The Qianlong Emperor's second empress dowager, Empress Wulana
Emperor Chun succeeded Empress Dowager (11 March 1718 – 19 August 1766), of the Huifa Nala clan (the Qing History Manuscript records that the Uranara clan was mistaken), a Manchurian blue flag bearer, and then raised the flag into the Manchurian Yellow Banner, the daughter of Zo Ling Narbu.
Dai Chunrong played the successor Kangxi fifty-seventh year (1718) in the first ten days of February, the Nala clan was born, seven years younger than the Qianlong Emperor.
In October of the twelfth year of Yongzheng (1734), he entered the Residence of Shi Qian, and was the second side Fujin of the Hongli calendar of Prince Bao.
In the second year of Qianlong (1737), on September 24, he was crowned a concubine.
In the tenth year of Qianlong (1745), on the twenty-third day of the first month, she was enthroned as a noble concubine.
On the first day of July in the thirteenth year of Qianlong (1748), he was enthroned as a noble concubine of the Sixth Palace.
In the fifteenth year of Qianlong (1750), on the second day of the first month of August, she was made empress.
In the seventeenth year of Qianlong (1752), on April 25, he gave birth to the twelfth son of the emperor, Yong Xuan.
In the eighteenth year of Qianlong (1753), on June 23, he gave birth to the fifth daughter of the emperor.
On December 21, the twentieth year of Qianlong (1755), he gave birth to the thirteenth son of the Emperor Yongjing.
In the thirty-first year of Qianlong (1766), on July 14, he was buried as an imperial concubine.
During the Yongzheng Dynasty, he married Aisin Jueluo Hongli, who was then the Prince of Bao, and became a side Fujin. One month after hongli ascended the throne, on September 24, the thirteenth year of Yongzheng (1735), she was made a concubine. On the twenty-third day of the first month of the tenth year of Qianlong (1745), she was made a concubine.
On March 11, 1748, the thirteenth year of Qianlong (1748), Empress Xiaoxian, the empress dowager of Hongli, died of illness, and the position of empress dowager of the Middle Palace became vacant. Four months later, the Qianlong Emperor issued an edict: "Conquer the tens of thousands." Industrious night. Internal affairs of the palace. Wholly-owned Empress Xiaoxian. The Empress served the Empress Dowager. Rejoice day and night. Pure filial piety. And the treatment is exquisite. Light and heavy. From concubines to palace people. All are grateful for the law. Delighted and convinced. For more than a decade. He was able to concentrate on state affairs. Those who have spare time to calm down. Empress Nosuke also. I hereby follow the will of the Empress Dowager. The Queen Mother is the world. Judas and heaven are one and the same. The sun and the moon follow. The Emperor's Spring and Autumn were at its peak. Internal treatment requires people. Concubine Nara, a concubine of the Imperial Examination Xiangri. People are also dignified and generous. The rules of the Holy Patriarch should be followed. That is, the successor of the noble concubine Nara clan Kunning. It is comforting to give the heart. That is, the emperor has no patience. It should also precede the emperor's forty-year anniversary. It was past the twenty-seventh month. An auspicious ceremony is held. Good wife. Ritual Charity. Shi Yu Yu Huaiye. Thanks. They have been in love for more than twenty years. Grace is deeply friendly. The book is set up. I can't bear it in my heart. That is, after twenty-seven months. I thought it was too fast. But the Empress of Thoughts is a big deal. Our Lady of The Virgin. Over time. The Festival of the Year. as well as the province of temperature. Although he led the concubines, as well as the grandchildren, and the greetings around. And the middle palace is vacant. There will be those who care about it and be afraid of it. It is imperative to bear the mercy of life. To comfort the Sacred Heart. And the concubines serve internally. There are many people who are waiting for reason in the courtroom. Not scattered and unconvincing. To the princess and the wife, etc., there are ceremonies that should be performed. Allowed to be absent. It is also not coordinated in the etiquette system. The canonization cannot bear to be held. You can follow the system of power. Kao Zhiming Taizu Shu Concubine Li Shi Ning Concubine Guo Shi, successively regents of the Six Palaces. Shunzhi of the State Dynasty ruled for thirteen years and was appointed as an imperial concubine. Emperor Great-Grandfather Zuzhang ascended to the throne and ordered Yi Ri to issue an edict to the world. The most respectful. The former rules should now be followed. The noble concubine Nara clan was appointed as an imperial concubine. The Affair of the Sixth House. Yu yi rectified the funeral instrument. Worship our Lady. Xiang helped to bow down. End exemplary and humble. Shuncheng internal treatment. There are high hopes. All ceremonies should be performed. The University Fellows will play with the Ministry of Ceremonies, the Ministry of internal affairs, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Seek and consult the imperial concubines' canonization ceremony. The princess ordered the woman to perform the ritual. There is a precedent. Only where the noble concubines perform their rituals. There is no case in the outer court. But the imperial concubine took the six palace affairs. After twenty-seven months, he was in the middle palace. It is also in charge of internal affairs. The system should be