Slippery mushrooms, also known as light hat scale umbrellas, pearl mushrooms, delicious taste, high nutritional value. It originated in Japan and later developed into most parts of northern China, and our prefecture has begun large-scale production in recent years. Several years of production practice have proved that the production of slippery mushrooms in the northern region is a good project for the vast number of rural areas to get rid of poverty and get rich.
First, the culture material formula
Recipe 1: Sawdust 50 kg, wheat bran and rice bran 7.5 to 10 kg, cornmeal 1.5 kg, gypsum 0.5 kg, lime 0.25 kg.
Recipe 2: 30 kg of sawdust, 15 kg of crushed corn paste, 2.5 kg of wheat bran, 2.5 kg of rice bran, 2 kg of cornmeal, 0.5 kg of gypsum, 0.25 kg of lime.
Second, the determination of the cultivation period and the selection of varieties
Slippery mushrooms belong to the low-temperature fungus, the growth cycle is long, generally sown in the spring and autumn mushrooms. Because the slippery mushroom is a semi-clinker cultivation, it is necessary to use low temperature germs to resist or reduce the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, so the cultivation period must be early. We sow seeds in early January, no later than April 10. Suitable varieties of high quality, high yield and strong stress resistance should be selected.
3. Production tools
1, mushroom room The mushroom room for cultivating slippery mushrooms must be clean, free of debris, pollution-free, rainproof, more doors and windows, easy to ventilate and ventilate, and conducive to adjusting the temperature and humidity of the room. You can also use simple sheds and gutters or greenhouses to do mushroom rooms, the top should be shaded, no leakage of rain, the ground mat river sand about 3.3 cm thick, indoor culture rack can be set up in layers with wooden poles, generally 1.7 meters high, placed 6 layers, layer spacing 0.3 meters, the bottom layer from the ground 0.2 meters, every 15 meters 2 rooms can be placed 250 plates, material 625 kg.
2, the steamer with iron plate rolled or brick into a diameter of 1.2 meters, height of about 1.2 meters of steaming cylinder, pot table and steaming cylinder to be tight and not leaky, the iron rolled cylinder outside to have more than 3 cm of insulation layer, can be wrapped in paper or with ash, can also be wrapped with grass rope, and then smeared with a knife ash, the pot also put 1 layer of insulation layer, 20 cm from the water surface.
3, tray also known as mushroom curtain, used to hold the culture material, take 9 0.6 meters long corn stalks, with wooden strips to wear into a 0.35 meters wide curtain.
4. Mold with 1 cm thick wooden board nails to grow 60 cm, width 35 cm, thickness 6 cm of the activity module.
Fourth, the proportion of culture medium and disinfection methods
1, mixing ingredients Choose one of the above two formulas to weigh well, add water, adjust the water content to 60% ~ 65%, pile up for half an hour and set aside.
2, steaming material after the water in the steamer is boiled, lay 1 layer of sack on top, lay 1 layer of dry material on it, wait for the atmosphere to come up after loading the pot, and then open the lid to see where the gas is, sprinkle the material where to sprinkle, the material should be loose, sprinkled evenly, not to be pressed, to be installed until 10 cm from the top of the steamer barrel to stop, cover the pot to wait for the atmosphere, measure the upper material temperature to 100 ° C to maintain a ceasefire for 2 hours, until the surface material temperature drops to about 70 ° C when the pot begins to come out.
3, the upper plate of packaging material after steaming to be packaged while hot, plastic sheet with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution soaked for 5 minutes, shake off the water droplets after the mold laid, the hot material into the mold slightly flattened, and the plastic sheet wrapped well, remove the mold frame, put into the inoculation chamber to cool, wait for inoculation.
5. Inoculation and bacterial rearing
1. Inoculation room, after fumigation and disinfection with 10 ml of formaldehyde and 8 grams of potassium per cubic meter, the package cooled to below 30 °C is opened for inoculation. The strains are white, robust and pollution-free of age-appropriate strains. Culture bottles, inoculation tools and hands must be washed and sterilized with 3% lysul or 0.1% potassium permanganate to avoid contamination with weeds. The strains broken into apricot core size are mixed on a 1 cm thick surface, or 9 1 cm size holes can be scattered on the material surface first, and then the strains are sprinkled and slightly flattened, each plate requires 500 grams (1 can bottle) of bacteria in 1 bottle, and then wrapped tightly to prevent opening.
