During World War II, Militaristic Japan began to carry out crazy expansion and plunder due to the small size of its land and lack of resources.
Under the expansion of their aggressive ambitions, the arrogant Japanese Kou regarded China, which was separated by a sea and had a vast land and vast land, as the main target of conquest and launched a sinful war of aggression against China. During this period, the Japanese Kou carried out brutal slaughter against the Chinese nation and committed all kinds of uncountable crimes in the land of China. This has caused our sons and daughters of China to hate these atrocities of the Japanese to the bone, and to lay a deep grudge against them.
The war of aggression against China
After many years to this day, the brutality of the Japanese army still leaves a deep shadow on us. Looking at this group of Japanese from our current perspective, the title of "Daisa" may not be unfamiliar. In many of the themes of the War of Resistance, it can be seen that the Japanese officers were respectfully called "Daisa" by the Japanese soldiers.
Daisaku in the film and television drama
Looking at the ranks of the Japanese Kou, the current Japanese military rank system only has five levels: commander, general, colonel, and lieutenant. However, it is worth noting that the rank of the Japanese army during World War II was very different from the rank of the Japanese army today, and the rank of "Daisa" did exist in Japan at that time. So, what was the status of the Japanese army "Daisa" in World War II in the army, and how many soldiers could be commanded? Why was there a "Big Zo" everywhere in the War of Resistance Against Japan?
Japanese officer
Origin of the rank system
As a kind of military rank, before we understand Daisa, let's first explore where the so-called rank system comes from.
As early as the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the military rank system had already appeared in some countries in Western Europe where capitalism was in its infancy. At first, the industrial and commercial class, in order to facilitate free trade under the feudal monarchy, decided to develop trade cooperation with the king and funded support for the monarchy. At the same time, the king used the taxes paid by the industrial and commercial class to hire an army to strengthen the king's military strength and gradually became the main military force of the country.
Medieval soldiers
At this time, the composition of mercenaries was more complex, and people from various fields of poverty joined the army only to support their families, and there was no formal rank standard.
However, with the continuous development of capitalism, some bankrupt capitalists gradually appeared among the soldiers in the army, and these people born from the capitalist class attached great importance to the criterion of "equal exchange" and demanded rewards according to merit, which gradually led to the distinction between the position of officer.
officer
However, those who have been granted officer positions are not satisfied, believing that officers can only safeguard the interests of their positions in the army battlefield, and that if there is no war, the officer position will be a waste.
Not only that, but their social status and treatment outside the military are not guaranteed in any way. With the development and growth of the new bourgeoisie, this demand of theirs was also satisfied, and a system of military ranks that could guarantee the social status and treatment of soldiers came into being.
Medieval warfare
Under the two major incentive systems of military positions and ranks, the motivation of soldiers to fight has been greatly improved. French Louis XIV relied on the perfect rank system to be brave and good at war, and achieved great success along the way.
Under the road of colonial expansion of European countries, along with the pace of war needs, the military rank system has gradually become "global unification". In all army building, it is necessary to set up a rank system to protect the combat motivation of the army and the legitimate rights and interests of military personnel, and at the same time to clearly distinguish the hierarchical division and command authority in the army.
Chinese rank of people's liberation army
Japan's rank system in World War II
Then, Japan, which was so obsessed with expanding aggression and launching wars during World War II, naturally would not let go of the study of the Western military rank system. As early as the Meiji Restoration, Japan, which had always adhered to the spirit of Bushido, began to gradually embark on the path of militarism. In order to achieve the grand goal of becoming a military power, Japan began to attach importance to its military construction and army establishment.
Nihon Bushido
Militarily, Japan also drew closer to the relatively advanced West at that time, carried out the "Westernization construction" of the army, and gradually implemented the rank system; all divisions of the army and navy inherited the Western rank system, and added corresponding infantry, cavalry, artillery, and other branches of the army.
Japanese army
At the beginning of the military reform, Japan was very careful to select 10,000 troops to carry out the pilot of the Western military system, and after more than ten years of reform experiments, the Japanese government tasted the sweetness of military rank reform more and more, and fully realized the importance of the military rank system, so it began to promote it on a large scale throughout the country.
While using the Western military rank system, Japan also did not forget to change its name "localization" and created a special shogun hierarchy system of the Japanese army, and by the time of World War II, this rank system had become quite mature, mainly divided into three grades and nine grades.
