As the Xiangyue Ancient Boundary Street, pingshi village old street today's real scene. According to the Qing Dynasty's "Monument to the Reconstruction of guangtong guild hall", "The Pingshi Stone, a thousand miles northwest of Wuyang City, is a dependency of Lechang County, the capital of Shaozhou... The Beijing boat car arrived, and the tourists who traveled to and from the official business office were also there. "The Xiaolai River is full of white, and the mountain light is full of Guo Qing after the rain." The soil is fertile, the people are handsome, the water is white, the scenery is clear, and the environment is beautiful. According to the 1932 "Lechang County Chronicle", "Pingshi Street has three streets: upper, middle and lower streets, which were opened after the Qing Daoguang and gradually flourished." ”
In 1940, Sun Yat-sen University was moved from Chengjiang, Yunnan to Lechang Pingshi, except for the medical school located in Lechang City, the rest of the liberal arts, science, engineering, division, law, agriculture and advanced study classes or attached middle schools were located in Pingshi Street or near Pingshi. Due to the geographical location of Pingshi at that time, the College of Agriculture of Lingnan University, Peizheng and Peidao Middle Schools also followed, which suddenly made Pingshi, which was desolate and barren and had low cultural standards, leapt into an emerging cultural region in South China and even an important town for education in South China. For a time, Pingshi Bank was lined up, foreign goods flowed freely, and Vientiane was renewed. It is the arrival of teachers and students from various colleges and universities who are constantly improving themselves, making Pingshi a region where South China's economy and culture converge and a place where education in South China continues. When opening the various records of that time, the past of Pingshi that cannot be forgotten always makes people feel vigorous and heroic, and the spark of education in South China jumps on the paper.
The location of the former Pingshi shop is now overgrown with rape flowers.
The ancient pier of Pingshi is still the same, but the world behind the pier is no longer there.
According to some later memoirs, wartime campus life made teachers and students accustomed to having fun in hardship. On New Year's Day 1944, Ma Sicong held a special concert for the whole school; from March 18 to 19, Ma Sicong's concert was held at the Pingshi Times Theater; on April 22, under the auspices of Ma Sicong, a string performance conference was held, mainly consisting of ma Sicong's violin solos, Tibetan music poems, and famous songs "Ode to the Virgin", "Lonely Night", "Wanderer's Song", "Suiyuan Whirling", etc., as well as Ma Sicong, Huang Youdi's violin duet, and string quartet. In addition, under the direct guidance of Ma Sicong and Huang Youdi, the Zhongshi Choir held a music performance conference at the Pingshi Times Theater on April 30, including mixed chorus, quartet, solo singing, violin, harmonica, saw music and piano quartet.
Ma Sicong and Wang Muli gave birth to the next female Ma Ruixue in Pingshi. It is said that once, Ma Sicong and his wife were performing for the Pingshi crowd, and the newborn little Ruixue was left behind to be cared for by the students. Unexpectedly, Xiao Ruixue cried incessantly, and the cries reached the front desk. Wang Muli, who was playing piano accompaniment, had to suspend the performance and temporarily went backstage to feed the child. And Ma Sicong stood quietly on the stage, all the audience was noisy, all stayed in place and waited solemnly, the scene was very touching.
Mr. and Mrs. Ma Sicong with their daughter.
During this period, Mr. and Mrs. Ma Sicong had to teach students, but also engage in creation, and practiced the piano in their leisure time. Their family did not have a piano, and when they practiced at night, they had to climb to the canteen and auditorium on the hill opposite the place where they lived, and the newly purchased piano was placed in it. According to the memories of that year: whenever they practiced, we could distinguish the sound of the magnificent piano and the sound of the violin, which was our best enjoyment of the year, not to mention, it was also from the hands of well-known players. They generally played famous Western songs, and of course they played the music of our nation, and sometimes they played the exhilarating anti-war songs. When the melody of Ma Sicong's own homesickness song came over, our mood was also excited, and the feeling of homesickness and national homesickness could not help but arise spontaneously. In the past few years in Pingshi, in addition to teaching, Ma Sicong spent most of his time at home reading and composing, and several of his violin concertos were created during this period. In 1944, he composed the Violin Concerto No. 1 in F major, the first large-scale violin piece composed by Chinese, which was of great pioneering significance.
