Friends who are familiar with the Spring and Autumn Period are all deeply impressed by the strength of the Jin Dynasty, and there is a saying: a history of the Jin Dynasty, half of the Spring and Autumn History. The Jin state, which almost monopolized the northern territory, especially in the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, its brilliance was even more undisguised, dominating the Central Plains for a long time, suppressing the expansion of the Chu State, and suppressing the three spring and autumn powers of Chu, Qi, and Qin at the same time.
The strength of the Jin state is not only manifested in politics and military, but also has a far-reaching influence on China in terms of culture, and its unique handling of the relationship between the two sides can be called the pioneer of China's "peace" culture, and the idioms related to the Jin state are also innumerable: retreating from the three retreats, destroying the false way, moving according to no soldiers, borrowing from the city, being good as a stream, forgetting selfishness, fishing in peace, thinking of danger in times of peace, ma shou is zhan, the sound of jingjing, the good of Qin and Jin, the imminent, the obedience of orders, the three dukes of one country, respect each other as guests, and want to add to the crime, what is the wordless, the past is not forgotten, and the teacher of the future is not guilty , covering your ears and stealing bells, terminally ill, trapped beasts, cold lips and dead teeth, forgetting your ancestors, greedy for heavenly feats...
The Jin State has also made great achievements in the expansion of Chinese civilization in the northern region, which can be said to be a thousand autumn contributions to our Chinese nation, Shanxi as a complete plate into the history of Chinese civilization, whether politically, geographically, ethnically, culturally, all began in the Jin State; expelled the Chi Di, Shanrong, Bai Di, etc. who were banished to the Central Plains, and integrated the Rong Di tribes, so that they accepted Chinese culture, integrated into Chinese culture, and naturalized the Central Plains, and in this regard, the contribution of the Jin State was the most significant among the Spring and Autumn princes.
However, the Jin state was not strong at the beginning, but came out step by step. This article will carry out a systematic combing, and present the history of the development of the Jin State to readers and friends in the order of the timeline from the perspective of rebirth, growth, infighting, growth, prosperity, and fission.
1. New students
The birth of the Jin Dynasty began with an innocent childhood story: "Cutting Tong FengDi", which was a joke of Tang Shuyu, the first monarch of the Jin Dynasty, and his brother King Zhou Chengwang playing in childhood, but this may have been a joke for the young King Zhou Cheng, but for the Zhou Gong, who was assisting the government at that time, it was a far-sighted decision.
The process of the matter is like this, the wise and divine King Wu of Zhou, after the success of the logging merchants, did not sit back and relax, but was extremely worried about the prospects of the country, although the Shang Dynasty died, but its ethnic forces were still very strong, the Yidi around it was also foolish, the Hedong region where the late Jin fiefdom was located was one of the biggest hidden worries, Hedong had an unparalleled strategic position, close to the two core areas of the Zhou Dynasty: the Guanzhong Plain and the Luoyang Basin, such an area was not firmly controlled in the hands of the Zhou royal family at that time. King Wu of Zhou was a heavenly son with a strong sense of distress, perhaps because he was overly worried, and after a few years, he died, and it was in this situation that the young King Cheng of Zhou ascended to the throne.
One day, King Cheng of Zhou and his younger brother Yu were playing a game, and when they were playing, King Cheng picked up a piece of tung tree leaf, cut it into the shape of a tree, and handed it to Yu, and said to his brother happily: "I will make you a prince and make you the monarch of the Tang Kingdom!" "The original name of the Jin state was the state of Tang, and when the second monarch was appointed, it was officially renamed the state of Jin. Jue is a kind of jade that the princes would use when they held ceremonies during the Zhou Dynasty, a serious ceremonial instrument, which may have been a child joke of the king, but the historian did not think so, but immediately recorded the matter, and solemnly said "The son of heaven has no joke", asking the king when he was going to divide the seal. Although the record from the Jin state is like this, in fact, this should come from the careful arrangement of the Zhou royal family for the pattern of the world, and it is likely that it is the foresight of the auxiliary chancellor Zhou Gongdan.
The division of the Jin dynasty was during the zhou gongdan's pacification of the rebellion of the three prisons, so this itself was also an arrangement for the Zhou royal family to reshape the pattern of the world. The Zhou royal family attached great importance to Tang Shuyu's subordination, and held a very solemn ceremony for canonization and the ceremony of granting land to the people, rewarding rare booty, "Dividing Tang Shu with the main road, the drum of the dense beard, the surname of Jiuzong, and the official Wuzheng." "Ceremonies, soil grants, and rewards are all easy to understand, so why give them to the people? Zhimin not only migrated from the Guanzhong Plain to a group of highly loyal Zhou people, but also arranged for Tang Shuyu to have courtiers, and the monarch could not directly manage everything alone, and the loyal "Nine Sects with the Surname of Huai" was Tang Shuyu's best helper, of course, this was also a nobleman after the Jin Dynasty.
As the homeland of Tang Yao and the land of Xia Ruins, the ancient Tang Dynasty had an extremely glorious history, and its strong sense of pride and pride made it difficult to submit to any force, and the Shang Dynasty did not extinguish this mentality for six hundred years, let alone the newborn Zhou Dynasty? This was actually a potential destabilizing factor, and sure enough, when the Three Prisons Rebellion broke out in the Central Plains soon after, the ancient Tang Kingdom also followed the trend. This chaotic situation was initiated by the "three prisons" forces of the Western Zhou royal family in conjunction with the forces of the Yin Shang remnants, and the purpose of the "three prisons" was of course for the highest power at the top of the pyramid: to assist the great power, and to unite the Yin Shang forces that were monitored by them for selfish purposes, which was too small a big picture, in fact, it was with the tiger, and the Yin Shang remnants were not involved in the "three prisons" as a wedding dress, but must be to restore the Yin Shang. Zhou Gongdan did not hesitate, decisively led a large army to quell the rebellion, the ancient Tang state was first pacified in the Hedong region, and after the counterinsurgency, the subjects of the Tang state were adjusted, some Zhou people were moved to the Tang kingdom, and a number of princely states were also sealed around the Tang state, thus strengthening the control of the Tang state.
In this historical background, the Zhou royal family divided this place among King Cheng's younger brother Shu Yu, and it was precisely in the hope that Tang Shuyu could stabilize the situation here and further control the Hedong region, so as to defend the safety of the Jing Division and the two capitals of PingFanguan.