respected. Noble concubines should also be treated as one. All canonization ceremonies should be preceded by one day. Send officials to pay homage to the Temple. The shrine is offered to the temple. The Upper Pro-Ceremony was held. During the term, there are halogen book ceremonial guards, neutral and Shao Le. The Treasure of the Upper Imperial Household And the Imperial Palace. University fellows, etc., and festivals are awarded as envoys. Holding the festival envoys with the treasure pavilion, to the Jingyun Gate to teach the internal supervision. The Imperial Concubine was greeted in a gown. Declare it as it is. The next day, he led the civil and military officials below the king and the empress dowager to perform ceremonies in the palace. Rebbe. Imperial concubines lead noble concubines below, princesses, princesses, concubines, and courtesies. The Upper Imperial Palace was congratulated. Decree the world. There were three major festivals. and celebrations. Ministers and officials of more than three pins, into the note to celebrate. and perform a silkworm ritual at each age. It shall be held as usual. Canonization ceremony according to the council. It will be held after March next year. Its pro-silkworm ceremony. After the middle palace. The Ministry played as usual. ”
On April 5, 1749, in the fourteenth year of Qianlong (1749), the Nala clan was officially crowned as the imperial concubine of the Sixth Palace. On the second day of the first month of August in the fifteenth year of Qianlong (1750), the ceremony of canonizing the empress was held. From then on, the Nara clan ascended to the throne of the Empress.
Since the Nala clan ascended the throne of Kunning, the emperor, whether it was Jiangnan Patrol Luck, Shengjing Ancestor Worship, Mulan Qiuhuo, Imperial Tomb Exhibition, all let the empress accompany him. Just one and a half years after she was made empress, she gave birth to the twelfth son of the emperor, Yong Xuan, in April of the seventeenth year of Qianlong (1752). The following year, he gave birth to the fifth daughter of the Emperor. In the twentieth year of Qianlong (1755), he gave birth to the thirteenth son of the emperor, Yongjing.
"Picture Frame Woman" Fan Bingbing Qianlong Thirty Years in the first month, Empress Nala accompanied the Qianlong Emperor on the fourth southern tour. This southern tour became a turning point in the fate of Empress Nala, and at the beginning of the southern tour, everything was normal, and on the way, the emperor celebrated her forty-eight years old. On the eighteenth day of the leap month, they came to Hangzhou, and when they had breakfast at the beautiful scenery of "Banana Stone Mingqin", the emperor also rewarded the empress with many meals, but when it came to dinner that night, the empress did not appear again, and the only people who accompanied the emperor to dinner were the concubines Wei Jia, Qingfei Lu, Rong Concubine and Zhuo. After that, the empress never appeared again, and later learned that on the eighteenth day of the leap month, Qianlong sent Heshuo and Jia princessEshuo Fulong'an to send the empress back to the capital by water. (The Qing Palace's "Shangzhi Archives" records: "On the eighteenth day of the leap month, Qianlong sent Fulong An hu from Empress Nalashi to return to Beijing by water first." At the end of the southern tour and shortly after returning to The Capital Division, Qianlong ordered the recovery of the four treasures in the hands of the empress, namely one for the empress, one for the imperial concubine, one for the concubine, and one for the concubine, and some of her servants were cut, and by July, there were only two palace women left under Empress Nala, and according to the Qing palace system, only the lowest-ranking concubines were given two palace women.
On July 15, 31, Qianlong, the emperor who was hunting in Mulan issued an edict: "According to the wang chancellor who stayed in Beijing to handle affairs, the empress died on the fourteenth day of this month. The Empress has not lost her moral character since her inception. In the spring of last year, when empress dowager Gongfeng was touring Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and was celebrating, the empress's nature suddenly changed, and she could not fulfill her filial piety before the empress dowager. Compared with Hangzhou, the behavior is particularly obedient and reasonable, and the traces are crazy. Because of the order to return to Beijing first, he was transferred to the palace. After more than a year of suffering, the illness became more and more dramatic, and Sui'er died. This is the result of the shallowness of the queen's blessings, and she cannot rely on the kindness of the Virgin Mary and receive the grace of the Virgin. If they act in violation of the law, it is only natural that they should be deposed. It still retains its name and has become exceptionally advantageous. However, the final ceremony is not convenient to repeat the major affairs of Empress Xiaoxian. All funerals may be carried out as usual by the Imperial Concubines and handed over to the Minister of the Interior. The author of this proclamation is known to both the Chinese and the foreign. ”
The empress died, but the emperor said that it was caused by her lack of blessings, and refused to hold a funeral for her at the rank of empress. Only at this time did the incident of the empress's rebellion unfold in front of the eyes of the people of the world in the form of a half-covered face of the pipa.
