When it comes to ancient Egypt, the most important artifact is probably the Rosetta Stone. It is said to have been made in 196 BC to commemorate the first anniversary of the accession of the young Egyptian Emperor Ptolemy V to the throne. The stele is inscribed in three scripts, but the same content is spoken, the three scripts are ancient Greek, Egyptian holy script and secular script.
In other words, this stele provides a codebook, and the three scripts are compared to each other, allowing you to thoroughly understand the holy book and secular body of ancient Egypt.
What is the Sacristy? Simply put, it is used by the saints, it is the oldest script in Egypt, and it is also the most difficult to understand, and can only be used for sacred religions. For example, similar to China's "golden text", gold text and oracle bone are actually similar, the biggest difference between them is that gold text is engraved on bronze, and oracle bone, as the name suggests, is engraved on the oracle bone.
You can understand the script as a golden script, i.e. dedicated to carving temples or other religious buildings, which were only used by the priests of the pharaohs.
The sacristy is complex, and it is said to be complex because it is hieroglyphic, similar to an oracle bone. Hieroglyphs are inherently ideographic, such as drawing a scepter, which represents pharaoh and sacredness, while the Egyptian secular body is a real alphabetic script, that is, a phonetic script.
Some people have taken the ancient Chinese script as an example, saying that China can have several fonts such as oracle bone, large seal small seal, cursive script, and even simplified and traditional characters, and what is strange about Egypt to engage in three scripts (ancient Egypt also has a monk body, which has nothing to do with this article).
Even if we have 100 fonts, they are still the same in the end, and the function is unchanged but the writing method is simplified. Oracle's bird character really wants to draw a bird, which is very troublesome, you can't force every reader to be a painter first, the text is first and foremost convenient, the ancient script must be more complicated than it is now, and the inconvenient text must be gradually simplified.
But Egypt evolved from ideogram to phonetics, which is equivalent to Chinese used to english.
This is difficult to understand because it has not become modern English, but ancient Greek, which is more difficult to use than old English.
If you have read my relevant articles, you know that the main doubt in questioning the ancient Greek gods, such as Aristotle, is that ancient Greek and Latin only have the function of phonetics and cannot transmit complex knowledge.
It's a step backwards, and if language can't transmit knowledge, it's worthless.
Some people say that ancient Greek is very advanced, with both ideographic and ideographic functions, then I would like to ask, how can such an advanced language be lost?
Ancient China was not without disasters, whether it was the Five Hu Chaohua or the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the land of China was ruled by foreign nationalities several times, but the language has never been lost. Regardless of whether it was the Yuan Dynasty or the Qing Dynasty, even if they insisted on taking their own language as orthodox, they still had to use Chinese, because it was good.
The breadth and profundity of Han culture is more than half of the credit lies in language. You don't have to force anything that is easy to use, no one is a fool, the surrounding countries are affected, and the entire East Asian script can be counted as a branch of the Chinese language.
Moreover, the emperor who can unify the world must not be a fool, whether it is Kublai Khan or Emperor Taiji.
Therefore, the ancient Greek language is very advanced, but it is lost, which is actually a paradox, and what is even more contradictory is that the secular body was derived from the holy book body.
The holy body is only a record of religious knowledge, which is no problem, the ancient language was the first to do this, not afraid of not being able to say it clearly, afraid of speaking too clearly. Whether it is a priest or a priest, the biggest feature is mystery, and only if you don't understand, don't understand what they write and what they say, can you ensure authority.
The priest's authority derived from the right to interpret, and only he could explain what it meant to write a sacrifice to the gods. The same is true of our Buddhist scriptures, the source of religious authority is mysterious.
If they all understand it, religion will not exist.
But for the secular, it only needs to be expressed accurately. For example, the teacher assigns homework to the students, and the students write an essay in Sanskrit and turn it in.
Teacher: What was written?
Student: Wonderful article, wonderful.
