The drop is 140 meters, the shape is highly suitable for the needs of the competition, and there is a certain vegetation protection in the east direction... Located in Zhangjiakou, this valley is a godsend for the Winter Olympic ski jumping event with special requirements on mountainous landforms.
Located here is the National Ski Jumping Center, which was named "Snow Ruyi" because its design was inspired by the traditional Chinese ornament "Ruyi". At the upcoming Beijing Winter Olympics, the venue will host 2 sub-events and 8 sub-events in ski jumping and Nordic sports, resulting in 8 Winter Olympic gold medals.
The reporter learned that the planning and design of the overall and all venues of the Zhangjiakou Competition Area of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and the Shougang Venue of the Beijing Winter Olympics is led by the team of the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University. Zhang Li, dean of the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University, served as the chief designer of the Zhangjiakou Division and the Shougang Ski Jump at the Beijing Winter Olympics, and he hosted the National Ski Jumping Center "Xue Ruyi" and the Shougang Ski Jump.
Scientific and technological means also escort the construction of Beijing Winter Olympic venues. On the evening of December 29, 2021, Professor Zhang Li delivered a speech at the "Humanities Tsinghua" forum, revealing the story of venue construction, telling the assistance and data support of "human factors technology" used in many places in the design and construction of the venue.
"As long as we carry out the design and transformation of the space, we are faced with people's demand for a better life. The data that designers rely on or the records of human factor tests do not change the objects of service, but only allow designers to better and use more accurate methods to serve these objects. Zhang Li pointed out that this method is not only suitable for large-scale competition facilities such as Winter Olympic venues, but also for the transformation and design of urban daily life spaces.
On the evening of December 29, 2021, Professor Zhang Li delivered a speech at the "Humanities Tsinghua" forum. Courtesy of the "Humanistic Tsinghua" forum
The "Ice Jade Ring" achieves a "2.5 hours" slow travel experience
The reporter learned that in the past, the jumping platform of the Winter Olympics jumping platform venue had a gap of more than 100 meters, which ordinary people could not use and could not provide a good sightseeing experience.
Therefore, Zhang Li's team followed a principle often used in urban design or destination design "2.5 hours of slow travel experience" in the design of the stadium group: for example, to climb the mountain, climb from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, if it is a 2.5-hour complete experience, people will think that this is a destination trip, and the process exists in memory and becomes something meaningful. Between the venue groups, Zhang Li and the team added a pedestrian bridge "Ice Jade Ring" for people to walk slowly, the total length of the western half of the ring is 1.7 kilometers, 7 meters high from the ground, which is convenient for the audience to travel back and forth between the venues, forming a slow travel experience.
"The 2.5-hour thing can only be proven in the last five or six years." Zhang Li said that in the past, there was no technology in the design field to speculate on the interaction of people's residence time and space, so it could only be judged by experience. However, in the past five or six years, with the "human factors technology" used in military training, human-machine environment design, and sports training being brought into the design, the situation has changed.
"We rely on expression analysis to record and test different psychological changes when we walk this road, such as being frightened when we first walked to a steep slope, and after getting used to it, we began to appreciate the surrounding valley environment and began to be happy..." Zhang Li explained that relying on "human factor technology", the physiological information, psychological information and environmental space collected by the wearable device can be coupled to judge the intensity of the interaction between people and the environment; use virtual reality to simulate this possibility, and then use the measured data for feedback. It is possible to obtain a benchmark judgment on the "residence time that a person may generate under a fixed spatial relationship".
Zhang Li pointed out that by tracking the length of a person's gaze through eye movements, the conclusion can also be verified. "As people approach 'Snow Ruyi', sideways 'Snow Ruyi', and turn their backs toward 'Snow Ruyi', their high visibility will have some impact on the rate of people's slow travel experience..." Zhang Li said that according to calculations, this venue group as a whole can provide about 185 minutes of residence time.
National Ski Jumping Center "Snow Ruyi". Courtesy of Jianmeng Studio, Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University
Create a circular shared space with the help of VR technology
At the top of "Snow Ruyi", it is a summit club with a circular space.
Zhang Li said that the reason why the top space of "Xue Ruyi" should be made into a ring shape (meaning hollowing out in the middle) is because hollowing can be done lightly to solve the load-bearing problem; and in which place to hollow, it is not based on experience to pat the head, but with the help of human factors technology.
Specifically, through the virtual reality environment to test people's residence time in different places, and finally chose the longest residence time of the program, the program inside and outside the two circles are not concentric, about 1/4 of the way, the top is divided into A, B two spaces, A space in the front end, can be overlooked, and B space in the back end, can hold a variety of activities.
After the actual completion, 9 groups of volunteers were tested on the spot. Zhang Li described that on the west side of the B-end, clockwise, around the mountain on the west side, began to see the north side, the winter two (the national biathlon center), the valley, the Great Wall ruins gradually entered the field of vision, the human residence time began to rise, forming a long residence value; when gradually turning to the south side, the stay time began to decline; when you see the snow track, there is a relatively small sub-peak.
"The results of the actual post-completion tests were in line with our expectations for the design." Zhang Li said.
It is reported that the Summit Club is also a gathering space that can be used for sharing, Area A is used for viewing, and Area B can be used for leisure after the game, holding exhibitions, performances, conferences, weddings and so on.
In the evening, from Qunming Lake, you can see the Shougang Ski Jump. Courtesy of Jianmeng Studio, Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University
Continue the memory of the industrial heritage and preserve the Shougang skyline
West of the Yongding River, north of ShijingShan, Zhang Li presided over the construction of the Shougang Ski Jump is located in the Shougang Park. It is the world's first permanent platform and the first competition venue in the history of the Winter Olympics to be directly integrated with the reuse of industrial heritage.
"I grew up in Beijing, when I went to Shougang as a child, my main memory is four cooling towers, plus the West Mountain in the back, and the cooling pool in front, forming a skyline." Zhang Li proposed that it should be noted that Shougang is already a business card of Beijing's industrial heritage combined with urban renewal, how to continue the memory of industrial heritage? How can I join a new jump without destroying the skyline?
"With the help of human factors technology, we made all the possible directions that could be chosen, starting from the southeast-facing, every 5 degrees to do a test scene, and asked volunteers to help us judge." Zhang Li introduced that during the process, the tester's skin electricity indicates the wakeness; the retester's gaze time on the jump platform itself, the cooling tower and the West Mountain; and determine the final orientation of the jump platform according to these test data.
In the end, Zhang Li was very happy to see that the old Shougang people would stand on the side of Qunming Lake and point to the other side, and enthusiastically introduced: "This is our Shougang ski jump, the jump platform of the Winter Olympics." ”
In addition, the reporter learned that the track profile curve of the Shougang Ski Jump not only meets the requirements of the Big Jump competition, but also completes the conversion to the aerial skill field within 48 hours through the additional temporary unit structure, which is also the first case in the world.
"My team and I have strengthened my confidence through these designs that the problems that architectural design is going to solve, the data that design relies on judgments, always comes from life, from everyone in life, and relies on this data to try to find answers to problems, and in turn serves the people in life, which is why architecture must come from us, for us." Zhang Li said.
Beijing News reporter Feng Qi Editor Miao Chenxia