Author: Li Wenshan
Abstract: In recent years, the Qianjiang crayfish industry has developed rapidly, not only for the domestic market, but also for a large number of exports abroad. The breeding scale, processing capacity and export earnings of crayfish in Qianjiang City have ranked first in the country for 7 consecutive years, and the crayfish industry has gradually become one of the important industries supporting the economic development of Qianjiang. By summarizing the development history and current situation of the Qianjiang crayfish industry, this paper strives to analyze the development mode and development path of the Qianjiang crayfish industry, in order to provide reference for the development of related industries in other parts of China.
The haze of the new crown pneumonia virus raging in Jingchu has not yet faded, and the Qianjiang River, which is close to Wuhan, has brought a table full of crayfish to accelerate the recovery of the industry, thereby enhancing the confidence of consumers.
On the morning of April 13, 2020, "Guangdong" over a thousand miles to "eat" "aid" goods - Southern Metropolis Daily live broadcast with goods Qianjiang crayfish activity was held, Qianjiang Municipal Party Committee Secretary Wu Zuyun walked into the southern metropolis daily live broadcast room, online for Qianjiang lobster call with goods. The live broadcast attracted 1.8 million netizens to watch online, and many enterprises such as Guangdong Zhongli Group, Guolian Aquatic Products, Dianqi.com, hema and other enterprises subscribed to more than 6,000 tons of crayfish on the spot, worth more than 220 million yuan.
As a local government official, Wu Zuyun has more than once endorsed and brought goods for lobsters. On March 23, 2020, the Qianjiang crayfish was officially caught, and he not only took the lead in eating shrimp on the table, but also invited Wang Yan, a member of the Qianjiang Branch of the Shanxi Aid-E Medical Team, to participate. After understanding the farming mode of Qianjiang lobster on the ground and tasting delicious crayfish dishes, Wang Yan gladly endorsed the "Qianjiang lobster": "Qianjiang lobster farming ecology, crayfish practices are also particularly numerous, especially Qianjiang crayfish taste Q bomb, rich in nutrition, we all especially like." ”
For a time, various live broadcasts focused on Qianjiang, and crayfish became popular on the Internet. With the gradual recovery of the catering industry in Wuhan and other places, since the beginning of late April, the demand for crayfish consumption has become more vigorous. Outside the province, Chongqing, Chengdu and other places are expected to replace Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai as the main force of lobster consumption in The Qianjiang River.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="28" >, the height of the crayfish jump depends on the strength of industrial transformation</h1>
Crayfish (scientific name: Procambarus clarkii), also known as protocellfish, red crawfish and freshwater crayfish, resemble shrimp and have a hard carapace. The claws are narrow and long. The carapace is distinctly grainy. The frontal sword has lateral spines or notches at the ends of the frontal sword. The claws are dark red and black with bright orange or reddish nodules. The background color of the paws of larvae and females can be black-brown. The apex of the head is long and often has slight spines or nodules. As one of the alien species, China was introduced from Japan in the 1930s and 1940s, and Japan introduced it from the United States earlier, and crayfish are often polycultured in crops (such as rice) fields, and escaped individuals dig holes in embankments to survive. Once the pond has stocked the original seed, it can be self-sustaining, and there is no need to release the original seed after harvest or artificial incubation.
At the end of the last century, crayfish flooded the Jianghan Plain. The Qianjiang River, which was a corner of Yun Mengze in ancient times, is located in the hinterland of the "Province of a Thousand Lakes", and has gradually formed through the complex alluvial of the river and the slow sedimentation of the lake. Due to the lack of natural predators of crayfish in nature, the rice field lake is full of caves it digs, causing destructive harm to the ecological competitive advantage of local species, causing farmers to complain. However, crayfish are also freshwater economic shrimp and are popular for their delicious meat. Crayfish have become an important economically farmed species in China in recent years. Its flesh is delicate and nutritious, and has long become the main material in the daily diet of Europeans and Americans, and has a huge advantage in the development of the industry.
