its legitimate rights in the United Nations.
Subsequently, the General Assembly voted on the joint proposal submitted by 23 countries, including Albania and Algeria. The proposal calls for the restoration of all the legitimate rights of the People's Republic of China at the United Nations and the immediate expulsion of the "representatives" of the Kuomintang authorities in Taiwan from the United Nations and all its subordinate organs. Before the vote, the representative of the United States ran to the rostrum and demanded that the words "immediately expel Chiang Kai-shek's representatives from the seats he illegally occupied in the Organization and all its organs" should be deleted from the "draft resolution". In the face of the objections of the delegates, the President of the General Assembly ruled that the request was not in accordance with the rules of procedure.
Due to the adoption of Resolution 2758, the "dual representation" proposal of the United States, Japan and other countries became an aborted and was automatically rejected. Resolution 2758 proclaimed to the world that "the representatives of the Government of the People's Republic of China are recognized as the sole legitimate representatives of China to the United Nations organization and that the People's Republic of China is one of the five permanent members of the Security Council". At this point, all the legitimate rights of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations have been completely restored.
This is a glorious moment, a moment of victory, and deserves the pride and pride of the vast number of developing countries. As people often say, it was the vast number of developing countries that "carried" China into the United Nations. This result is not only a victory for the people of Chinese and all the peoples of the countries that uphold justice, but has also had a major and far-reaching impact on the international situation and on the development of the United Nations. As Salim, then Permanent Representative of Tanzania to the United Nations, said, "This is a declaration to the world: third world countries, small and medium-sized countries, can raise their eyebrows and express their views from the United Nations forum". (Xu Jia, || of the Central Academy of Party History and Literature.) Central Commission for Discipline Inspection State Supervision Commission website Wang Xiaoning sorted)
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