So, what exactly caused the empress to rebel? In the forty-third year of Qianlong, in the Jin Congshan incident, the emperor himself gave an explanation: "When Empress Xiaoxian died, because the Nala clan was originally from the Imperial Examination of the Qing Palace, the side room Fu jin was given by the imperial examination, and the rank was comparable, so the Empress Dowager Wenwen was registered as the imperial concubine and the sixth palace. After another three years, the book was established as the last. Since then, he has been embarrassed, and he is still as good as ever. Even if he makes his own hair, he is the most taboo in the national customs, and he brazenly ignores it. However, it is contained in the song, and it is not repudiated. Later, due to illness and death, he only ordered his rituals to be reduced, but did not lower his name. To deal with this matter is indeed the best of benevolence and righteousness. And its standing, in order, is not to ascend with love. And then it is unreasonable, and it is not because of the decay of love..."
The emperor's own statement is that the empress cut her hair, which is great disrespect and filial piety. But this is only a one-sided statement of the strong side, and it is an explanation made after more than a decade to counter the accusations from the people, and it is impossible to know whether it is true or false.
Because of the emperor's suspicious explanation, at that time, later generations deduced many versions of the emperor's anti-purpose, of which the most widely circulated was the Jiangnan Hunting Yan theory. Qianlong is a famous tianzi in Chinese history, who imitated his grandfather, the Kangxi Emperor, who kept touring the south, but his purpose was only to covet the beauty of Jiangnan and take the opportunity to find flowers and ask for willows. It is said that when he was touring the south, he once got a Zhaorong maid in Qingjiangpu, took her with him, and later specially ordered her to return to Yangzhou with a tungsten car jinmi, and also gave her jade ruyi, powder cup, gold vase, green jade hairpin, chi ying, jade cup, bead string, etc. There is also a maid named Xueru, who is also beautiful and colorful, and Qianlong took a fancy to her when he was touring the south, and joined the line, which was quite favored. Afterwards, Xueru specially embroidered a small dragon on the shoulder of her jacket, and told people that the Qianlong Emperor had once touched her shoulder with his hand, so he specially embroidered the little dragon to favor her. After Empress Nala came to Hangzhou with Qianlong on a southern tour, Qianlong changed into civilian clothes late at night and landed on the shore. The empress repeatedly advised, and even cried and advised, but Qianlong not only did not listen, but said that the empress was mentally abnormal, and sent someone to send her back to the Beijing Division.
In addition, there are also spoiled concubines who destroy their wives. Yan Chen's written confession of the prison case: "Thirty years of the emperor's southern tour, on Jiangnan Road, first send the empress back to Beijing." I was in Shanxi at that time, and I heard about it. Everyone said that the emperor wanted to set up a concubine in Jiangnan, and the empress did not rely on it, so she touched it and cut her hair. Many people said this." "Later, when he entered Beijing thirty-three years later, he also knew that yushi had died because of the empress's death, and had not issued an edict. The ceremonial department will participate in the dispatch of the matter. Thinking that no one dies, if you don't do something good and leave a reputation, you will be a wasted person... Some experts believe that here the Qianlong Emperor and the empress dowager want to promote the concubine to the imperial concubine, which is strongly opposed by the empress, because although the Qing Dynasty harem has the rank of imperial concubine, it is usually nothing more than the following four situations: First, the transition period and investigation period before the appointment of the empress, such as Empress Uranara herself, the Jiaqing Emperor's Filial Piety and the Rui Empress Niuhulu clan; second, the former emperor's concubines were promoted to the title of imperial concubine, such as Kangxi's Concubine Huihui (Tong Jiashi). , originally a noble concubine, Yongzheng is honored as an imperial concubine), Yongzheng's pure imperial concubine (Gengshi, originally Yufei, Qianlong took the throne after the Jin Dynasty was enfeoffed as a noble concubine, and later the Jin dynasty was enfeoffed as an imperial concubine); third, Chong Xi, when the noble concubine was critically ill, she was promoted to imperial concubine in order to recover, of course, it was only a good fortune, such as Yongzheng's Dunsu Emperor Guifei Nianshi, Qianlong's Huixian Emperor Guifei Gao Jiashi, Chunhui Emperor Guifei Su's family; fourth, posthumously, such as Kangxi's Jingmin Emperor's noble concubine Zhang Jiashi (Kangxi Emperor's thirteenth son, Yixian Prince Yunxiang's biological mother, who was not crowned before his death, After his death, he was posthumously honored as Concubine Min by the Kangxi Emperor, and Yongzheng was posthumously