The Card-28 helicopters (NATO codename: helix) are Soviet/Russian coaxial anti-propeller/bi-rotor anti-submarine/search and rescue helicopters.
The Ka-28 helicopter rotor is 15.9 meters in diameter, the blades are made of composite materials, equipped with an electric-thermal de-icing system and a paddle folding system to facilitate parking on the ship, the fuselage is compact, with a non-retractable 4-point landing gear for maneuvering and landing on the ship's deck under sea conditions of about level 10.
The Kamov helicopter was developed by the Russian Kamov Design Bureau for use in the Navy.
History
Development background
Ka-28 helicopter (9 photos)
The practice of countries around the world shows that helicopters have become an important weapon in anti-piracy operations.
Judging from the past situation, somali pirates are very cunning, and they also know that "the enemy is advancing and we are retreating", and it is estimated that the two large destroyers of our navy have arrived in Somali waters, and basically there are few opportunities to see pirates, and more competition is likely to occur between helicopters and pirates.
Pirate ships have small targets and fast speeds, and large surface ships are often difficult to approach targets, while The Ka-28 helicopter is fast and maneuverable, which not only expands the escort radius for the formation, but also plays a better deterrent effect on pirates. Helicopters have played a big role in previous anti-piracy campaigns, including the rescue of China's Zhenhua 4.
This coaxial rotor layout enables the aircraft to have a high work-to-weight ratio, small size, good maneuverability on deck in harsh sea conditions and end streams, simple control, flight safety and other characteristics. Its simple piloting and sophisticated flight navigation equipment allow the aircraft to be operated by a single pilot for a long time in all seasons, day and night, and with the use of flight instruments.
The Ka-28 is an export model of the Russian Ka-27. In April 1972, in view of the fact that the original Ka-25 anti-submarine helicopter was no longer sufficient, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a resolution on the development of a new ship-based helicopter. At the beginning of 1973, the Soviet State Helicopter Committee formally proposed specific technical requirements. In December 1974, the new carrier-based helicopter, designed under the design number Ka-252, made its first test flight. In 1982, the Ka-252 helicopter passed the acceptance of the Soviet military and officially entered the service of the Soviet Army, and was designated the Ka-27.
Technical features
dynamical system
The power unit of the aircraft is 2 SETS of TV3-117VMA turboshaft engines, each with a power of 1640.5 kW. When one of the engines fails, the other makes up for the effective power with a larger emergency power.
The Ka-28 weighs 12,000 kg, has a maximum flight speed of 270 km/h, a cruising speed of 250 km/h, a hover altitude of 5,000 m, a range of 800 km, a tactical radius of 200 km, an endurance of 2 hours (search attack type) or 2.5 hours (search type), and a crew of 3 people.
Airborne weapons
The Ka-28 helicopter is equipped with 1 self-guided torpedo, 1 rocket booster torpedo, 10 PLAB250-120 aerial bombs, and 2 OOB missiles, mainly for anti-submarine warfare of the fleet. The helicopter can be carried by ships at all levels, using its avionics and automatic control system to detect advanced submarines and water targets in deep diving, and transmit target data to land command posts, while flying to designated points by pilots using airborne weapons to attack targets.
The export version of the Ka-28 was developed on the basis of the Ka-27. The main difference between it and the latter is that the airborne equipment, the friend or foe identification system is different, and it has a large oil carrying capacity (4470 liters).
Performance data
Rotor diameter Card-28 basic technical data Rotor diameter 15.90 meters
Length 11.30 m (excluding rotor) 12.25 m (rotor folding)
Height 5.40 m (to the top of the propeller hub)
Normal takeoff weight 11000 kg
Maximum takeoff weight 12,600 kg (external load)
Maximum payload 4000 kg (internal) 5000 kg (external)
Anti-submarine mission data, the following five conditions for the execution of anti-submarine mission, the total weight of 10700 kg:
The maximum level flight speed is 270 km /h
The maximum cruising speed is 230~240 km/h
Maximum climb rate 12.5 m/s (sea level)
Anti-submarine combat radius 200 km (for submarines with a depth of 500 m and a cruising speed of 75 km/h)
Range 1200 km (maximum fuel)
Practical ceiling 6000 m (normal takeoff weight)
Hover height 3500 m (no ground effect)
Battery life 4.5 hours
Service dynamics
Zhenhua 4 encountered pirates at 8:00 a.m.;
At 11:09, the multinational escort fleet came to support by carrier-based helicopters, but after sinking a pirate ship, it was evacuated due to insufficient fuel;
At 14:00, Zhenhua 4 rendezvoused with the receiving Malaysian warship.
