The Guishan Han Tomb in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, not only has a high historical value, but also hides many unsolved mysteries, so it is known as the "Pyramid of the East". Today, Xiaobian will solve one of the mysteries for you, that is, the "mystery of the straightness of the tomb", how did the craftsmen at that time do it? The following Xiaobian will reveal the secret to you from scratch.
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Xuzhou Guishan Han Tomb was found in 1981, after the excavation and cleaning of archaeologists, it was determined that the identity of the owner of the tomb was Liu Zhu, the sixth generation of the Chu King of the Western Han Dynasty, although there was no exquisite burial product unearthed, but the experts were shocked by the tomb itself.
First of all, the tomb was built from the mountain, 83 meters long from east to west, 33 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of more than 700 square meters, almost hollowing out the entire mountain, for which experts are amazed, it is difficult to imagine how the ancient craftsmen did it. In addition, there are huge stones in the cemetery, a total of 26 pieces, each weighing more than 6 tons, and it is still stacked in two layers. In the era of lack of productivity at that time, what if the ancients transported these boulders up the mountain? Academic experts have not yet solved.
The most incredible thing is the construction of the cemetery, because it is so straight that people can't believe it. In the burial chamber, there are two north-south parallel corridors, both 56 meters long, after the measurement of experts, it was found that the maximum error of its excavation along the central line was only 5 mm, and the accuracy reached 1/10000.
Then it was measured that the distance between the yongdao was 19 meters, the angle was 20 seconds, and the accuracy was an astonishing 1/16000. The question is, this kind of accuracy is nothing for our current construction projects, but what you need to know is that in the Western Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago, the ancients did not have any high-tech measuring tools, so how did the ancient craftsmen do it?
After several years of research and discussion, archaeologists and architectural experts worked together to finally solve the "mystery of the straightness of the tomb" of the Guishan Han Tomb.
It turned out that the ancient craftsmen used a special tool- the moment, which is the right angle ruler that we still use today. In "Xunzi? It is recorded in the "No Goo" that "five inches of moments, know the direction of the world", which means that as long as there is a small five-inch right angle ruler, you can measure the anyway and size of all square things in the world.
After scientific calculation by experts, it was found that the measurement error of the five-inch moment was exactly 1/16000, and the tomb was measured on the ground with the moment ruler, and finally the measurement data was statistically analyzed, and it was finally determined that the craftsmen at that time used the moment ruler when building the Tomb of Guishan Han.
What did the ancient ruler look like? For example, in the 1980s, in the Warring States Tomb in Shou County, Anhui Province, experts excavated a bronze ruler with a length of 1 foot, about 23 centimeters, and then in the National Museum in Beijing, there is also a Han Dynasty bronze ruler, similar to the size and size of the Rectangle ruler in the Warring States period.
But the most powerful bronze ruler is still the treasure of the Shandong Academy of Metrology - the Eastern Han Ruler. After the measurement of modern science, the rectangle is 11,6 cm long, the scale is clear and uniform, divided into 5 blocks, each grid is about 2,31 cm, and this length is also the length of one inch in the Han Dynasty, so this is a standard five-inch moment.
Mencius once said, "If you don't follow the rules, you can't make a square circle." "Gauge" is a tool for drawing circles, such as our commonly used compass, and "moment" is a rectangle ruler for measuring right angles or drawing squares. There are no rules and no circles, each of us must also learn, use rules to restrain our behavior, but also from the wisdom of the ancient ancestors, continue to absorb nutrients, enrich ourselves, be a wise, rule-abiding person.