Municipal sewage plant sludge treatment status and sustainable development measures

[Energy people are watching, click on the top right corner to add 'Follow']

Polaris Water Treatment Network News: Since the accumulation of sludge in municipal sewage treatment plants will produce harmful substances and cause secondary pollution to the environment, municipal sludge treatment has always been the focus of environmental protection. This article introduces various treatment measures for municipal sludge, such as landfilling, composting, drying incineration, etc. At the same time, the current situation of sludge treatment and its existing problems are analyzed, and a series of countermeasures are proposed, such as: strengthening the supervision of sludge treatment; Comprehensively analyze the actual situation of the region and reasonably choose the treatment measures and give the corresponding budget, etc., and hope to solve the problems in the municipal sludge treatment work and improve the treatment level by giving certain countermeasures.

0 Introduction

In recent years, due to the rapid expansion of the population, the water consumption of residents, especially the urban water consumption, has soared, so the treatment of urban sewage has also increased. At present, urban sewage is mainly solved through centralized treatment, although the relevant departments have built many sewage treatment plants in order to improve the sewage treatment capacity, but because a large amount of sludge and residue will be generated in the sewage treatment process, the treatment of urban sewage is still facing no small challenge. As far as current treatment measures are concerned, municipal sludge is not accepted due to the lack of centralized sludge disposal centers, or landfills do not receive municipal sludge. Many sewage treatment plants accumulate sludge in sewage treatment plants, and this unreasonable treatment method will not only lead to a serious odor in the surrounding area, but also cause a certain degree of pollution to the environment, so the relevant departments must respond as soon as possible to solve this problem.

The composition of sludge produced by municipal sewage is extremely complex, including organic matter, heavy metals, parasite eggs, bacteria and viruses. Therefore, if the sludge is not treated to a certain extent, then it will cause secondary pollution to the environment. This paper conducts research and analysis on the treatment status, problems and treatment measures of municipal sludge, draws certain conclusions, and puts forward corresponding suggestions for the rational disposal of sludge.

1 Treatment status of municipal sludge

At present, the biggest problem in the treatment of municipal sewage and sludge is the imperfection of its treatment equipment. At this stage, most of the treatment facilities used in sewage treatment plants do not cover the sludge treatment function, and most sewage treatment plants only pay attention to the treatment of sewage, and do not pay too much attention to the treatment of sludge, so most of the person in charge will ignore the expenditure on sludge treatment when carrying out the plant operation budget, resulting in the need to occupy a part of the sewage treatment budget cost when treating sludge. Secondly, the municipal government's choice of blind accumulation of sludge in the treatment of sludge is also not appropriate. Due to the equipment limitations of the treatment plant, the sludge has not been well resourced, which not only makes many of its beneficial resources wasted, but also leads to secondary pollution of the environment. Finally, due to the neglect of sludge treatment work, the number of treatment plants that can receive sewage and sludge treatment is insufficient, which also affects the treatment of municipal sewage and sludge.

2 The generation and harm of sewage sludge

Due to the sharp increase in sewage discharge caused by the rapid development of urbanization, the quality of the current water environment is much worse than before, so the task of promoting sewage emission reduction cannot be delayed. In response to the new environmental requirements of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the relevant departments need to reasonably raise the urban sewage discharge standards and reduce the amount of sludge discharged through policy restrictions to improve the current overwhelmed water environment. Due to the acceleration of the urbanization process, the amount of sewage treatment is far less than the production of sewage, so although sewage treatment can solve most of the urban sewage treatment problems well, it still hinders the development of social economy due to short supply. At the same time, due to the serious aging of some sewage treatment plant equipment, the discharged tailwater not only fails to meet the sewage discharge standards, but also accelerates the deterioration of the water environment.

Although with the development of science and technology, we have mature sewage treatment technology, but there is no good treatment method for the residual sludge generated in sewage treatment. Most sewage treatment plants, due to technical limitations, can only choose to imitate the treatment of domestic waste - directly dumping sludge at a fixed location, or choosing to landfill it. This will not only cause secondary pollution to the environment, but may also have an impact on human health due to the transfer of pollutants. Therefore, research on the effective treatment and utilization of sludge is very necessary.

3 Municipal sludge treatment technology

3.1 Sanitary landfill disposal technology

Sludge landfills are anaerobic landfills, so contact with air should be minimized during the landfill process. The sludge is digested in the anaerobic tank before being treated, and then in order to make the degradation of the organic matter in it more fully, the staff will choose to decompose it for a longer period of time during the landfill work. However, because the sludge will inevitably come into contact with the air during transportation, resulting in the formation of local aerobic landfills, a foul-smelling gas may be produced during work. Therefore, if an area is planned as an area with certain air quality requirements, such as a user's residential area, it is best not to carry out this landfill work in and around this area.