No matter when or where he is, Ma Sicong's pursuit of music has never stopped.
In 1941, in the remote town of Pingshi, 29-year-old Huang Youdi composed the world-famous anti-Japanese song "Rhododendron", which made the world hear the patriotic feelings and homesickness of the whole Chinese. "Rhododendron", the lyrics of the female student Fang Wujun, mixed four chorus, this is a poetic and picturesque anti-war romantic song.
Mr. Huang Youdi is playing.
According to violinist Yang Baozhi, at the end of the Eight-Year War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, around 1943-1944, many famous schools in Guangdong Province, such as Sun Yat-sen University and Peizheng Peidao United Middle School, set up camp in Pingshi Town, on the border of northern Guangdong and Hunan Province. At this time, my parents were also working in Peilian, and I remembered that Mr. Huang Youdi had repeatedly carried a violin and his fiancée, Ms. Liu Fengxian, and traveled a long distance from China University Normal College to the Banks of the Baisha River under Jinji Ridge to chat with our home. My mother, Liu Huixian, is a music teacher in primary and secondary schools, and she is a colleague of him, so there are many topics. He told us stories, told jokes, commented on current events. The specific content has been forgotten, only remember that although his speech has a slight accent of Gaoyao County, Guangdong, he is very eloquent, very humorous, can grab people's attention, and tell jokes without laughing. In addition, he taught us to sing his famous anti-war song "Rhododendron", which I still sing after many years.
"Rhododendron" music score.
In 1940, Wang Yanan was hired by Xu Chongjing, president of Sun Yat-sen University, to serve as a professor and head of the Department of Economics at CUHK in Pingshi Town, at the junction of Hunan and Guangdong. In addition to his teaching work at CUHK, he also founded and edited the journal "Economic Science" and wrote the book "The Origin of China's Economy", which used Marxist positions, viewpoints and methods to analyze the economic form of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which is one of the masterpieces in his economic theory system. In 1943, the famous British scholar Joseph Needham came to Pingshi to visit Wang Yanan to discuss the issue of Chinese bureaucratic politics, and then he wrote another masterpiece, "Research on Chinese Bureaucratic Politics". Wang Yanan taught Marxist-Leninist economic theory at Sun Yat-sen University, encouraged and supported progressive young students, and was respected by teachers and students, but he was hated by the Kuomintang authorities, for which he often received threatening letters from spies.
Wang Yanan.
The Origins of Chinese Economics.
In Pingshi, in 1940, there was also a sensational incident in which Professor Ding Ying, dean of the Agricultural College of Sun Yat-sen University, was kidnapped by bandits. Born in Gaozhou, Guangdong Province, Ding Ying (1888-1964) was a well-known Chinese agricultural scientist, educator and rice expert, graduating from the College of Agriculture, Tokyo Imperial University in 1924. Because of its well-known rice research at home and abroad, it is known as the "father of Chinese rice cultivation" and the main founder of modern rice research in China.
In 1938, on the eve of the Japanese invasion of Guangzhou, Sun Yat-sen University decided to move inland. The night before the evacuation, amid the rumble of cannons, Ding Ying came to the rice cultivation test field and carefully packaged more than 400 rice varieties harvested that summer until late at night; the next morning, Ding Ying sorted hundreds of fine sweet potato seedlings, and when he rushed to the dock with these "treasures", he almost missed the evacuation ship. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Ding Ying moved the campus of Sun Yat-sen University three times and was displaced. When he moved to Pingshi in northern Guangdong in 1940, he became the dean of the Agricultural College of Sun Yat-sen University, because he had a high prestige in the field of agronomy, a group of top agronomists in China gladly braved the cannon fire to teach at the College of Agriculture of Sun Yat-sen University at his invitation, so that the Agricultural College of Sun Yat-sen University gathered for a while. This laid the foundation for the "South China Agricultural College" established after liberation to become an important agricultural academic town.
