Dicotyledonous plants - Bulbophyllaceae
Eukaryotic domain
Plant kingdom
Angiosperm phylum
Dicotyledonous plants
Bulbophyllum
Canellales, also known as Cinnamon, is a new order created in 2003 according to the APG II classification, including only two families: Canellaceae and Winteraceae.
Previous taxonomies, including the APG taxonomy, have grouped these two families together with other families into magnolia order. Plants of both families belong to the lowest magnolias. In this new taxonomy, the closest thing to the order Albaphora is piperier.
The scientific name Canellales of the order Camphor is composed of a composite form of the scientific name Canella of the genus Camphoraceae ( family Camphoraceae ) , plus the rank suffix - ales , which denotes the order. The word is plural, so it should be matched with the plural form of the verb when doing the subject. The Chinese name of this heading is also composed of the proper name "white camphor" in the genus "white camphor" plus the word "目".
1. Subordinate sections
Canellaceae
Winteraceae
2. Camphoraceae
Canellaceae, also known as the White Cinnamonaceae family, has 6 genera, all of which are evergreen plants rich in aromatic oils, mostly trees, but also a few shrubs. The Family Pylocyceae and the Family Linxianaceae belong together to the order Camphoraceae.
Plants of the Family Cyprinidae grow in tropical climates, mainly in South America, the West Indies, East Africa and Madagascar.
It was listed separately in the 1998 APG classification, and in 2003, the revised APG II classification included it in the magnolia branch of the order Alba.
(1) Classification history
Canellaceae Martius 1832 nom. conserv.) In the past, it was often placed near Violales, which in this system belonged to the subclass Dileniidae. However, it is now generally recognized that the family belongs to the magnolia order, although it has a ovary with a synogenic heart. I described the canellales in my 1957 system, which reflects my attempts to isolate the camphoraceae from viola and place it next to the magnolia order. It is important to note that two genera in the Cherimothyaceae family are similar to those of the Camphoraceae and also have synaptic caribular ovary and collateral membrane placenta.
Recent authors such as Wilson have identified the nutmeg family as the family most closely related to the family Pyrophyllaceae. The hypothetical ancestors of the two families in common should have had hermaphroditic flowers, several eccentric skins, and several or most ovules, and plants with such combined characteristics would of course be independent of the two families. Takhtajan (1966) suggests that the family Blauca may have evolved from some very primitive, now extinct members of the Magnolia family.
(2) Morphological characteristics
Smooth, aromatic trees (rare shrubs), thin-walled tissues with spherical oil cells (the oil mainly contains pyrene myrcene, a type of terpenoids), at least (Cinnamosma) contain benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, sometimes cyanogen substances; some parenchymal cells generally also contain calcium oxalate clusters; stem segments have trifoliary gaps; the pulp does not have transverse septum; most of the duct molecules are extremely elongated, with oblique ends, with both trapezoid and reticulated perforated plates, and the stepped perforated plates are 10-20 or more ( Cinnamodendron) 50-100 horizontal streaks; non-perforated water transport molecules with distinctly marginal striated pores that are considered true tubular cells; wood parenchymal tissue is off-tube or tubular, or both; wood-rays are mostly Kribs type I or III, with both single-row cells and multiple row cells, the former cell isomorphic, the latter mostly 2-3 (4) column cells wide, heteromorphic; phloem is not delaminated, but the rays are slightly extended outward; the sieve tube has P-type plastoids. Leaves are alternate, solitary, full margin, pinnate veins, generally covered with transparent glandular spots; stomata are flattened, or rarely irregular; The flowers form apical or axillary polygonal inflorescences or inflorescences, or solitary leaf axils, full flowers, neat, lower; sepals 3, thick leathery, shingled arrangement (also considered bracts); petals (4) 5-12, in 1 or 2 (-4) rounds and/or spiral arrangement (outer petals are also considered