From the title, we can also see the importance of the Jin state, the title given to the Jin state by the Zhou royal family is marquis, what is the status of the marquis? The highest title of the Western Zhou princes is gong, but the dukes and princes are actually mascots, basically the descendants of the three emperors and five emperors, which is just a means used by the Zhou royal family to buy the hearts and minds of the people in the world, and the highest title princes actually have no strength. The real strength is the second-class marquis, the main marquises are Jin, Qi, Lu, Wei, Yan, etc., these heavyweight princes are on behalf of the Zhou royal family to guard the four directions of the world, with the largest feudal area, the largest army and the greatest power, which is equivalent to the Fang Bo in the time of Yin Shang.
It can be said that the State of Jin itself was born with a golden key, and on the matter of kinship, Tang Shuyu and King Cheng of Zhou were the same father and mother, both of whom were the concubines of King Wu of Zhou and the grandson of Taigong Jiang; on title, the State of Jin was a real-world marquis and a prince who guarded the town of Great Zhou; on location, the State of Jin was located in a key area in Hedong, close to the strategic areas of Zong Zhou and Chengzhou.
At that time, the newborn Jin Kingdom was like a rising sun, and its light was enough to cover the surrounding countries, but even so, who would have thought that the Jin Kingdom could eventually grow into a giant-like existence!
2. Growth
The growth of the Giant is also completed step by step, at least in the history of the First Two Hundred Years of the Jin Dynasty, there is no potential for the Giant, and the Tang Shuyu era is to represent the Zhou royal family to explore the land in Hedong.
Why is it pioneering? Let's take a look at the situation around the early Jin Dynasty, Tang Shuyu's fiefdom is located in the east of the Fenhe River, Fang Baili, the capital Yicheng, that is, the area around the ancient Tang Kingdom, the ancient Tang Kingdom because of its failure to participate in the Three Prisons Rebellion, its land was divided into Tang Shuyu, because of historical reasons, the area around the Wing City is full of RongDi, also known as Xia Rong. At the beginning of the Jin Dynasty, the Datong Basin and Taiyuan Basin in northern Shanxi were completely occupied by Xia Rong, while the Hedong region in southern Shanxi was divided into princely states of Western Zhou in the Linfen Basin and Yuncheng Basin, and there were also many XiaRong in between, and the mountains around the Linfen Basin and Yuncheng Basin were almost all occupied by Xia Rong.
Hedong, as the hometown of Tang Yao and the former capital of the ancient Yao Shunyu era, why are there so many Xia Rong? This should start from the Shang Dynasty, the center of the Xia Dynasty's rule is in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, combined with today's archaeological achievements, the three sites of Shijiao, Tao Temple, and Erlitou are most likely the three central cities of the Xia Dynasty, and the corresponding areas are just near Yulin in Shaanxi, near Yuncheng in Shanxi, and near Yanshi in Henan in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, although these areas were occupied by the Shang Dynasty, but after Xia Jie's descendants retreated into the northern grasslands, they still used the Hetao area as a base to continuously harass the Shang Dynasty. The Shang Dynasty had to abandon the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, in fact, it was northern Shaanxi and southern Jin, and the Tang Dynasty Wing City was in these areas abandoned by the Shang Dynasty. After the Shang Dynasty abandoned, the xia jie descendants tribe was quickly filled in in large quantities, which itself was the hometown of the Xia Dynasty, and the descendants of xia jie could easily control this place for a long time, which was also the historical reason for so many xia rong around Yicheng.
The Xia Dynasty was an orthodox farming civilization, so why were its descendants called Xia Rong?
This has to start from the survival needs of the Xia Dynasty descendants after the demise of the main body of the Xia Dynasty. Although the main body of the Xia Dynasty died, the historical prestige of the Xia people for hundreds of years, after their descendants retreated into the nomadic area of Hetao, it was easy to unite the nomadic tribes and form a new force, and the military strength of this new nomadic force was particularly strong. Soon, the descendants of the Xia Dynasty were pleasantly surprised to find that the new forces they had integrated were strong enough to make it difficult for the Shang Dynasty to gain a foothold in the xia Dynasty's homeland, which led to the eastern part of Shaanxi and the whole territory of Shanxi being almost occupied by the descendants of Xia Jie, and there were also records of large-scale confrontations between the Shang Dynasty and Xiyi in the early days of the Shang Dynasty in the excavated oracle bones, which is likely to describe the historical events of this period.
Taking Hetao as the base, if the descendants of Xia Jie go south, they can go down the Yellow River, which is a more difficult road to take; from the perspective of geographical structure, it is much easier to walk from the Hetao area into the Datong Basin and Taiyuan Basin, and more Xia Jie descendant tribes should take this road, and these Xia Jie descendant tribes that have entered all parts of Shanxi have taken root, and under the leadership of Xia Jie's descendants, they have finally integrated with the local ethnic groups to form a half-farming and half-pastoral lifestyle, which is likely to be the origin of Xia Rong in Shanxi.
The Shang Dynasty was still powerful, and although it could not fully control the Shanxi region, it still established a number of princely states in the Taiyuan Basin and The Hedong region, showing a strong military presence. The basin is mixed with Xia Rong, and the mountains are full of Xia Rong, and in the later period, under the continuous blows of the Shang Dynasty forces, although these Xia Rong tribes slowly submitted to the Shang Dynasty, this pattern of ethnic distribution continued until the Zhou Dynasty, which was the reality around the jin state when it was first sealed.
The reason why Xia Rong is introduced in such a large space is because it is directly related to Tang Shuyu's governing policy in the future. In this kind of Yixia mixed living environment, if the ancient system of governance is carried out according to the farming system of the Zhou Dynasty, it is bound to cause huge social turmoil and will be very unfavorable to the world order ruled by the Zhou Dynasty.
After Tang Shuyu took office as a feudal state, after a period of full investigation, he deeply understood the complex current situation of Tang Land, and this core area of the former Xia Dynasty still had a strong Xia cultural custom, and the surrounding Rong Di was everywhere, and there were very heavy Rong Di customs.
Tang Shuyu adapted to local conditions and took advantage of the situation to open up the governing policy of "starting with xia government and Xinjiang with Rongsuo" in the Jin Dynasty. Qi Yi Xia Zheng is to respect the living habits of the descendants of the local Xia Dynasty and govern the local area according to the Xia Dynasty calendar, tax law and other Xia Dynasty systems; Xinjiang Yi Rong Suo is based on the current situation of the local Yixia mixed ethnic groups, in view of the characteristics of Rong Di's heavy goods and light land, using Rong Di's customs to govern Rong Di. To put it simply, it is to adhere to the xia system and summer culture as the governance policy, while taking care of the living customs of the Rong di, everyone lives together under a blue sky, to put aside disputes, live a harmonious coexistence, live their own lives well, and do not make trouble. This understanding is much clearer, and this is not the prototype of today's minority policy.