Ding Ying was kidnapped by bandits in Pingshi, according to relevant records: because Ding Ying was short and fat, it was not very convenient to walk, so he often took a palanquin when he went out. Unexpectedly, some local bandits who robbed his family and house saw him walking in a car, and he was also the dean of the university and a famous professor, thinking that he was a rich man, and actually kidnapped him on a remote mountain road and offered a high ransom. This incident was a sensation and caused headaches for the key members of the Guangdong provincial government at that time. Later, through the local powerful squires to intervene, the bandits released Ding Ying back. Afterwards, the guangdong provincial government at that time allocated a sum of money to Ding Ying as compensation for the loss of robbery, but Ding Ying gave this money to the Agricultural College to buy veterinary drugs to prevent and control rinderpest for farmers.
Ding Ying, the father of Chinese rice science.
In January 1945, the Japanese army attacked Lechang and Pingshi in Guangzhou, where the units of the 9th Theater were stationed. As war approached, Sun Yat-sen University was once again forced to evacuate. The famous painter Fu Luofei has just returned to Pingshi from a painting exhibition in Chenzhou, Hunan Province, and his family has been evacuated with the school. He hurriedly bought a coffin, buried the paintings of this period in a coffin, and rushed to the train station to find his lost family. At this time, the train station was bustling with people. To the north were trains carrying arms and soldiers, and south were people desperate to flee for their lives, crowds of people crowded around the carriages, and the cries of children dispersing, the cries of searching for relatives, the cries of trampling, and the roars of soldiers mixed in the air. At such an urgent moment, Fu Luofei also lost no time in picking up his pen and sketching "Escape".
Fu Luofei's 1947 self-portrait.
Fu Luofei's "Thunderstorm Night March".
In the past four years, the Institute of Liberal Arts of the Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University has edited and published an important folklore journal in the history of Chinese folklore in Pingshi - vol. 1, No. 4, Vol. 2, No. 1 and No. 2, and Vol. 2, No. 3 and No. 4, a total of three issues, and published 45 articles of various kinds. Including famous works of folklore history, such as Yang Chengzhi's "Contents and Classification of Folklore", Hu Tiqian's "Sociology and Illustrative Folklore", Zheng Shixu's "Fang Zhi's Status in Folklore" and "History of the Development of Chinese Folklore", Luo Zhiping's "History of Folklore", Gu Tiefu's "Talk on Folk Art", Ruan Jingqing's "Psychology of Primitive Painting", etc.; it also includes translated texts that "attack jade" with the help of "The Stone of His Mountain", such as Dai Yixuan's translation from Lord Raglan's "On Witchcraft and Religion", Chen Biheng translated from J. Henry's "Methods of Learning the Language of the Primitive People", Wang Qishu translated from F. Boas's "Myths and Folklore", Wu Jun translated from Yukiji Ōkubo's "The Living Forms of the Ethnic Groups of West Asia", And So Su translated from Gordon Hussey's "Principles of Limited Possibilities in Cultural Development", etc.; there are also survey reports from the fields of northern Guangdong that describe the Yao people in northern Guangdong in detail, such as Yang Chengzhi's "Introduction to the Investigation Report on the Yao People of Northern Guangdong" and "Population Problems of the Yao People in Northern Guangdong" and "The Population Problem of the Yao People in Northern Guangdong" and "The Demographic Problems of the Yao People in Northern Guangdong" and "The Population Problem of the Yao People in Northern Guangdong" and "The Population Problem of the Yao People in Northern Guangdong" Northern Guangdong Milk Source Yao Language Notes", Wang Qishu's "Economic Life of the Northern Guangdong Milk Source Yao People", Liang Zhaotao's "Religious Beliefs of the Northern Guangdong Milk Source Yao People", Gu Tiefu's "Embroidery Patterns of the Northern Guangdong Milk Source Yao People", Huang Youdi's "Music of the Lianyang Yao People", as well as accounts of local folk customs in Pingshi, such as Zhang Shouqi's "Guanbu Marriage Customs".