"It's so lucrative that it's hard not to be blindsided." At that time, He was still working as the chief of the supply and marketing section of a township enterprise in Qianjiang, and when he traveled in Jiangsu and Zhejiang on business, he saw the locals turning crayfish into a bag of shrimp for more than 10 US dollars a bag of shrimp exports, and he couldn't help but look envious.
The opportunity arose in 1999. At this time, the market appeared vacuum package cooked shrimp, lacquer carving Liangren also accumulated a sum of money, he and others to build a factory in Zhijiang, the production of vacuum shrimp. In 2001, the lacquer carving Liangren, whose industry had grown larger, returned to his hometown of Xiongkou Town, Qianjiang, registered and established Huashan Water Products Company, and began to operate export business. Subsequently, a number of aquatic products enterprises such as Lake Aquatic Products followed suit. Driven by the leader, the government's attention, the support of policies, the rapid rise of the crayfish industry, the burden has become wealth.
Food – Crayfish jump on the table. The owner of an individual restaurant in Hongqiao Village, Wangchang Town, was inspired by the cooking method of braised Du jia chicken in oil and played a sign of "small plum oil braised prawns" at the May 7 Market of Jianghan Oilfield, and diners were like clouds. Chen Lirong, who resigned from Jianghan Oilfield Technical School and went to the sea, saw the business opportunities and started with Lirong's crayfish signature dish, setting off a strong red storm, and then leveraging the catering markets in Wuhan, Beijing and other places, earning hundreds of millions of dollars.
Farming – crayfish jump into rice paddies. Liu Sovereign, a farmer in Baowan Village, Jiyukou Town, tried to "shrimp and rice continuous cropping", breaking the technical authority of "rice fields cannot breed crayfish", making more than 1,000 mu of low lake fields a sought-after commodity, and was praised by Luo Qingquan, then governor of Hubei Province, as "the first person to continuously cultivate shrimp and rice". In 2006, this ecological breeding model was written into the No. 1 document of the Hubei Provincial Party Committee, which led to the great development of crayfish farming in Jingchu Land, and the area of crayfish farming in Qianjiang alone exceeded 200,000 mu.
Deep processing – crayfish swim overseas. Two out of every 3 crayfish in Europe and the United States come from Qianjiang. The city's export volume has accounted for 40% of the country and more than 60% of the province for 20 consecutive years, winning the reputation of "the world's crayfish look at China, China's crayfish look at Hubei, and Hubei crayfish look at Qianjiang".
May 15, 2009 is a memorable day for the people of Qianjiang. On this day the city hosted its first Lobster Festival, and a small town of projectiles came into focus overnight. "Shrimp Emperor" brand "red through the sky", "little plum" Hui Ying "Chu Jiang Hong". Overseas merchants from the United States, Germany, Sweden, Singapore and other countries gathered and signed an investment order of 1.64 billion yuan.
Hubei Crayfish Industry Development Forum and Qianjiang Lobster Food Specialty Street have been launched. Stars joined, fireworks helped, "Ten Shrimp King" competition, "Shrimp King" and "Shrimp Queen" won 86188 yuan and 58188 yuan respectively. On July 7 of the following year, Qianjiang took the opportunity of "China's Crayfish Town" and "China's First City for Processing and Export of Crayfish" as an opportunity to take advantage of the momentum, and the second Lobster Festival made a lot of money, and the China International and Cross-Strait Chitin Seminar blossomed in Qianjiang, and the agreement attracted 2.65 billion yuan.
The "10,000 Lobster Feast" is long and long, witnessing the grand scene of "the city is full of red and gold armor". 100,000 people came to admire the "shrimp" and competed to see the Qianjiang flower drum play "Fairy Tale of Life". In 2011, Qianjiang suffered a rare summer drought and announced a suspension of one term, and the news came out that more than a dozen lobster farmers "collectively petitioned" in the hope that "the government would set up a platform". The splendor of the lobster festival reflects the perfect fit between scientific development and the festival economy. The Qianjiang crayfish is red through the north and south of the river, and the peak season is often "a shrimp is difficult to find", and the crux of the problem is that the shrimp source is extremely scarce.