Bridging ethnic contradictions and stabilizing the political situation are only the short-term effects of this policy, and in the long run, there is a greater role. Although rongdi is a factor of instability, after all, the number of people is large, but if it can be used, it can become a very considerable population resource, in the era of agricultural civilization, population represents national strength, and the rongdi tribe is generally more effective. Throughout the six hundred years of the history of the Jin Dynasty, it can continue to absorb the power of Rong Di as its own, and has always been the most experienced country in handling Rong-Di relations among all the princely states, which is due to the continuation of the policy of "starting with Xia Zheng and Xinjiang with Rong Suo" in the Tang Shuyu era.
The correct policy soon produced good results, and the various ethnic groups lived in harmony, so the situation in the Jin State soon stabilized. Once the situation is stable, it is necessary to consider the construction and development of the country.
To build the country and develop national strength, the most important thing is to develop agricultural production, tang shuyu after sealing the Tang land, attaches great importance to agricultural development, from the very beginning of the arrangement of agricultural production, agriculture is a systematic project, measurement, land reclamation, dredging water conservancy, selection of seeds, seedlings, farming ...
Perhaps those who work hard can also see that in the second year of Tang Shuyu's sealing, the land of the Jin Dynasty actually grew xiangrui "Jiahe". Jiahe is a spike that grows on the stem of two crops, which the history books call "different acres and the same ying", which is considered to be "the image of the world and the same". Such auspiciousness in the Western Zhou Dynasty meant that the country was in good shape and the government was in harmony, and no matter what the facts were, at least the common people would think so, which was a great benefit to the Jin Dynasty. That is, Xiangrui is just the Xiangrui of the Jin Dynasty, but the Xiangrui of the entire Zhou Dynasty, so Tang Shuyu personally dedicated this Xiangrui to king Zhou Cheng, who was very happy to give Jiahe to the Duke of Zhou and write "Feeding He", and the Duke of Zhou accepted the gift of He to praise King Zhou Cheng, and wrote "Jiahe", which came and went and was also rich in poetry, which is also a great historical beauty.
Of course, Tang Shuyu was able to leave his name in history, not by the favor of the Mandate of Heaven, but by the spirit of struggle of really doing solid work; Tang Shuyu inspired himself with the glorious memory of "the domain of Yao Shun and the land of Xia Ruins", and gradually calmed down the sharp national contradictions under the principle of "enlightening the government of Xia, and governing the country step by step with Rongsuo", agriculture and animal husbandry were developed significantly, and the nascent Jin state began to show a vibrant and prosperous image.
Tang Shuyu came to Tang Land with the arduous task entrusted by Tianzi's brother, and he did not live up to the trust of King Zhou Cheng. Under his leadership, the Jin state gradually became stronger and more prosperous and the country was peaceful. The descendants of the Jin Dynasty are very grateful for the historical merits of Tang Shuyu, and the shrine dedicated to Tang Shuyu is even more enduring, rebuilt successively, and the scale is huge, which is the birthplace of the Zhang and Wang clans in the world today, and it can even be said that more than half of the Chinese can come to the Jin Ancestral Hall to recognize the ancestors and return to the ancestors, and Tang Shuyu has almost become the third ancestor of China besides Yan and Huang.
After Yu's son Xie succeeded to the throne, he officially changed the name of the country from "Tang" to "Jin". Although the name of the country has been changed, the policy of governing the country has been passed down.
The successful practice of the governing principle of "Starting with Xia Zheng and Xinjiang with Rongsuo" has been passed down in the Jin State for a long time, and has become the traditional national policy of the Jin State, and has also become the national soul of the Jin State, and the Jin State at this stage can be called the "soul casting period", and it is also under the guidance of this national soul that the Jin State has become strong and prosperous, becoming an absolute great power and a powerful country in the Hedong region.
3. Infighting
From the beginning of the Jin Dynasty, after several generations of yanlu blue wisps, the national strength has also jumped from a small princely state with a radius of 100 miles at the beginning to a powerful prince with a vast territory, and by the western zhou year, nearly three hundred years of growth, the Jin state has developed into the leading power east of The Kunshan Mountains.
History developed to the zhou ping king period, in the process of the zhou ping king moved east, the jin state guard meritorious service, became an important reliance on the zhou royal family, during this period the jin state monarch was the Marquis Wen of Jin. Marquis Wenhou of Jin was a very accomplished monarch, his civil rule and martial arts were very outstanding, and during his reign, the national strength of the Jin state was greatly enhanced, and the territory of the country was expanded to a certain extent.
Marquis Wenhou of Jin was so outstanding, and his younger brother was also outstanding. The "History of the Jin Dynasty" records that Marquis Wen's brother Huan Shu was "virtuous, and all the people of the Jin State were attached", and he was good at buying people's hearts, and had already formed a powerful political force in the Jin State.
After the death of Marquis Wen of Jin, his son Marquis Zhaohou of Jin succeeded to the throne, and Uncle Huan's forces also began to stir, intending to replace him. In the sinister political struggle, the young Marquis Zhaohou of Jin was inferior to the old and spicy Uncle Huan, and after some trade-offs, decided to seal his uncle to Quwo, "so he sealed Uncle Huan yu Quwo, and Marquis Jing's grandson Luan Bin Fuzhi."
However, this was not a good idea, so that although he let his uncle leave the political center and avoided the disaster within the Xiao Wall, it also belonged to an act of returning to the mountain, and sealing Huan Uncle Yu Quwo was equivalent to dividing the Jin state in two, and also gave Huan Uncle the opportunity to do it alone. Moreover, Quwo is more fertile, compared with the capital wing city in the alpine area, quwo land conditions in the plain area are better, the economy is more developed, is the largest city of the Jin Dynasty, and over time its comprehensive strength will inevitably be above the wing city.
The subsequent historical development is indeed unexpected by the world. Later, the chancellor Pan Father killed Marquis Zhao, wanting to make Uncle Huan a king, but "no", the Yicheng side established Marquis Zhao's son Jin Xiaohou as the monarch.
After Uncle Huan's death, his son succeeded him to the title of Quwo Zhuangbo. After Quwo Zhuangbo succeeded to the throne, he sent troops to attack Yicheng to seize control of the entire Jin state.
This decades-long power struggle between Wing City and Quwo was fought for more than seventy years.