Teacher: Explain clearly.
Student: The explanation is not clear, and it can only be understood and cannot be expressed.
You say the teacher will not beat him to death?
Or maybe you sign a contract with someone else, and someone sends an I Ching contract, and the road is very good, the contract is not a contract...
Do you say that you are happy to sign the daimyo, or do you cast the Nine Yin White Bone Black Tiger Claw, "Less TM Load X." ”
But the biggest contradiction is that the holy book body and the secular body appear on a stone tablet at the same time.
One is called the Holy Book, the other is called the world, and there must be a heavenly graben between them, and water and fire are intolerable. In other words, the secular body is the untouchable body in the eyes of the priests, and only the untouchables will use it. The priests would never have agreed to the inscription of the lowly secular body on the temple, and the holy book body would not be written to the untouchables, not to mention that on the same stone tablet, the holy book body of the secular body stood next to each other.
It is said that during the reign of Ptolemy V, the influence of ancient Egyptian culture was very weak, and people no longer cared about this, so Ptolemy V made a groundbreaking move.
But the problem is, it is not the little emperor Ptolemy who understands the holy book body, but his priest, who also supports the holy book body and the untouchable body.
Some say that there is no point in dwelling on these details, because you don't know if Ptolemy V happened to meet a particularly enlightened priest who wanted to break the stereotypes.
It is a possibility, I admit, but I reserve doubts.
Speaking of the Rosetta Stone and even ancient Egyptian artifacts, it is impossible not to mention one person, Bonaparte Napoleon.
After Napoleon's rise to fame in France, he was hated by the Overseer's Office, and in order to exclude Napoleon from Europe, the French military government issued an order to go to Egypt, occupy the Suez Canal, and cut off Britain's ties with India.
The reason why many people suspect that Napoleon forged the pyramids is because he had a large number of unusual moves during this expedition.
First of all, Napoleon brought a lot of scholars, it is said that there were as many as 175, and during the expedition, in order to protect the safety of these scholars, Napoleon also issued a very famous order, "Let the donkey and the scholar walk in the middle of the procession." ”
What scholars? Egyptian Institute.
Many people only know that Napoleon studied Chinese, but they do not know that he is also interested in Egypt, and before Napoleon's expedition in 1798, Paris, France, became a research institute, the Egyptian Research Institute. It was the first institution in the world to specialize in the study of ancient Egypt, and Napoleon himself served as vice president.
But the problem is that the world still knows nothing about ancient Egypt at this time, there is no so-called Egyptology, in layman's terms, even the Egyptian pyramids at that time no one knew.
No one knew about ancient Egypt, Napoleon was enthusiastic to serve as vice president, and took nearly 200 scholars to Egypt.
If you don't think it's strange, there's no need for us to move on.
Sure enough, as soon as Napoleon arrived in Egypt, he soon discovered the pyramids, the Sphinx, and the Rosetta Stone, which eventually became the most important tool for studying ancient Egypt.
Many people try to analyze whether the Rosetta Stone is a forgery from the preservation integrity of it, which I don't think makes much sense. As long as there is a special case in the world, such as a well-preserved stone stele of the same age in China, even if there is only one special case in the world, those people will say, since this piece can be preserved, why can't Rosetta?
Exceptions are always there, and from this point the other side can never be persuaded.
Others have tried to analyze from geology and found that rosetta was originally a vast ocean, and the sediment of the Nile had not yet accumulated into the plain.
This is indeed a scientific method, but it is too difficult, this is not something that a person or an organization can do on their own, let alone it is a foreign land. Not only do you need to travel all over the Nile Delta and measure all the data, but you also need to have a lot of ancient Egyptian data to compare.
Just by going to people's land to make measurements, you can be arrested in minutes, and from 50 years on, extrajudicial fanatic Zhang San has no drama in defending.
This seems to be scientific, but in fact it is an insoluble problem, and the difficulty is similar to the unification of the earth in Greater China and the planting of red flags in Africa.