The supply of seedlings is seriously insufficient and the germplasm degradation is serious. Crayfish farming mainly relies on the natural reproduction of broodstock in rice paddies, "people release the sky to raise", the head is large and the tail is small. Zheng Yulin, chairman of Lake Aquatic Products, as a deputy to the Provincial People's Congress, suggested that excellent lobster seedlings should be cultivated and made into the "engine" of industrial development.
The Hubei Provincial Government decided to spend 200 million yuan of special funds this spring for the research of breeding technology in the Lobster industry in Qianjiang, and a 3 billion lobster seedling breeding base was selected at Gaochang Ganjiata, which was the largest in the country.
Every summer, a red storm sweeps across the Qianjiang River. Everywhere the storm passed, the shrimp shells became mountains, and the smell was stinking. Garbage is a misplaced resource, and crayfish can only jump higher with technology. Qianjiang people know this well.
Only 20% of the crayfish can eat, and it is a pity to waste a lot of resources such as shrimp shells and shrimp heads. In fact, the chitin extracted from the shrimp shell and its derivatives are widely used, and the shrimp shell is transformed into chitin through biochemical reaction, which is immediately worth a hundred times. Chitin is then deeply processed and can be used to produce higher gold-content products such as medical supplies, health foods, and cosmetics.
High technology has brought new opportunities to the crayfish industry, and Huashan Water Products has become the first "crab eater". They cooperated with Wuhan University in research and development, invested 500 million yuan to build the country's only freshwater chitin deep processing base, and will carry out deep processing of chitin extracted from shrimp shells for the production of high value-added products such as medical supplies, health foods, and cosmetics. In the first year of production, the company produced 5,000 tons of chitin derivatives, and sales reached 2.5 billion yuan.
In June 2012, the third Lobster Festival set sail against the background of attracting more than 22.8 billion yuan, and 75 E-cuisine cooking masters performed their own skills and became a gourmet feast.
The first crayfish-themed movie in China, "The Story of Brother Shrimp", premiered, Professor Du Yumin, chief scientist of chitin, led the R&D team to create a "chitin capital" drum for Qianjiang, and the heads of nearly 100 travel agencies fell ink for "tasting lobsters and traveling famous cities".
How high can a crayfish jump? High is not a ruler. But a crayfish in Qianjiang jumped from a naturally bred ditch and became a "dragon" in China's freshwater lobster industry in the middle of the tide of the market economy. The world exclaimed: the height of the crayfish jump depends on the strength of the industrial transformation.
After 20 years of continuous exploration, innovation and development, the Qianjiang crayfish industry has formed an industrialization pattern integrating scientific research demonstration, breeding of fine seeds, seed breeding, healthy breeding, processing and export, catering services, cold chain logistics, deep processing, and festival culture. As of 2019, the city's crayfish farming area reached 800,000 mu, with an annual output of 150,000 tons of crayfish; crayfish products were exported to more than 30 countries and regions in Europe and the United States, earning foreign exchange of 250 million US dollars. The area of "shrimp and rice co-cultivation" reached 900,000 mu, and the comprehensive output value exceeded 28 billion yuan, driving employment of more than 200,000 people.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="48" > second, the city protects a shrimp, shrimp is a city</h1>
Adult crayfish are about 5.6-11.9 cm long and are cultured all over the world and form large wild populations. Because they can survive in temporary water bodies, and have a wide range of diets, the speed of establishing populations is extremely fast, easy to spread, and they are extremely threatening to local fish, crustaceans, aquatic plants, and destroy the local food chain; because of their burrowing caused by the loss of irrigation water and field destruction, the crawfish are very heterogeneous, and endanger the artificially bred juvenile mussels, changing the original appearance of the ecosystem, and are called "cold-blooded killers" in the water.
During the summer lobster festival every year, it is the crayfish fat and plump season, and the "foodies" who come to the scene occupy large and small restaurants and hotels on the street, not only in Qianjiang, Hubei, but also in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Wuhan and other large and medium-sized cities have shown the "Qianjiang Crayfish" signboard, and the air is filled with a tempting spicy taste. Behind this phenomenon is people's trust in the taste, quality and brand of Qianjiang crayfish.
Qianjiang raised a shrimp in 20 years, because the shrimp are famous, busy around the shrimp, rely on shrimp to get rich, in the meantime there are harvests, more pay.
Crayfish form an absolute competitive advantage in the local ecological environment because of their omnivorous, fast growth rate and strong adaptability. Its feeding range includes aquatic plants, algae, aquatic insects, animal carcasses, etc., and it also kills each other when food is scarce. People are also very worried at the same time as feasting, saying that crayfish like to stay in the stinky gutters and eat carrion, will such lobsters eat bad for the body? This paradoxical question has also been accompanied by The Qianjiang lobster for 20 years.
In fact, through many simulated field cave experiments, it is not difficult to find that crayfish do not like the sewage environment, but they are more tolerant in sewage, and crayfish do not like to eat carrion. Huang Cheng, an associate professor at the School of Life Sciences of Nanjing University, believes that about 80% of the lobsters climb directly to the Qingshui Cave each time, and about 20% of the lobsters climb to the sewage cave. "20% of the lobsters that crawl into the sewage cave will turn back, and the other lobsters will eventually die in the sewage."
The territory of Qianjiang is low and flat, the land is fertile, the rivers and canals are crisscrossed, and the lakes are dotted, which is known as the "land of fish and rice". The Tianguan River, the discharge road of the Long Lake, runs from east to west, and the Han River, the largest tributary of the Yangtze River, and its flood diversion, the Dongjing River, run from north to south. 21 drainage and irrigation trunk canals, such as Baili Changqu, Chengnan River, Tianguan River and Xijing River, 6 lakes such as Borrowing Grain Lake, Huiwan Lake, Fengjia Lake, Bailu Lake, Zhangjia Lake and Su Lake are all over the city, of which the lake area is 27,000 mu. Pleasant climate, the average annual temperature of 16.1 °C, the average annual sunshine hours of 1949-1988 hours, the annual frost-free period of about 250 days, abundant rainfall, the most suitable for warm, hot water fish farming, the development of aquaculture has a unique advantage.
No pesticides, no chemical fertilizer, the whole process of clear water aquaculture, shrimp shell is blue-green, peeled off, shrimp cheeks white, shrimp meat delicious, tail clean and full. The "Qianjiang Version" of crayfish is outstanding, and to do this, it is necessary to strictly operate in strict accordance with breeding standards. Combined with the relevant provisions and quality requirements of the national agricultural standardization production, Qianjiang took the lead in formulating and improving the "Implementation Plan for the Management of Aquaculture Drugs", carried out scientific and technological household work in various forms, and established 5 systems such as aquaculture registration system, prescription system, drug record system, drug suspension period system, and fishery drug access system. The "Technical Regulations for artificial induction and breeding of Protocrayfish of Ke's" drafted by Qianjiang and the "Technical Regulations for The Rotational Breeding of Shrimp and Rice of Proto-Crayfish of Ke's Shrimp" have become local standards in Hubei Province, and the "Technical Regulations for Co-cultivation of Lobster shrimp and rice in Qianjiang" have been issued and implemented by the China Fisheries Association.
In a duty room next to the rice field, a "four-in-one" quality traceability system of crayfish farming information, environmental supervision, online monitoring of water quality, remote diagnosis of epidemic diseases, 24-hour monitoring, and the "every move" of crayfish growth cannot escape the "eyes" of supervision. Strict regulation of breeding, so that Qianjiang lobster famous. It ships about 100,000kg per day, and can reach more than 200,000kg during peak periods.
Raising a shrimp has become qianjiang's pursuit, almost stubborn. In the process of shrimp and rice co-cultivation production, the frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is used throughout the process, and no insecticidal pesticides are used. Rice paddies provide sufficient food biological resources and suitable living environment for crayfish farming, and crayfish loosen the soil of rice fields, remove weeds and pest larvae, and their excrement provides nutrients for rice growth. Every year into the peak season of crayfish production, the city's large farmers, family farms, cooperatives must sign a letter of commitment to quality and safety.
In 2001, Qianjiang successfully explored the "shrimp and rice continuous cropping" model. This model uses low lakes to save rice paddies, excavates simple ditches to stock crayfish and shrimp, self-propagation and self-cultivation, planting rice in one season to raise crayfish in one season, which improves the index of farmland replanting, greatly increases farmers' income, and also provides sufficient raw materials for processing and export enterprises. In 2010, Qianjiang innovated the "shrimp and rice co-cultivation" model.
This breeding model highlights the ecological characteristics. When it is time to plant seedlings, the seedling crayfish are moved to the furrow to grow, and when the seedlings are mature, the young shrimp are brought back to the rice field. In this way, rice is planted from June to October, and shrimp are raised from October to May to achieve "one rice and two shrimp". Shrimp and rice cultivation can produce more than 200 catties of crayfish per mu, making up for the gap in the autumn crayfish market, and farmers increased production and income by nearly 50%. Not only increase income, but also environmental protection. Rice stems do not need to be burned, become shrimp feed, the production process uses frequent vibration insecticidal lamps, does not use pesticides and fertilizers, the quality of rice and crayfish has been improved, and the whole industrial chain of crayfish is circular, green, safe and pollution-free.
In December 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture officially approved the Qianjiang 100,000 mu shrimp and rice co-cultivation base as a national green food raw material (rice) standardized production base. In order to vigorously develop the "shrimp and rice co-cultivation" model, Qianjiang has introduced a policy to give new farmers a subsidy of 40 yuan per mu, while distributing tens of thousands of technical guides free of charge and announcing technical hotlines. Farmers encounter problems, and technicians are available on the phone for free.
Changing "one shrimp and one rice" to "one shrimp and two rice", "shrimp and rice co-cultivation" has a good stable grain income and significant economic, social and ecological benefits. From the perspective of economic benefits, the Qianjiang lobster industry has spawned a large number of processing enterprises with sales revenue of more than 100 million yuan, catering and e-commerce enterprises with more than 10 million yuan, and large breeders with more than one million yuan.
In 2017, Qianjiang took the comprehensive treatment of the water environment as the "number one battle", focusing on the four major goals of clear water, full water, water ecology and landscape, full of water, and making every effort to promote environmental improvement such as the Hannan River and the Dongjing River, focusing on strengthening the comprehensive treatment of pollution from rural livestock and poultry breeding, increasing the speed of returning farmland to the lake, and creating a 20,000-mu crayfish high-quality seed source protection area.
Whether it is the first "shrimp and rice continuous cropping" or the re-creation of "shrimp and rice co-cultivation" these two breeding modes need to keep the first pass of crayfish quality. Production has records, quality testing, circulation traceability, processing has monitoring, Qianjiang has achieved the whole process of supervision from the field to the table, each batch of crayfish must have "two certificates", one is the certificate of conformity, that is, the inspection report; the other is a two-dimensional code ID card, to ensure that the source of goods is clear, the destination is clear, and the problem lobster can be recalled in time. In the Hubei Crayfish Trading Center, the submarine network e-commerce in accordance with the quality traceability of the "one ticket pass" system requirements, each batch of crayfish has a triptych bill, ticket goods peers, to ensure that the source of crayfish traceable, where to check.
The consumption link should not be taken lightly. Qianjiang implements the whole process of monitoring from raw material purchase inspection, cleaning to cooking and processing for key catering units, and the real-time monitoring terminal of food and drug supervision personnel can see the situation in the operation room of the store at any time, and customers can also walk into the operation room of the bright kitchen stove at any time to "find stubble".
In the face of interests, it is inevitable that gray areas will appear. In the market, the lobster "special feed" sold by some unscrupulous merchants can indeed induce the rapid growth of crayfish to sell at a high price before the centralized listing.