The quarterly magazine "Folklore" Volume 1, No. 4, edited by Yang Chengzhi, was published in March 1942 and mobilized the bookstore to sell; the 1st and 2nd issues of Volume 2 were edited by Yang Chengzhi and published in May 1943, and the Pingshi Branch of the Chinese Cultural Service Society was wholesaled; the 3rd and 4th joint issues of The 2nd Volume, edited by Zhong Jingwen, were published in November 1945. In the extremely harsh war environment at that time, Sun Yat-sen University edited and published such a rich content and such a high academic level of folklore publications in Pingshi, making positive contributions to the development of Chinese folklore. As Yang Chengzhi said in "Compiling Residual Words": Although I dare not say how rich the achievements are. But what can be slightly trusted is that the attitude of these investigations is objective, and the conclusions are mostly based on more reliable doctrines. In today's academic circles, when this kind of learning is still in its infancy, we may say that this investigation report is by no means without much significance and contribution. Mr. Zhong Jingwen said in the "Compilation Suffix": We do not care how many accurate assertions there are in these articles, but in terms of the provision of new materials, it is also to add a little strength to our weak ethnological and folklore circles. In fact, in the field of folklore history and ethnological history, the above-mentioned periodicals occupy considerable weight, and The Northern Guangdong Pingshi is therefore constantly mentioned in the history of folklore and Yao studies.
Folklore Quarterly.
Youth Life magazine.
During his stay in Pingshi, chinese masters and students also set up many clubs, such as the Folk Style Troupe, the Cantonese Music Society, the Youth Life Club, the Political Society, etc., to promote the anti-Japanese rescue work and enliven the cultural life of teachers and students. The Folk Style Troupe performed two-act dramas with the content of hoeing rape as the content of "Grape Wine" and "The Last Drop of Blood" with the theme of commemorating the 800 heroes of the "Eight-One-Three" Shanghai War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and holding the Sihang Warehouse, which won the praise of teachers, students and the public. The Youth Life Society, led by the underground organization of the Communist Party of China, published "Youth Life" and "People's Poster", actively carried out anti-Japanese propaganda, launched the collection of winter clothes, and raised funds through musical and theatrical performances to support the soldiers in the front of the War of Resistance spiritually and materially.
Sun Yat-sen University has been relocated for seven years, and has been stationed in Pingshi for four years, and has also sent four graduates from various disciplines. These four years of Pingshi are very important in the growth process of CUHK. The whole school has perked up from the adverse effects of the migration and has always maintained the style of a famous school in South China. At that time, the teachers and students of various colleges and universities were strong and great, and they were not only able to continue their further studies and scientific research under the harsh environment, but also opened corresponding disciplines according to the local natural and humanistic conditions, carried out quite a lot of scientific experiments and social investigations, and obtained academic results that were not inferior to those of peacetime. The embarrassment of life, the hardship of learning conditions, the lack of research funds, and the instability of the current situation not only do not hinder the pace of teachers and students, but also become a driving force, encouraging them to work harder and forge ahead. When the country was in trouble, the soldiers took up guns and went to the battlefield to bravely kill the enemy, while the teachers and students of the inner migration Pingshi picked up books, picked up pens and ink, and fought in another way. They have made China's educational undertakings uninterrupted, which has played a great role in maintaining national education, the continuation of traditional culture, the imparting of modern knowledge, the improvement of the people's quality, and the cultivation of technical and construction talents needed for the War of Resistance.
The only surviving ancient building in Pingshi that has been moved.
Pingshi Millennium Huilong Temple alone in a corner, the incense is still the same.
Nowadays, we regard Pingshi as the holy land of education in South China, which carries the road of many teachers and students in the difficult years of study and the road to national salvation... It should become a place of pilgrimage for future generations, always remembering the greatness of the ordinary cast by Pingshi.