3.2 Composting treatment technology

The reuse of sludge is often reflected in agricultural activities. Organic matter and humus in the sludge have a good role in improving soil conditions, but the toxic and heavy metal substances in them will affect the normal use of the land. Therefore, in this type of treatment, the sludge is generally accumulated alone or together with domestic garbage, and then a certain amount of bacteria is added to it and the environment is warmed up to create an environment suitable for the growth of bacteria. Through the decomposition of harmful substances by bacteria and the decomposition of harmful substances by heating, the harmfulness of sludge can be well reduced, so that sludge can be smoothly used by agricultural activities. At the same time, in order to avoid the impact on the normal operation of the water plant due to the accumulation of mud and fertilizer, it is necessary to understand the fertilization period of the farmland in order to reasonably arrange the use period of the method.

3.3 Hot drying and incineration treatment technology

In order to reduce the accumulation of sludge and at the same time improve the utilization rate of sludge, we can heat dry and incinerate it. The two complement each other during operation, and can effectively reduce energy consumption by heat drying treatment and then incinerating. Since this type of technology has a significant effect on the treatment of sludge, the promotion of this type of technology, especially in large treatment plants, has a better promotion prospect. However, due to the fact that a lot of suspended materials will be generated during the treatment process, attention should be paid to dust reduction measures to prevent secondary pollution of the environment.

4 Countermeasures and suggestions for sustainable development of municipal sewage sludge treatment

Since the current municipal sludge treatment process is not mature, and the capacity gap of treatment equipment is too large, the municipal department should selectively learn other advanced technologies, and actively introduce advanced equipment to ensure that the hardware can meet the treatment standards. Secondly, in the sewage treatment project, the high efficiency should be taken into account, and a variety of processes should be developed together to make the results of sewage treatment more ideal.

(1) Since the level of sewage treatment rate will have a certain impact on the environment, the relevant departments should increase the importance of the construction of municipal sewage treatment plants, and should be highly supported and cooperated with their work. At the same time, the government should also increase the degree of supervision of sewage treatment plants to ensure that their sewage conversion rate can meet the standards and keep their work on track.

(2) The treatment of sludge should be carried out in a planned manner. Each region should combine its own actual conditions and give a sewage sludge treatment plan suitable for the development of the region. During the implementation of the plan, the relevant personnel should highlight the key points of work, adhere to the combination of theory and practice, and keep in mind the work objectives, so as to ensure that the processing work can be completed efficiently and smoothly.

(3) In order to effectively improve the enthusiasm of sewage sludge treatment plants for sludge treatment, the relevant departments should selectively give certain preferential policies, such as: financial subsidies, reduce taxes, reduce the electricity costs of treatment plants, etc. At the same time, it is also possible to give guiding suggestions for part of the treatment process of the treatment plant to improve its processing links and improve the efficiency of its treatment.

(4) The relevant departments can merge the sludge treatment budget with the sewage treatment budget, that is, increase the sewage treatment budget. This can not only eliminate many intermediate links to improve the work efficiency of relevant departments, but also increase the accuracy of the budget and ensure that the sludge treatment work is adequately funded. At the same time, the relevant departments need to strengthen the supervision of the charging standards for sewage sludge treatment, strictly prevent the emergence of arbitrary charging, and make detailed records of the source and destination of the money to ensure sufficient transparency in the capital chain.

(5) The relevant departments should give a unified standard sewage sludge evaluation system and testing standards to ensure the scientific nature of sewage sludge treatment. Through regular spot checks and assessments of sludge treatment, the formulation of certain sludge treatment standards, the strict restriction of sludge landfilling and incineration, and the strict control of the content of heavy metal pollutants in the treated sludge, this can not only improve the treatment standards of sludge in the treatment plant, but also play a certain role in promoting the stability of the ecosystem.

(6) Due to the possible difference in the composition content of sludge in different regions, it is necessary to carry out scientific research on the rational use of sludge and increase its resources. At present, there are roughly the following types of sludge resources:

1) Compost the sludge through a certain treatment to convert it into organic fertilizer.

2) By adding certain microorganisms, the sludge is biologically fermented, increasing the nutrient content in its sludge and making it a compound fertilizer.

3) After treating the sludge, it is directly mixed with the soil to improve the sandification soil.

(7) In order to improve the public's awareness of sludge treatment, various departments can increase publicity, and at the same time, they can publicize advanced treatment technology and promote the development of sludge resources to relevant treatment plants. This can not only effectively expand the scope of use of sludge treatment technology, but also form a certain virtuous circle through the extensive participation of factories and people.

5 Conclusion

Improving the efficiency of municipal sludge treatment can effectively promote the development of urban social economy and the rationalization of urban water structure, so municipal sewage sludge treatment should receive sufficient attention. Relevant departments should strengthen supervision over them and limit the occurrence of improper behavior through reasonable route planning and budgeting. At the same time, the internal staff of the treatment plant should strengthen their own professionalism, conscientiously study advanced treatment technology and carry out certain innovations to ensure that the level of municipal sludge treatment can be effectively improved.

Disclaimer: The above content is reproduced from Polaris Environmental Protection Network, and the content posted does not represent the position of this platform.

National Energy Information Platform Tel: [phone], Email: [email protected], Address: People's Daily, No. 2 Jintai West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing