France and Britain were both the largest established colonial powers in Europe, but britain colonized in a very different way than France. The British adopted a relatively broad colonial approach, appointing only one governor in the colonial district, leaving everything else to the locals, who only squeezed the local resources and invested little in local construction. France, on the other hand, took the colony as its own home, enslaved the locals, promoted the French language, intervened in major and minor matters, and was willing to make economic investment in local construction, and those who performed well could also become French nationals and have French nationality.
Because of the different ways of ruling, the attitude when breaking up is also different. Britain is relatively open, relatively free to treat colonial independence, the way of breaking up is more decent, and the breakup is still a friend.
And the independence of the French colonies has to be broken up after a big fight, and goodbye is already a stranger, just like the "carp" dispute that has been raging in the past few days. France fought for a while when Vietnam became independent, and finally withdrew in disgrace. France and Algeria also fought for eight years before allowing people to become independent.
France has a longer colonial history in Algeria and invested more, and france has regarded Algeria as the second France, so when suppressing the independence movement, it spared no expense and invested 800,000 troops, almost desperately, but in the end it was repeated, and the army withdrew in ashes.
France was also a European military power at that time, so why could it not defeat the guerrillas of an African country?
First, France is morally disadvantaged.
France has a century of colonial history in Algeria, invested a lot of energy and feelings, this is not false, but after the outbreak of World War II, the Algerian people also love the 'country', their sons have joined the French army to defend France, these Algerian boys fought bravely on the battlefield, more than the French soldiers can fight, regardless of their lives, heroic sacrifices, made great contributions.
And General de Gaulle promised that if you helped France win the war, France would allow you to become independent. However, after The French independence, they were in ruins, and not only pushed the matter of their independence again and again, but also strengthened their control over Algeria, and the Algerian people could not bear the words of the French.
As the saying goes, more help is more than wrong, and France's behavior has been perverse in the post-World War II Asian, African and Latin American independence boom, which is untenable in the international arena and has been unanimously condemned by the whole world. The United States, the Soviet Union, and we all sided with France, pushing for the adoption of resolutions at the United Nations calling for France's withdrawal.
In addition to providing moral support, we and the Soviet Union and other countries have also provided material support to Algeria, providing a reliable guarantee for the victory of the Algerian people.
Second, the domestic anti-war cry is high.
At the beginning, the French people were not reconciled, and they were bent on preventing Algerian independence. However, with the protracted war, the sharp increase in casualties of soldiers on the front line, and the consumption of more and more strategic materials, there were different views in France on whether to fight the war or not, and it was no longer monolithic.
In the eyes of the French, Algeria is part of France, but after all, unlike the French mainland, the continuation of the war has hurt the French economy and affected the lives of the French people. And even if the war is won, the reconstruction of Algeria will still have to be paid by France, the most important thing is to heal the wounds of the Algerian war, soothe the wounds in the hearts of the people, but also need greater investment, consume more financial resources, manpower, which makes France overwhelmed.
And France fought in Vietnam for so long or without success, so that the French people are a little afraid, there is no belief in victory, why not hold the sand that can not be held? Since you can't keep people's hearts, the sooner you let go, the better. The anti-war voice in the country is rising day by day, and the French people have expressed their anti-war demands through strikes, strikes and demonstrations, which have left the French government in internal and external difficulties and the war cannot continue.
Thirdly, the correct policy of the Algerian armed forces of independence.
The Algerian Patriotic Front, the main armed force of Algerian independence, suffered heavy losses in positional warfare with the French army at the beginning, after which they sent special people to the East to learn guerrilla tactics and reduced the troops to zero guerrilla warfare.
At the same time, they launched the masses to fight a people's war, plunging the French into the ocean of people's war and beating the French aggressors to the brink and scorched.
The French general said with horror that Algeria was French during the day and became the domain of the guerrillas at night.
Thus, in 1959, with the solidarity of the international community, in the anti-war in France, and under the blows of guerrilla warfare by the Algerian people, the French Government admitted it. In 1962, the French government officially renounced Algeria and recognized their right to self-determination, ending an eight-year war with hundreds of thousands of casualties.