In the course of this internal struggle of the Jin Dynasty, Yicheng has always adhered to the orthodoxy of etiquette, and its consistent strategy is to honor the royal family and make external alliances better than the surrounding princes, on the one hand, to obtain the support of international public opinion, on the other hand, when encountering the armed attack of Quwo, often turn to the Zhou royal family and the surrounding princes, and the Zhou royal family and the surrounding princes have indeed provided military support several times and strongly supported the Yicheng side.
The Quwo side is pragmatic, everything is oriented by interests, and when it encounters the right opportunity, it will destroy a small country by the way to enhance its own strength, and from time to time it will fight the idea of the surrounding Rongdi to obtain population and land, although there is no foreign aid, but its own strength has been growing continuously.
In the process of the continuous growth of the strength of the Quwo side, the Yicheng side tied its hands and feet due to its adherence to the Zhou Ritual, unable to destroy other countries and strengthen itself, and when other princes helped them resist Quwo, they also needed to treat and thank, which consumed a lot of financial and material resources. Moreover, because he had to guard against Qu Wo's attack at any time, he did not have enough strength to fight the grass valley of the Rong Di, and he could not replenish blood from the outside.
The Quwo side continued to grow itself, while the Wing City side could only sit still, and although there was strong foreign aid, the result was still inevitable.
In 679 BC, Qu Wo Huan's grandson Qu Wo Wu Duke finally succeeded in invading Yicheng, killing the Marquis of Jin and replacing yicheng. Although in fact it replaced Emperor Dazong, it still needed Zhou Tianzi's approval to be legitimate, and the clever Wugong gave all the property obtained from Yicheng to Zhou Tianzi. The Heavenly Son, who had gained the benefits, had no choice but to go down the slope and recognize Qu Wo Xiaozong's legitimate status as the Duke of Jinwu.
Looking back at the cause of the whole incident, perhaps the names of the two brothers of Marquis Wen of Jin did foreshadow the fate of their descendants, the name of Marquis Ji of Jin was given when Marquis Mu of Jin lost the battle, and the name of Huan Uncle Ji Chengshi was given when Marquis Mu of Jin won the battle. However, after all, the prediction of fate is a mysterious and mysterious thing, Quwo Xiaozong does not stick to the limitations of Zhou Li, poor as far as possible to develop their own strength, but also strive to be strong, ambitions are high, this is the reason why he can win in the end. If it is forced to be fate, it is also the fate given to Qu Wo by the times, and only in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty when Li Le collapsed, qu Wo Dai Wing had the possibility of realization.
This decades-long power struggle within the Jin dynasty had an extremely profound impact on both inside and outside the Jin Dynasty. Judging from the entire historical trend of the Spring and Autumn Period, Xiaozong replaced Dazong by force, seriously challenging the patriarchal system, and the Zhou royal family reluctantly admitted this result, which meant that the prestige of Zhou Tianzi was seriously reduced, and the so-called collapse of Lile was like this, which slowly tore open the small mouth, and finally formed a historical trend, and finally irreparably buried the historical mission of the Zhou Dynasty.
The cruel struggle for interests of the "Quwo Daiyi" has a far-reaching impact on the internal affairs of the Jin state, and since then, the vigilance of successive monarchs against the seizure of the concubine by the princes has been extremely keen, and Uncle Huan's line of choosing the political position of "no relatives" has finally formed the political tradition of the Jin state, putting the cold interests above the warm clan relations, which is caused by the deep desire for power in human nature, and all family affection can be given up for the sake of interests. Moreover, in the later historical process of the Jin Dynasty, on this road of "no relatives", it went farther and farther, and finally went to the extreme, which is the last word.
Jin Guoxuan chose "interest-oriented, strength is respected", completely sending the patriarchal system into the waste paper of history, which means that the Jin dynasty officially entered the Spring and Autumn Era. However, with the end of the chaos of the "Quwo Daiyi", the Jin state finally ushered in internal unification, and the stability of the country's internal affairs laid the foundation for the Jin state to compete for hegemony in the Central Plains.
More than seventy years of internal turmoil have wasted too much time, and the Jin State needs to catch up with the pace of the times as soon as possible, otherwise there is a danger of falling behind.
Fortunately, there was still time, and then the Jin State would show what it was called "late completion of the big instrument" and "late arrival", and this historical task was handed over to the hands of the Jin Gong.
So, how did Jin Xiangong perform? Let's move on to the next section.
4. Grow
Duke Wu of Jin died the year after he officially entered the Jin dynasty, and was succeeded by his son Duke Xian of Jin. Although there were no contradictions within the Gong clan in the Jin Dynasty, the Jin State had many years of internal turmoil and the whole country was in ruins to be rebuilt, and if it wanted to develop further, it was first necessary to clean up the domestic mess and gather strength.
The first hundred years of spring and autumn were the era of rongdi rebellion, and the Guanzhong region and the Central Plains were full of rongdi figures, not to mention the Hedong region. In the first seventy years of the Spring and Autumn Period, there was internal discord within the Jin state, and there was no time to completely clean up Rong Di, and the first thing Jin Xiangong did when he took office was to take Rong Di to the knife.
Although the military strength of the Jin state was very strong, the Jin state was still used for the consistent policy of the Jin state: rigidity and softness, and the Huairou side mainly treated the fox clan Da Rong and Xiao Rong, and adopted its Da Rong chief as the Jin State Doctor, married the daughter of its Da Rong chief as a concubine, had a son as the later Jin Wen Gong Zhong'er, married the daughter of his Xiao Rong chief as a concubine, and gave birth to a son as the later Jin Hui Gong Yi Wu. The main force of the military conquest was Li Rong in Hexi, and Li Ji, who was later extremely spoiled by the Duke of Jin, was also captured in this war.
Judging from the matter of the Jin Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty and other princes have a great difference in concept, and the offices of various countries in this period attach great importance to the purity of blood, and the marriage between the Ji surname and the Jiang surname is a general trend, and the marriage with the Rong Andhombrandium is a shameful act. However, the Duke xian of Jin did not care about these, and Yiwu and Zhong'er, who had rongdi blood, later served as monarchs, but this was an advantage for the jin state, and the rongdi would feel that the jin state was close, the Zhou Tianzi was still regarded as a clan humerus, and the princes of the Central Plains were still regarded as the allies of the Xia.
The Rong Di were close to the Jin State, so the absorption and annexation of the Jin State did not seem particularly difficult. After sixteen years, the Duke of Jin finally settled the Rong Di around the Jin State, stabilized the domestic situation, and absorbed all the Rong Di departments into nutrients, supplementing the national strength of the Jin State.