2, the fungus will be wrapped on the shelf to raise bacteria, if the spring temperature is low, you can pile up several layers of bacteria, but must be poured once every 7 days, to the middle of April should be on the shelves.
Sixth, germination and over-the-top management
Slippery mushroom germination period should pay great attention to the mushroom room air fresh, indoor to keep dry, do not avoid sweltering hot and humid, room temperature can not exceed 30 ° C, in front of the window to cover the light, to prevent direct sunlight, the ground overly wet air acid should be more strengthened ventilation, and sprinkle quicklime moisture to prevent the growth of bacteria. When the high temperature of the three-volt mushroom room cannot be reduced for a long time, it can spray cold water on the ground, four walls and roof to cool down. Every 30 days during the germination period, the mushroom discs in different directions of the culture rack should be exchanged to promote the germination to be neat, and if water is found at the bottom of the tray, a corner should be gently opened to control excess water.
7. Mushroom production period management
1. Open film to stroke bacteria
For very early species, when the temperature drops to 20 ° C at the end of July and the beginning of August, the fungus in the mushroom room should be cleaned up immediately, the pollution should be eliminated, and the indoor debris should be removed, used for sur or lime water disinfection, sprayed with 800 times dichlorvos liquid or cypermethrin 1500 times liquid to kill insects, the ground can be used for river sand pads, sprinkled with clean water, adjust the indoor humidity to more than 80%, and after 1 to 2 days, the film can be uncovered for sterilization. The method is to use a detoxified knife or saw blade to cut a knife (about 1 cm deep) from one end to the other every 3 cm on the mushroom material to facilitate ventilation and long mushrooms.
2. Mushrooms
Spray the ground with more water within 2 to 3 days to keep the air moist and fresh, promote the emergence of mushroom buds, and the mushroom period is about half a month. Water should be sprayed less often, the floor, the four walls and the roof of the mushroom room should be sprayed, morning and evening to spray more cold water, so that the water content of the fungus tray reaches more than 70%, it is advisable to have water oozing out of the soft block by hand.
3. Differentiation period management
When the mushroom buds appear like rice grains, they should reduce or not spray water on the fungus tray (to prevent the water on the disc from causing dead mushrooms), spray water on other parts to ensure air humidity, at this time the air humidity must be maintained at 85% to 95%. With the growth of mushrooms, oxygen demand increases, pay attention to replace fresh air, but can only open the leeward window, can not blow over the hall wind, so as not to blow dry mushrooms and cause small mushrooms to open buds prematurely.
4. Long mushroom period management
When the mushroom lid grows to 0.5 cm, you can gently spray water on the mushroom tray, the water should not be too cold and too hot, and do not hit the mushroom buds with large water. Later, as the mushroom grows up, gradually spray more water, at least 2 to 3 times a day, spray more water when the wind is dry, if you can spray more than 1 time at night, you can increase the yield. The room temperature during the mushroom production period is maintained at about 15 °C, the humidity is above 90%, and the water temperature is required to be 10 ~ 20 °C.
5. Pest control
It should be mainly prevention, spray pesticides twice a month to sterilize insects during the germicidal period, and parathrin drugs (such as cypermethrin, etc.) should be used during the interval between the two tides.
8. Harvesting and processing
When harvesting, gently pluck the mushroom root with your hand, do not bring the material up, stop the water for 3 to 4 days after harvesting, remove dead mushrooms, residual root debris, and improve the room temperature to raise bacteria, in order to facilitate the yield of mushrooms in the lower tide. The second tide mushroom is still based on watering management, and the method is the same as that of the first tide mushroom. Combined with the application of water spray mushroom treasure, it can increase the yield by more than 15%, generally 3 to 4 tidal mushrooms, and the biological efficiency can reach 60% to 80% (1.5 to 2 kg per plate). The processing method is the same as that of salted oyster mushrooms, and they can be processed according to the requirements of the purchasing department.
Source: China Agricultural Products Information Network
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