sepals), narrow, shingle-like arrangement, in most genera, but in the genus Canella, synygotic to the middle Most of the stamens are 6-12, or up to 35 or 40 in the genus Cinnamodendron, combined to form tubular, anthers attached to its lateral side, elongated, extroverted, each anther has four sporangia, two pairs form two side-by-side pollen sacs; pollen granules have two nuclei, spherical to boat-shaped, with a cap-column layer or cap-for-pore layer, with a single germination groove (far pole groove), or sometimes in some pollen grains with V-shaped or trigeminated germination holes; the heart 2-6, combined as a single-chamber compound ovary, the flower column is short and thick, The stigma is usually 2-6 lobes; the lateral membrane placenta is 2-6, and each fetal seat has one or two rows of ovules, each row has 2 to most ovules; the ovules are transverse, double beads, thick bead hearts, and folded bead holes. The fruit is a berry with 2 or more seeds; the seeds have a rich, oily endosperm, chewed only in the genus Cinnamosma; the embryo is small, dicotyledonous. 2n=22, 26, 28。
(3) Geographical distribution
There are 6 genera and about 20 species in the family Camphoraceae, distributed in tropical Africa (Camphor decylogena), Madagascar (Camphor spp.) and tropical America (Capsicodendron and P. dolcelia are distributed in South America, and Camphor and Camphor are distributed along the Coast of the Caribbean). Wilson believes that the two genera in South America are the oldest.
(4) More than 10 camphors
The genus Lisophorus is a genus in the family Camphoraceae.
(1) Tanzanian number of camphor
The Tanzanian camphor is a species in the genus Camphor in the family Camphoraceae, native to Tanzania.
Morphological characteristics: large evergreen tree. The bark is slightly yellowish brown; strong dark gray, soft. There is a smell of camphor. The heart sapwood is obvious. The sapwood is wide, yellowish brown to greyish brown, and the heartwood is reddish brown. The rings are obvious. The leaves are alternate, sessile, and ovate-oval. The leaves have three out-of-the-cell veins, and the axillary bulges are glands. Conical inflorescence axillary, small flowers, greenish-white or yellowish; flowers are glabrous on the outside and densely covered with short hairs on the inside; fertile stamens 9, filament induments, anthers 4 chambers, lobes, 1st and 2nd rounds of filaments without glands, in-house orientation, 3rd round of filaments at the base of a pair of sessile glands, outside the medicinal room, degenerative stamens 3, located in the innermost chakra, arrow-shaped, hairy, ovary spherical, glabrous. The drupes are ovate or nearly spherical, purple-black; fruit tray cup-shaped.
Range: Native to Tanzania.
(2) Mulanga dozen camphor
Mulanga is a species in the genus Camphor in the family Camphoraceae that can be found in Mozambique, South Africa, Eswatini and Zimbabwe. Habitat destruction is now under threat.
(5) Bulbophyllum heterogeneously
Aromatic camphor is one of the endemic plants of Madagascar, and in Malaysia it is called "mandravasarotra", which means "to keep disease away". From here, we can see that the People of Malaysia have a deep affection for it and its energy power. In a sense, the saro, which seems to have nothing special in its ingredients, provides protection like an armor shield, and this protection includes our body and mind. It is often seen as a tonic by locals and is drunk with boiled water before it requires a lot of manual labor.
The antibacterial properties of aromatic camphor are remarkable. In a 2010 experiment in Madagascar, it was even found that aromatic camphor also had a good inhibitory effect on Vibrio bacteria that are prone to appear in ponds for farmed shrimp fry, which can minimize the risk of culture. Vibrio is a bacterium of the Phylum Proteus, which can cause diseases such as diarrhea, cholera and even sepsis, and is a considerable "hostile force" in the fishing industry. The application of the aromatic camphor, which is of considerable status in the minds of the Malagasy people, is used in such an experiment, and it is also from some point of view to show that its protection is superior, and it is no wonder that some people describe its protection as "protected by this smell, just as all problems and difficulties have disappeared".
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