It can be seen that in the case of two ships facing each other, the warship takes 6 hours to come to meet, and the pirates choose the location of attack at least 400 kilometers from the nearest warship; the carrier-based helicopter takes off to support at the distance of the maximum combat radius, which is about 200 kilometers or more, and the helicopter takes nearly 3 hours to make a round trip.
It can be said that the hijacking of Zhenhua 4 was a very good pirate operation planned, which selected the gap of naval escort and almost succeeded, and the pirates were unexpectedly confronted by the Chinese crew.
When my maritime formation arrived in somali waters, it is estimated that the situation encountered should be similar to the above situation, and pirates do not dare to move in front of large destroyers, so the possibility of choosing helicopters to attack pirates is very large.
Since it is to fight the pirates, there is a possibility of a firefight, and my helicopter may be counterattacked by the pirates. Judging from the pirate hijacking incidents that have occurred, the poorly equipped pirates have not yet clashed head-on with the naval ships, and it can be considered that the pirates are reluctant to clash with the regular navy to invite the disaster of killing themselves, but as the naval ships open fire more and more, the pirates who have no way to go may be desperate.
The slightly threatening weapon of the pirates today is the light machine gun bazooka, and in general, helicopters are safe at 400-500 meters away. However, in order to prevent pirates from suddenly bringing out a shoulder-fired anti-aircraft missile, the relevant jamming bombs must be fully prepared. Although this is unlikely, if we get killed by pirates, we will have a big joke.
Sun Ziwu, head of the carrier-based helicopter crew of the Chinese Navy's escort formation, said that the helicopter crew is responsible for six major tasks in this mission: patrolling, vigilance, transporting special operators to protect targets, realizing transfers between ships, implementing vertical supply from supply ships to combat ships, searching and rescue at sea, and providing humanitarian assistance to other countries under the premise of ensuring their own completion and safety.
Ship-based helicopters are known as "air guards" by officers and soldiers. Since this is the first time that a Chinese Navy carrier-based helicopter has carried out an ocean-going escort mission with a ship, the helicopter crew has strengthened the take-off and landing training at sea at night in view of the complex sea conditions in the gulf of Aden, and the coordinated downhill training of ships and aircraft carried out by special combatants, so that it can react quickly at any time and deal with various unexpected situations. The fleet sailed together, and the helicopter crew went on duty.
Colonel Sun Ziwu, 46, will fly the Ka-28 anti-submarine helicopter on the command ship Wuhan, and his colleague Colonel Zhao Jianhua will fly the Ka-28 anti-submarine helicopter on the sea slogan. They are all special pilots with thousands of hours of flight experience.
Sun Ziwu has participated in many foreign visits and joint exercises. During a Sino-French naval joint exercise in April 2008, Chinese naval vessels exchanged shipboard helicopters with the French Navy's amphibious command ship Northwest Wind, and Sun Ziwu was the Chinese pilot who landed on the French ship.
Overall evaluation
The biggest feature of the Ka-28 is the use of a coaxial double rotor layout. This is due to the fact that the Ka-27 was designed from the beginning for the needs of the carrier, and the use of this layout allows the helicopter to eliminate tail beams and tail rotors, making the helicopter compact, small in size, aerodynamic balance, insensitive to wind direction and wind speed, thereby improving flight performance. Moreover, due to the small size of the helicopter and the folding of the rotor, it has a small footprint and is particularly suitable for shipboards. In terms of power unit, the Ka-28 is equipped with two TV-3-117VK turboshaft engines with a maximum power of 2200 shaft horsepower. It can be seen that the power system of the Ka-28 is much larger than that of the Straight-9, so it has better maneuverability and the ability to carry weapons.