made an imperial concubine and moved to the Kangxi Jingling Tomb), Qianlong's Noble Concubine Fu cha of the Emperor's Zhe Mercy Emperor (the eldest son of the Emperor Ding'an Prince Yong Huang's biological mother, originally a prince of the imperial palace, qianlong died before ascending the throne, Qianlong was posthumously honored as a zhe concubine in the early years, Qianlong was posthumously promoted to the title of emperor concubine of the Zhe Mercy Emperor when she died, and was buried in the Yuling Underground Palace), guangxu's keshun emperor concubine Tatara clan (Zhenfei, who drowned in a well before the Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing in 1900, and Cixi declared to the outside world that she did not want to be defiled by foreigners after returning to Luan. Martyred with his body, he was enfeoffed as a noble concubine, and later buried as a concubine of Chongling, and was honored as a noble concubine of the Keshun Emperor). There were only two cases in which the real empress and the imperial concubine coexisted: in the Shunzhi Dynasty, Dong Efei was favored and was crowned as an imperial concubine, which directly threatened the status of Empress Xiaohuizhang; in the Tongzhi Dynasty, Huifei Fucha was favored by Empress Dowager Cixi, although she could not become an empress because of the emperor and Empress Dowager Ci'an, she was promoted by Concubine Hui to the rank of imperial concubine, and Empress Dowager Cixi did not like Empress Xiaozheyi, and was very difficult at every turn, and treated this imperial concubine very favorably, and the court was rebellious. It can be seen that in the case of an empress in the harem, the emperor usually does not appoint an imperial concubine, so as not to pose a threat to the empress. But this claim is only speculation, and it also lacks corroboration.
In fact, the funeral of Empress Nala was even lower than that of the imperial concubine, and according to the funeral rules of the imperial concubine, there should be a daily gathering of ministers, princesses, and women to mourn and perform rituals, and in the funeral of Empress Nala, this was canceled. Empress Nala did not attach a tomb to Yuling, nor did she build a mausoleum alone, but was buried in the concubine's bed, and what is more, according to the custom, all those buried in the concubine's bedchamber, no matter how low the status, were all ticketed, while the nala empress was stuffed into the underground palace of the pure hui emperor's noble concubine, located on one side, and the empress of the hall became a subordinate of the imperial concubine. According to the Great Qing Huidian, the coffins of imperial concubines were made of catalpa wood, decorated with 35 lacquers, and carried 96 coffins. Judging from the archives recorded by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the coffin used by Empress Nala was made of cedar wood, and there were 64 coffins, which were only of the rank of concubines, which was also in line with the condition of the coffin of Empress Nala in the palace of the pure Hui Emperor's noble concubine.
In addition, the Qing system: all imperial concubines, noble concubines, and concubines set up sacred plaques after their deaths, and they are placed in the garden and enjoy the hall, and the ceremonies are held in the hall, while the concubines, nobles, and constant presences and promises do not have sacred cards, and when they are sacrificed, the offering table is carried to the platform in front of the treasure roof. Empress Nara, on the other hand, had no sacred plaque, had no sacrifice after her death, and did not mention anything after her burial. According to the archives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the entire funeral was only used for silver 207 two 9 minutes and 4 cents, which was not as good as a low-level imperial court official.
As a queen whose title still exists, it is very impressive to be treated in this way. At that time, there was a royal history named Li Mingyu who wrote a letter, but unexpectedly caused the emperor to be annoyed and angry. "Yushi Li Yuming, the Ministry of Internal Affairs handled the funeral of the empress, and the tomb of the full moon should have a place where all the gates were gathered as usual, and now I have not heard whether it is omitted or not, which is really mad. The matter of the queen of the last year is well known and heard by everyone in the world. Now that he has been ill for a long time, he still has his name, and according to the funeral rites of the imperial concubine, he has been handed over to the Ministry of Internal Affairs for handling. The purpose of the previous edict was very clear, and Li Yuming did not know it very well. Nai Qiao quoted the canon, saying that the Ministry of Internal Affairs had not handled it thoroughly, but its intention was only to imitate the example of the imperial concubine, as if it was not enough, but did not dare to say it explicitly, so it was a hidden remark, and it was a vain act of blasphemy. His ulterior motives are deceitful, and it is really impossible to ask. Li Yuming was dismissed from his post and sent to Ili. And this edict is known to both inside and outside the world. ”