Taking advantage of the favorable conditions of the country's stability, the Duke of Jin Xian took advantage of the situation to annex a number of princely states in Hedong.
The first to be annexed by the Jin Xiangong was the State of Yu, which was both a geostrategic need and a result of hatred, and in the process of Quwo's wing, the State of Yu was particularly active in suppressing the Quwo side, so the Jin Xiangong of the Quwo side naturally hated the State of Yu to the bone, and the process of destroying the State of Yu also destroyed the State of Yu, which was to "cut down the False Road".
In addition to eliminating the state of Yu and Yu, they also eliminated the states and tribes of Huo (southwest of present-day Huozhou), Yang (south of present-day Hongdong County) in the north, Rui (in the western part of present-day Ruicheng County and the area around Dali and Chaoyi in Shaanxi), Wei (central and eastern part of present-day Ruicheng County, not the state of Wei during the Warring States period), the state of Hao (i.e., Xun, in present-day southern Linyi County), the state of Geng (southeast of present-day Hejin City), the state of Ji (northeast of present-day Hejin City), the state of Li Rong (present-day Hua County, Shaanxi), and the Chidi (i.e., Dongshan Gaoluo, present-day Yuanqu County), and other states and tribes, and the middle reaches of the Yellow River were all owned by the Jin State. Together with the State of Qi, the State of Chu, and the State of Qin, it became the top four at that time.
In the process of annexing the princes around Hedong, the Jin State hardly set off much waves, but left behind two idioms: "false road cutting" and "cold lips and dead teeth". The strength of the Jin State was evident through this process.
The Linfen Basin, the Yuncheng Basin, part of the Taiyuan Basin, part of the Hexi Region, and parts south of the Yellow River were all the land of the Jin Dynasty at this time.
The Duke of Jin actively expanded to the outside world, annexed many surrounding princely states, and greatly expanded the territory of the Jin state, which is known in history as "seventeen and thirty-eight".
The Jin dynasty was growing itself, but the early merger of Rong Di caused a chain reaction in the Central Plains, which eventually led to a huge disaster in the Central Plains.
Under the continuous suppression of the early Jin Dynasty, not all rong di were annexed to the Jin state, and those who did not want to be soft migrated collectively to the eastern mountains, and the Chi di who originally lived in the Changzhi Basin were squeezed and began to migrate to the east, and the chain effect was that there were constantly chi di rushing from the Taihang Mountains into the North China Plain. What happens when the savages from the ravines of the uprooted and starving flock to the bustling metropolis of the Central Plains? After the Rong di were shocked by the prosperity and richness of the Central Plains, what they immediately thought of was definitely to take it for themselves. The first to bear the brunt was the Weiguo, the city of Chaoge was breached, the Weiguo died, only a thousand people fled, and then the Xingguo died. Fortunately, with the help of the Duke of Qi Huan, the State of Wei and the State of Xing were restored east of the Yellow River.
Under the order of The Duke of Qi Huan, the princes of the Central Plains collectively used force against Chi Di, and the Jin state, as one of the Xia, naturally needed to take action. The State of Jin chose to directly attack the most powerful ChiDi, sent the crown prince Shen Sheng to conquer the Dongshan GaoLuo clan around today's Jincheng, defeated them, and successively recovered the Chaoge, Hanoi, Handan, Baiquan and other places occupied by the Chidi, and the Jin state unceremoniously took these Weiguo's old places as its own.
From this process, it can be seen that although the princes of the Central Plains are rich, their combat effectiveness is average, and although the Jin State is relatively poor, its combat effectiveness is very fierce, and it hit the key point of Chidi with one shot, which makes Chidi, who is like a locust in the central plains, lose its organization and effectively extinguish Chidi's arrogance.
This Chidi rebellion had a great impact on the Central Plains, and the Princes of Qi Huan and the Nine Princes were able to extinguish it, but the final result was to damage the Central Plains and enrich the Jin Kingdom, was this a divine assist that Chi Di gave to the Jin State? In short, after the end of this chaos, the Jin state expanded to the southeast of Jin and Hanoi, and has broken into the North China Plain, and can finally face the Central Plains.
During the reign of Duke Xiangong of Jin, the land area expanded several times, which can be said to be the most important period of growth in the history of the Jin State. However, with the growth of national strength, the mentality of Jin Xiangong is also changing step by step, and the mentality changes and will be put into action.
After Duke Xian of Jin became the monarch, he was very worried about internal disputes within the government, and the bloody facts in the history of the Jin State made Duke Xian of Jin extremely sensitive in this regard. His grandfather Huan's other sons, that is, Xiangong's uncles, slowly developed and grew, and Jin Xiangong was worried about threatening his position. Based on this, the Jin Dynasty launched an incident known in history as "killing all the princes of the group".
After "killing all the princes", the Jinguo Gongfu had already been wiped out by the Xiangong, and I really didn't know whether the Xiangong courtiers had eliminated the Gongfu out of loyalty or conspiracy, and had eliminated the greatest source of power of the monarch, so who would support the Ji surname to be firmly in the position of the monarch? Of course, this is only a long-term problem, not a near-term worry, and the near-term worry that the Gong gong is worried about is the issue of succession to the throne, and on this issue, the Gong Gong will still go further.
When the Jin Dynasty was eight years old, destroying the relatives of the gongfu and beginning to seek hegemony, Crown Prince Shensheng had reached adulthood and led many expeditions to win, and he was known as a virtuous name in the government and the opposition, and his prestige among the courtiers was very high. Such a prince has become the second center of power unanimously recognized by the whole country, and the majestic prince such as Jin Xiangong has begun to be incompatible, and the father-son relationship at this time has long been thin, and it is even less important in the balance of power.
In addition to the crown prince, Xiangong also had two particularly virtuous sons, namely Shige'er and Yiwu. Zhong'er's mother and Yiwu's mother were sisters, two fox daughters who were married when The Duke of Jin xian attacked the Fox Clan Rong. But when it comes to the most beloved woman of the Gonggong, no one can compare with Li Ji.
The young and beautiful Li Ji was favored by The Duke of Jin, and later gave birth to gongzi Yiqi. In order to maintain the status of Qi Qi, but also for his long-term wealth, Li Ji constantly blew pillow wind to Jin Xiangong.
The Duke of Xian eventually moved the crown princes Shensheng, Zhong'er, and Yiwu out of the capital of the country, and Prince Shensheng was later forced to commit suicide. In addition to these three men, the other sons of Gong Xian were also sent to the border, and only Li Ji's sons and mourning sons were left in the capital.