In fact, the Egyptian government has also done this, led by the United States, inviting global geologists to explore the Nile Delta. Our country also went to people, but this matter did not make much sense, not so much as an inspection as a show, and in the end even the Egyptians were embarrassed to mention it again.
From this, it can be seen how loud the voices questioning ancient Egypt are, so big that the Egyptian government was forced to come up with this public relations method. The Egyptian government did not prove it to Chinese, and Chinese was not the first to question ancient Egypt, let alone the earliest.
But if you say that Napoleon forged the pyramids, even I don't believe him, because he only spent a year in Egypt and spent most of his time fighting. Don't say it was 1798, even in 1987, with the efficiency of the French, I don't believe they can build three great pyramids in one year.
Then again, can we say that the pyramids are real and reliable based on this alone? Not at all. As early as 1750, France had a consulate in Egypt, in Cairo. The three pyramids of Giza, close to Luo, the air is better, standing high in the center of Cairo, you can see the three behemoths.
Are the people in the French consulate blind? The Consulate in Cairo is not only set up by the French, such as the British, but also no later than the French, and the eyes of the British are also blind?
The Ottoman Empire, which ruled Egypt for nearly 300 years, was not only blind but deaf.
They all turned a blind eye to the three behemoths next to Cairo, didn't spread to the news media, didn't write books, didn't even think about going into the pyramids to see...
It was the first time I had seen Westerners so civilized, three through the door of wealth and not in, moral pacesetter.
The logic is so simple, there are such huge buildings, there must be an ancient and brilliant civilization. With the urine nature of Westerners stepping on American land and even sweeping away wild animals, I really can't understand that they have become decent gentlemen in Egypt.
I know of an ancient Greek man named Herodotus who wrote a book of history that mentioned the pyramids of Egypt. But Herodotus also wrote that Pharaoh Khufu spent all his money to build the pyramids, and finally had to let his daughter go out to sell...
The Egyptian pharaohs built pyramids with the money their daughters sold their flesh, and if you want me to believe this, either you're crazy or I'm crazy.
Let's not say whether Khufu is so generous, let's discuss her girlfriend's one-night duty... How many large stones?
If you take Herodotus' "History" as history, it is better to take our mountains and seas as a local reasoning. It's a messy mythological book, and it's not clear to you, and 90% of it is counterfeit.
I also know of a 14th-century Arab traveler, Ibn Battuta, whose travelogue Wonders of Otherworld also mentions the pyramids.
Written in considerable detail, the seventh Caliph of the Abbasid caliph tried to enter the pyramids, poured vinegar and set fires, and finally opened a small opening. Sure enough, he found the treasure, and in the end, the income was equal to the expenses of robbing the tomb (let's count him robbing the tomb).
Coincidentally, it is really very coincidental, not only to cover the pyramid with a layer of mystery, but more coincidentally, the pyramid that the caliph bombed is the pyramid of Khufu, and this opening has become the strongest evidence of the pyramid's long-term existence.
I just wonder, as early as the 14th century, the Arabs frantically suggested that there was treasure in the pyramids, why did so many people come and go for so many years, and ignore them all?
Egypt is truly a holy place for saints.
People who firmly believe that the history of ancient Egypt is true, while accusing me of a three-legged cat as a civil science, repeatedly throw out a so-called number one logic. So many ancient Egyptian artifacts in the world, all fake, how much energy does it take?
How many ancient Egyptian artifacts are there in the world? It is said that there are more than 300,000 pieces in Egypt, and about 100,000 have been lost abroad, for example, the total is 500,000.
500,000 artifacts, a lot? In any provincial-level museum in China, the number of cultural relics is in the millions.
Ancient Egyptian artifacts are not many, but pitifully few, because they have a much longer history than ours.
To give an inappropriate example, I only talked about museum artifacts earlier, who knows how many cultural relics are in the folk collection?