The origin of the adjutant
In Japan's shogun rank hierarchy during World War II, the third and ninth ranks were:
Generals: Major General, Lieutenant General, Major General
Officers: Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel, Major
Lieutenant: Captain, Lieutenant, Ensign
Japan's military rank system
At this time, the biggest difference between Japan's military rank and Western military rank is the rank of "Sa", it can be said that the "Sa" rank can be described as a major feature of Japanese military ranks. So why did Japan establish the title of "Sasuke"?
In fact, this is inextricably linked to the long-standing Chinese culture. As early as the tang dynasty on the mainland, Japan sent Tang envoys to learn the profound Chinese culture and world-leading science and technology, in addition, the political and bureaucratic systems of the Tang Dynasty were also within their scope of reference to improve the construction of Japan's domestic superstructure.
Envoy to Tang Dynasty China in Japan
In the political bureaucracy of the Tang Dynasty, there was an official position called " , meaning adjutant , meaning "auxiliary". This title was also introduced in Japan and continued to be used in the rank system of World War II. It can also be seen from the rank of the adjutant that the adjutant is second only to the general, so the rank of adjutant also has the meaning of "auxiliary" and "assistant" of the general, which is equivalent to the official position of colonel or general in the traditional western military rank, which means adjutant and has the meaning of "auxiliary".
This title was also introduced in Japan and continued to be used in the rank system of World War II. It can also be seen from the rank of the adjutant that the adjutant is second only to the general, so the rank of the adjutant also has the meaning of "auxiliary" and "assistant" of the general, which is equivalent to the colonel or general in the traditional Western military rank.
colonel
So, as the highest ranking of the adjutants, what kind of power does he have, what is his position in the army, and how many troops can he command?
The strength of "Daisa"
According to the Japanese military rank system at that time, the status of Ōsa should be second only to that of generals, belonging to the middle and upper levels of the army, and the rank of position was indeed high enough. Of course, in addition to judging the strength of The Great Zo by their rank in the army, the position they hold in the army is equally important.
First of all, in terms of the position held by Daisa, the Japanese army Daisaku mainly served as the commander of the combat unit and the combat staff officer under the higher-ranking officers.
Japanese officer
When Daisaku was the commander of a combat unit, he was usually a wing commander in the army, and this was also the most inconspicuous but most common position that Daisaku could hold, equivalent to the "regimental commander" to "brigade commander" in the Chinese army. However, compared with the "regimental commander" of the Chinese army at that time, the "regimental commander" served by Daisa, that is, the wing commander, was much stronger.
Officer Daisa
During World War II, the Japanese army had 4,000 to 5,000 men in a single company, while a regiment of the Chinese Army only had 1,000 to 2,000 men. Therefore, the strength of the joint force that one Dazuo can control is equivalent to the strength of the two Chinese army commanders, which shows the strength of the military power held by Dazuo.
Second, when Daisaku was a combat staff officer under a general, he usually served as the chief of staff of a brigade or division. Among them, the chief of staff of the division is the highest position that Daisaku can hold, which is equivalent to the assistant of the commander of the division of the lieutenant general. Generally speaking, the daisaku who can perform the post of chief of staff of a division and regiment must be a daisaku who has experienced hundreds of battles, has sufficient combat experience, and is quite powerful, and exists as a "general reserve" or a "general candidate."
Therefore, the status of this rank in the Japanese military is still very high, and the positions held are large and have broad prospects for development. Therefore, those who are qualified to serve as the Great Sao must have very strong military talents and combat strength, and after a long period of war experience, they must be promoted to this level.
Not only that, but serving as a Big Sasuke also requires a certain threshold: in the Japanese military rank establishment during World War II, it is necessary to have a background in higher military education, and be outstanding enough to be able to serve as a rank of Daisa and above.
Nobutetsu Sakata
In a well-known work on the theme of the War of Resistance, "Bright Sword", there is a fictional "Big Sasuke", Sakata Nobuzhe, who not only crushed the strength of the two divisions of the Kuomintang, but also inflicted heavy damage on the independent regiment of the Eighth Route Army.
In the real history of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the culprit who planned the "918" incident was also a Daisa-Itagaki Seishiro, who, as a senior staff officer, formulated a plan for the Kwantung Army to invade the northeast, defeated the Kuomintang army of 200,000 with 10,000 troops, shamelessly occupied the northeast, and opened the prelude to the Japanese army's war of aggression against China, which shows the terrible strength of the Japanese army's "Daisa" army.
It is a pity that the military talents of these great masters were not used on the right way to defend their families and defend the country, but in the unjust wars of invading other countries, causing countless lives to be destroyed, destroying their families and destroying people, and bringing endless disasters and suffering to the sons and daughters of China. Therefore, among most of today's anti-Japanese themes of art, "Daisa" is an evil villain.