In this way, can we ensure that The Jin Dynasty will succeed to the throne in order, and the subsequent development is contrary to the idea of the Duke of Xian, not only did it not have a stable transmission of the Qi Dynasty, but it pushed the Jin State into a turmoil, which is the last word.
Jin Xiangong comprehensively killed the Gong clan and banished all the princes except the heirs of the monarch, which is the ultimate of the road of "Jin Wu Gong Clan", the country no longer has the kinship of the Gong Clan, and can completely let the Qing masters exert their talents, and the political traditions of "Shang Xian", "Shang Gong" and "Shang Fa" have taken root in the Jin State, and have been deeply practiced in the Jin State before the emergence of the bureaucratic class, which is the precocious maturity of the Politics of the Jin State, from the perspective of human feelings, this is cold-blooded and cruel, but this kind of political cold-blooded ruthlessness, However, it made the Jin State embark on the peak of the Spring and Autumn Period.
During the Warring States period, the legal sages Li Wu, Wu Qi, Shang Martin, Shen Bujian, Le Yi, Ju Xin and others were almost all born or raised in the Three Jins region, which is not unrelated to the political atmosphere cultivated by the "Shang Xian", "Shang Gong" and "Shang Fa" of the Jin Dynasty.
No matter how dim-witted The Duke of Jin was in his later years, his historical merits during his reign were still enormous, and the territory of the Jin State expanded several times in his hands, and at that time its territory included southwestern Jin, southeastern Jin, part of central Jin, Hexi, south of the Yellow River, Hanoi and other regions.
Jin Xiangong attacked from all sides and began to officially enter the ranks of the Central Plains Hegemony, and these efforts laid a solid foundation for the imminent arrival of the Jin Wengong Struggle for Hegemony.
5. Flourishing
The heyday of the Jin state began with the Duke Wen of Jin. During the jin wengong period, the Jin state once again ushered in a climax of development, the alliance of Qin and Qin and the attack of Cao, the rescue of Song Fuzheng, the help of Zhou Mu to quell the rebellion of the Zi Belt, the defeat of Chengpu Chu, and the alliance of the land made Jin Wengong the second Spring and Autumn hegemon after The Duke of Qi Huan, and since then, almost all the time when the Jin state has dominated, and it is also the peak period of the Jin state. It can be said that in the second half of the history of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Jin State has always been the protagonist, which can almost be called the Jin Dynasty.
Jin Wengong is so impressive in history, but his road to becoming a monarch is very bumpy.
At that time, Zhong'er was expelled from the country by his father Xian Gong and forced into exile for nineteen years, going to Andy, Wei, Qi, Cao, Song, Chu, Qin and other countries, because of his fame and fame, most countries treated him well, during this period, Zhong'er was also able to personally understand the feelings of the people of various countries, befriended the monarchs, doctors, and celebrities of various countries, experienced and grew, and enhanced international insight, which laid a very good foundation for the subsequent ascension of the Jin state to the position of hegemon.
During the period of heavy ear exile, the Jin state experienced several civil strife and the decline of the country. Let's take a brief look at the process.
Xi Qi, the heir designated by Duke Xian of Jin, was also the son of Li Ji. However, the Qing doctors did not support Xi Qi, so Xi Qi was assassinated. Later, another son of Li Ji, who was supported, was assassinated again, and Li Ji was also killed, which shows that the monarch is not a king who can be anyone, and the strength cannot be hard to go up, but the result is self-destruction, and the country is also in civil strife.
In order to end the civil unrest, the Qing masters welcomed Yiwu, who lived in the Qin state, as the monarch of the country, and was the Duke of Jin.
During the reign of Duke Hui, he lost virtue to Zhu Qing, betrayed his faith, killed his ministers without permission, and did not attach himself to the people of the country; foreign disillusionment was lost in neighboring countries, Qin Mugong first helped Jin Huigong to get the throne, and then helped Jin Huigong to tide over the famine, twice to help Jin Huigong, in exchange for treachery, falling into the stone, destroying the good situation of Qin and Jin, and finally incurring the Qin army to conquer, lose troops, and lose land.
After the unintended Huigong died, although he passed on to his son, he quickly lost his life.
When his uncle Zhong'er was escorted back to China by Duke Mu of Qin, he was welcomed by everyone from the doctor to the people, and was soon made the Duke of Jin, and Duke Huai was killed. How much the people of the Jin Dynasty wanted to end the chaotic days in the country and let the Jin Kingdom go on the right path, Jin Wengong did not disappoint them. Maintaining a virtuous name after suffering hardships, and leading the Jin dynasty to take off after gaining power is the true portrayal of Jin Wengong.
If you want to dominate the world, you must first cultivate your internal skills and make yourself strong. Since Duke Wen of Jin succeeded to the throne, he has been diligent in government affairs, and has also given generous rewards to Zhao Wan, Hu Yan, Jia Tuo, Xianxun, and Wei Wuzi, who have long followed him, and has jointly governed the Jin state from top to bottom; militarily, it has also begun to carry out reforms, setting up the upper, middle, and lower armies, expanding the army, and establishing six secretaries, and integrating military and government; diligently repairing internal affairs and military changes, the Jin state soon became prosperous.
While practicing internal skills, Jin Wengong also began to seek hegemony over the outside world, and there were two most important things on the road to hegemony: one was to pick up the banner of Qi Henggong's "Zun Wang Zhiyi" and protect the Zhou Chamber; second, through the Battle of Chengpu, he defeated the invincible Chu state and curbed the momentum of the Chu state's march into the Central Plains.
In the early Rong Di chaos in the Central Plains, the Qi Heng Gong Jiuhe princes defeated Rong Di and expelled Rong Di, but there were still some Rong Di tribes left in various parts of the Central Plains, and the Rong Di invaded the Central Plains after a failure, and began to change their strategy, through the harem to plague the Zhou royal family, to support the pro-Rong Di princes to take the throne, known in history as the "Rebellion of the Sub-Belt". Duke Wen of Jin seized the historical opportunity and, in the name of The Same Origin of Zhou and Jin, led troops to escort King Xiang of Zhou back to Beijing before the State of Qin and defeated the prince belt.
Because of this feat of defending the country, King Xiang of Zhou not only rewarded yangfan and Hanoi with land to Duke Wen of Jin, but also rewarded Duke Wen of Jin with the right to freely conquest. This is equivalent to the supremacy of the Duke wen of Jin being recognized by the Zhou royal family, although the Zhou royal family has declined greatly at this time, but the name of the Zhou Tianzi is still a legal symbol, which is very important.
Although the hegemonic position was recognized by the royal family, if it did not defeat the barbarian Chu who was strong at that time, it was obvious that the princes of the world could not be completely convinced.
The opportunity came immediately, the State of Chu sent troops to attack the State of Song, and the State of Song sent people to the State of Jin for help. Duke Wen of Jin, having received favors from the State of Song during his exile, decided to send troops to rescue the Song. On the one hand, Jin Wengong sent troops to carry out the two states of Cao and Wei, which were subordinate to the Chu state, and on the other hand, he lobbied Qi and Qin to jointly send troops against the Chu state.
In the first stage, it first started with the Weiguo and won the initial battle, laying the foundation for the alliance between Jin and Qi, and also forcing the Lu state to split out of the Chu camp.
The second stage is to encircle Cao and enter Cao. At this point, the two states of Cao and Wei, who were attached to the Chu state, were conquered, and the land weakened the power of the Chu state. Then he used Xianzhen's strategy to make Qi and Qin "happy and angry", and formed an alliance with Jin to resist Chu, in order to relieve the Worries of the Jin State.
In the third stage of the head-on confrontation with the State of Chu, the State of Jin appropriately chose the battlefield to avoid the sharp edge of the main force of the State of Chu, and the following army first attacked the armies of Chen and Cai, which formed the right wing of Chu, and the Right Division of Chu was defeated. With the strategy of "avoiding the strong and attacking the weak, and falsely luring the enemy", the final decisive battle was won.
In the Battle of Chengpu, the Jin state won a great victory, the Jin Wengong established hegemony, and the northern advance of the Chu state was frustrated, and it was forced to retreat to the area south of tongbai mountain and Dabie mountain, and the princes of the Central Plains all went to the Jin state.
After the Duke Wen of Jin, there were many monarchs such as the Duke of Jinxiang, the Duke of Jinjing, the Duke of Jinli, and the Duke of Jin mourning who dominated the Central Plains, and the power of the Jin state lasted for more than a hundred years before and after its peak. In particular, the last overlord of the Jin state, the Duke of Jin, pushed the hegemony of the Jin state to the peak, and during his reign, he sent Wei Dai to the north and Rong Di, pushed the border north to the Taiyuan Basin and the Datong Basin, and in the Central Plains, the Jiuhe princes, forcefully suppressed the Qin and Chu states, and the Jin state at this time was like a day in the sky.
Let's go back and sum up again, what is the reason for the prosperity of the Jin Dynasty for more than a hundred years?
I think this can be explained in three ways.
First, the topographical advantages of the Jin state, there are Taihang in the east, There are Lüliang in the west, the Yellow River embraces, touching the back of the world and strangling its throat, such terrain can be said to be easy to defend and difficult to attack, as long as the Eight Paths of Taihang and the main Yellow River ferry are well defended, it is impenetrable, and it is as difficult as ascending to the heavens to cross these mountains to attack the Jin State.
The second is to be good at using the power of Rong Di, the Jin state has never blindly suppressed rong di, but is good at absorbing and using, such as the Uncle of the Duke of Jin, the Fox Clan Rong, whose people are born foxes, fox hairs, and foxes have been officials in the Jin State for a long time, contributing a lot to the Jin State, and also developed into an important Qing clan in the Jin State. There was also Lu Hun Zhirong, who was bullied by the Qin state and could not stand up, was taken in by the Jin state and placed in the Yichuan area (southern Luoyang Basin), and during the Jin-Chu struggle for hegemony, he long helped the Jin state to share the military pressure of the Chu state.
The third is the unique system of the Jin Dynasty, which is also the most important reason. Because of the early history of the Jin Dynasty, there was no infighting in the public office, and in the Spring and Autumn Period, it took the lead in carrying out a more thorough reform, conforming to the development of the times, on merit and reward, meritocracy, so that the Qing masters could be superior, the mediocre were down, and the country's appearance was also new. On this basis, the three armies and six secretaries system set up by the heroic Jin Wengong was a relatively centralized military and political integration system, which was actually an efficient war system, but it enabled the Jin state to always maintain a strong position externally.
This strong situation was developed by six generations of Wen, Ling, Cheng, Jing, Li, and Mo, and its territory eventually formed a vast area that included all of present-day Shanxi Province, eastern and northern Shaanxi Province, central and southern Hebei Province, western and northern Henan Province, and northern Shanxi and Inner Mongolia.
After more than six hundred years of growth, from the first corner of the Tang Dynasty, to the current Fang Qianli, the land area has increased by more than 10,000 times; under the encouragement of the Liuqing system, the wizards and strangers have come out one after another, from the initial Nine Sects of Huai, to the domestic talents, the Xia Rong clans went to state affairs together, which fully confirmed that "the heavens and the earth are the same at all times"; this made the Jin State develop from the Fang State in a corner of Hedong to the strongest Central Plains princes who dominated the world, which was the most prosperous period.
6, fission - new life
No relatives, exhaustion of the public office, expulsion of princes, three armies and six secretaries, these political traditions and systems that conform to the trend of the times, step by step superimposed effect, finally let the Jin state develop to its peak, but at the same time buried hidden worries.
Even if the Jin Dynasty is so powerful, its development process cannot transcend the historical background.
The theme of the first centenary of the Spring and Autumn Period was the Rongdi Disaster.
The theme of the second centenary of the Spring and Autumn Period was the hegemony of the monarch.
The theme of the third centenary of spring and autumn is the rise of the doctor.
The development of the Jin state in the Spring and Autumn period was generally carried out in accordance with these three themes in turn, in the process of the Jin state's hegemony, the Qing masters made outstanding achievements, expanded a large number of land and interests for the Jin state, and also seized a lot of benefits for their own family, and the Qing clan's power gradually developed and grew.
Compared with other princes, the Jin state has no clan internal struggle, and the successive monarchs have measured their talents and promoted doctors with different surnames because of their merits, and the doctors with different surnames have also actively fought for the country, and the core role is the system of three armies and six secretaries established by the Duke Wen of Jin, which makes the Jin state twist into a rope and unite with the outside world, and achieve the prosperity of the Jin state, but also because of this system, the Jin state eventually splits.
Is the system of three armies and six secretaries a good system, of course, the Jin state can dominate for a long time in the Spring and Autumn Period, and the system of three armies and six secretaries is indispensable. A system that can mobilize the enthusiasm of various forces in the country, gather the secretaries around the monarch, and actively use things is a good system.
However, the failure of the secretaries to suppress their strength in time after their strength increased was the biggest mistake of the kings of the Jin Dynasty. This mistake was the thunder that xiangong began to lay, and the subsequent monarchs swallowed the bitter fruit impatiently.
Didn't the kings of the past fight, of course not, but the result of the struggle was to slip deeper and deeper into the unfavorable side of the monarch.
Let's take a look at the development of this process:
Zhao Dun, the first powerful minister of the Jin Dynasty, combined military and political power during his reign, killed the recalcitrant Duke of Jin, slashed the monarchy and strengthened the Zhao clan, and although the ancestors of the Zhao family helped the Jin Wengong to achieve hegemony, Zhao Dun's dictatorship set a precedent for the later Chaotic Government of the Six Secretaries.
During the Jin Dynasty, the pattern of the six secretaries being strong and the offices weak was formed, and the power of the state almost fell into the hands of the six secretaries, and the monarch was almost turned into a mascot.
When the Jin Dynasty was deposed, the domestic Han, Zhao, and Wei Sanqing joined forces to defeat the ruling Zhi clan and take the throne of the state, and the Jin Dynasty Duke was dissatisfied with the excessive arrogance of the Three Qings, rebelled against the dictatorship of the Three Qings, and finally failed, was forced into exile in the Chu State, and finally ended up dying in a foreign country.
During the reign of the Jin Dynasty, the State of Jin had actually been divided among the three families, with zhao, Wei, and Han in power.
During the reign of Duke Lie of Jin, the "three families divided into Jin", Zhao Wei han was ranked as a prince, and the Jin state was actually controlled by the state of Wei.
During the reign of Duke Jing of Jin, the three kingdoms of Han, Zhao, and Wei divided up the only land in the Jin Dynasty, and the abolition of the Duke of Jing was also rotated as a commoner, which marked the complete disappearance of the Jin state as a prince.
In this process, first of all, the power struggle between the monarch and the subject became more and more intense, and the monarch who lost the trust of the gong clan was eventually weak, and the six secretaries gradually grasped the real power of the country.
After the power of the monarch is hollowed out, the struggle between the monarch and the courtier will quickly be replaced by the struggle between the six secretaries.
For the sake of the tip of the pyramid at the highest point of power, the secretaries and masters of the Jin Dynasty fought openly and secretly, doing everything to the extreme, and vividly displayed the law of the jungle that the weak and the strong preyed on more than two thousand years ago.
The great drama of the struggle between the Qing masters revolved around the system of three armies and six secretaries founded by the Jin Wengong.
The three armies and six secretaries of state will organize the Jinguo army into three armies, one general and one general, and one general and one general in each army, and according to the level of status, they are the generals of the Chinese army, the generals of the middle army, the generals of the upper army, the generals of the upper army, the generals of the lower armies, and the lower military generals, of which the Chinese army will be Zhengqing, who is both the marshal of the army and the head of the ruling power. This advanced system of military and government integration has broken the boundaries of civil and military generals, greatly enhanced the decisiveness and execution of the leadership, and enabled the Jin state to stand out in the competition with the other countries and be invincible.
The Liuqing system gradually evolved into a hereditary model in the later implementation, so the generals of the three armies were basically monopolized by eleven clans such as the Fox Clan, the Xian Clan, the Hao Clan, the Xu Clan, the Luan Clan, the Fan Clan, the Zhongxing Clan, the Zhi, the Han Clan, the Zhao Clan, and the Wei Clan.
In this long and cruel game, foxes, xianshi, Xushi, and Luan were the first to go out. The remaining six players crossed Fan and Zhongxing from the player list after fierce competition. In the end, the strongest Zhi clan was dramatically destroyed by the three families of Han Zhao and Wei, the land of the Jin state was completely divided by these three number one players, and the three-hundred-year-long Qing clan battle was finally settled, and the Jin kingdom was about to die.
The series of changes in the history of the Jin Dynasty can make the Jin State go further on the road of "Shangxian", "Shang Gong" and "Shangfa", can make the Jin State more powerful than other princely states, and can make the national strength of the Jin State develop to the peak, but there is no series of systems that restrict the Qing masters, and when the legal theory is not perfect, the Jin State embarks on such a road, which is the luck of the Jin State and the misfortune of the Jin State.
The Qing masters developed and grew, and due to human nature, they were bound to develop their own family's power, which sowed the seeds for the division of the Jin state. Later, after the three families were divided into Jin, they did not dare to go too deep into the change of law during the Warring States period, which should be the history of the deep jealousy of the division of the Jin State, which may be the reason why the legal sages who grew up from the Three Jins during the Warring States period could not serve their own country, and could only go to the Qin, Qi, and Chu countries to exert their talents.
Overcorrection is often the norm of history, and people are often impressed by recent historical lessons and tend to ignore the deeper dangers. Politics is the highest art, the world's most difficult "tightrope" game, a careless will be doomed, into this game must be the hero Haojie. The powerful Jin state could not be sustained in the end, so it had to continue to move forward in the form of division.
Is the Jin Kingdom completely over? I think it's not the end, it's the new life.
Although the Three Jins were separated, they were also the closest allies in the early days of the Warring States, and in the early warring states, they advanced and retreated together, jointly created a period of glory, and expanded beyond the previous generation in their respective directions.
The State of Wei was divided into the core territory of the State of Jin, and the national strength was the most powerful in the early days of the division, suppressing the State of Qin for decades, and annexing the Zhongshan State in the north, expanding in the four directions of the east, west, south and north.
The Zhao state was divided into handan and Jinyang areas, and on this basis actively developed northward, zhao wuling king Hufu riding and shooting reform, but also expanded all the way north to the Yin Mountain line, the end of the Warring States period is a country to compete with the strong Qin. If it were not for the death of King Wuling of Zhao in infighting, the plan to attack the Qin state from the south of Yunzhong County might have been realized, but unfortunately history did not have ifs.
South Korea is divided into the essence of the Central Plains, the western part of Henan, the surrounding areas of Luoyang, and the active development of South Korea has directly destroyed the Zheng Kingdom, although the country is small, but it has not insulted the name of Jinhan.
Even if the Qin state eventually unified the world, the Jin culture has been deeply imprinted on the land of China and has long nourished the Chinese civilization. Inclusive, responsive, open-minded and pragmatic, he has contributed to the history of China the Dharma, the "peace" culture, and the pragmatic ethnic policy.
Whenever China experienced great tribulations, the Sanjin region often played the role of a protector of civilization. "Ask me where my ancestors are, the big locust tree in Hongdong, Shanxi", how many Chinese need to go to the big locust tree today to find their roots and ask their ancestors? This is the greatest contribution left by the Sanjin region to history.
(Note: Some of the pictures in the article come from the Internet, thank you netizens, if there is infringement, please notify to delete.) ）