I say the number, 5 million pieces, do you say more or less?
Can be 100% certain and certain, absolutely less, and too few, to say that 10 million pieces are less, because places like Panjiayuan, minutes out of the endless cultural relics, as long as you have money to buy, cultural relics will never be lacking.
That's what I want to say, everyone knows that the authenticity rate of the cultural relics market is not even 1%, if there are 5 million cultural relics in the private sector, at least 4.95 million of which are fake, and this number can be increased indefinitely.
There are fake cultural relics in museums, and everyone knows it, but it has really reached the point where it cannot be distinguished, or has lost the significance of discernment.
No one in China's 5 million fake cultural relics feels absurd, what is the difficulty of the entire 50 fake cultural relics in ancient Egypt?
Of course, I don't mean to say that ancient Egypt was a complete fraud, but rather that my view of the authenticity of ancient Egypt was the complete opposite of that of ancient Greece.
Ancient Greece I think it is 90% true, it may be too prestigious, while ancient Egypt is half half, half wind and rain and half sunny.
Why do you say this, because ancient Egypt has a large number of ruins, cultural relics are simple to counterfeit, as many as you want, and ancient ruins, it is extremely difficult to build one.
There are too many details involved in this, and it is basically impossible. For example, we all know that the origin of the Sumerians has always been a mystery, in fact, it is very simple to uncover the mystery, find a Sumerian tomb, get a corpse to test the DNA, everything is clear.
Sumer was not without the remains, at least two were found in the tomb of your king, and they belonged to the royal family of your. According to the Old Testament story of the Bible, that could be the ancestor of Abraham, and even extend to the ancestors of all Westerners.
But these two bones, after being transported back to the University of Pennsylvania Museum in the United States (or a university in Pennsylvania, I can't remember exactly), were actually lost...
It was found 80 years later and is said to have been placed in an idle warehouse forgotten.
Such an important thing, involving the ancestors of Westerners, actually lost first and then forgotten...
Well, this is not to mention, let's be the Pennsylvania experts are the chemistry teachers in "Truant Veyron", forgetfulness is big.
You don't laugh, laugh again and tell you to come up and do the experiment.
A few years ago, I finally said that I found it, and I was ready to start analyzing the DNA of the bones, and then... There is no then. Don't ask me, I can't put a knife around professor Penn's neck and ask him to confess and be lenient, and it is better to stay away from this kind of forgetful professor.
In short, this incident tells us that it is really difficult to create a fake relic, and it is easy to make yourself chicken feathers and ducks and blood, and it is not good to end up.
But that's not to say that ancient Egypt is true, I just think it's watery.
For example, the pyramids of Giza, analysis to analyze is actually not interesting, we just need to understand a little, four or five thousand years ago, the ancient Egyptians, can do it?
Is this realistic? Is it logical?
That's enough to convince me that the ancient Egyptians had this ability than it would be easier for me to believe that the pyramids were forged by descendants.
My logic is as simple as that.
The Rosetta Stone is the same thing, the only stone stele left in Egypt with three scripts written at the same time, breaking through all kinds of common sense, was ignored by the Egyptians, the British, and the Ottomans; a codebook that could answer all the questions of ancient Egypt, at the most appropriate time, discovered by those who needed it most.
It's so coincidental, it doesn't even look like it's real.
What's more, it's an orphan and doesn't come with any relics.
Napoleon didn't have time to build the Pyramids of Giza, but it was more than enough to make a stone monument.
You say it's a difficult job, and the nearly 200 Egyptian experts he brought with him went to see donkeys?
I only follow the most basic logic in everything.
Sorry, in fact, there is the most important paragraph, from the history of our country to analyze the Ptolemaic dynasty does not exist. But one is too long, it is not convenient for everyone to see, and the other is that the state is not good, sick, and has been running at both ends of the hospital home, so it is so hasty.
The analysis of the history books will be placed in the next article.