In the face of temptation, Qianjiang shrimp farmers and shrimp enterprises are not moved. At present, 150,000 mu of crayfish in Qianjiang have received "identity cards". During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the crayfish quality traceability system will achieve full coverage, and the "innocent life" of the crayfish can be queried by scanning the code.
Adhering to standardized production, Qianjiang has become a national crayfish standardized breeding demonstration county. "Huashan, Lake" two companies have obtained global ERC certification, products can be directly into European and American supermarkets. Huashan aquatic products and Lake aquatic products are "national agricultural industrialization key leading enterprises", and the exported crayfish products have not exceeded the standard in the "harsh" testing of the European and American markets. The test report provided by the Qianjiang Agricultural Development Center shows that in the past 15 years, the pass rate of crayfish testing has reached 100%.
"As long as the shrimp are good, guard a treasure." Longjuwan Cooperative has a core demonstration base of 1,000 mu, radiating more than 40,000 mu of shrimp and rice fields around it. In recent years, the cooperative has spent nearly one million yuan to purchase equipment such as climate, water quality, hospital inspection, etc., and built a laboratory on the field. Eat well, drink well, and the crayfish here jump happily. In 2016, although the crayfish fry sold by the cooperative were higher than the market price, the large farmers in the surrounding Jianli, Hanchuan, Xiantao and other places still took the initiative to purchase at home; the "Chu guo yan rice" launched by the cooperative sold for 56 yuan in 1kg, and the annual income from selling rice reached more than 400,000 yuan.
On the basis of shrimp and rice co-cultivation, Qianjiang began to explore the development idea of "shrimp + N", and created more than ten kinds of efficient models of polyculture, overculture and rotation of crayfish: "crayfish + mandarin fish" rotational farming, the income per mu can reach nearly 10,000 yuan; "crayfish + turtle + rice" efficient breeding, the income per mu can reach 8000 yuan.
In the past, planting and breeding were separated, and the index of multiple planting relied on chemical fertilizers and pesticides to improve, which was not sustainable; now shrimp and rice are co-cultivated, so that grain production and peasants can increase their income, and they have truly walked out of the strange circle of "growing grain without making money, and making money without growing grain." In 2019, the comprehensive output value of Qianjiang crayfish exceeded 20 billion yuan, and the scale of breeding, processing capacity and export foreign exchange earned led the country for 15 consecutive years. Crayfish has become the first characteristic industry of Qianjiang, the first demonstration industry of transformation and upgrading, and the first comprehensive industry of succession.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="71" > Third, accelerate the upgrading and development of the shrimp-rice industry, Qianjiang is determined to consolidate the status of "national shrimp king"</h1>
The Qianjiang crayfish industry, which started from scratch, has now formed a relatively complete industrial pattern and is moving towards a 100-billion-level large industry. This achievement is manifested in the following three aspects:
From baggage to wealth, Qianjiang has created a legend of turning harm into treasure. Lobster dining is hot. Qianjiang actively supports the crayfish catering brand to become bigger and stronger, respectively, in the east and west urban areas planning and construction of oil braised prawn food street, displayed in the characteristic China Hubei Pavilion, and the oil braised prawns are promoted to the outside world in the form of chain catering, and a series of lobster food promotion activities such as "Qianjiang Tourism Card" and "Shrimp Road Meet" have been carried out, and "taking the high-speed rail, eating lobster, swimming in the Qianjiang River" has become a new highlight.
Lobster exports won the Kyushu championship. At present, there are 14 crayfish processing enterprises in Qianjiang, with an annual processing capacity of 400,000 tons. The city has built three intensive aquatic product processing enterprise groups in Xiongkou, Haokou and Houhu, which can produce more than 10 series and more than 60 varieties of shrimp, whole limb shrimp, shrimp tail, lavender, fish fillet, surimi, field snail, lotus belt, chitin and derivative products. Qianjiang crayfish processing export volume in Hubei "three parts of the world has two", is the country's largest crayfish export base.
Promote moderate-scale operations. Organically combining the development of various forms of moderate-scale operation with the extension of the shrimp and rice industrial chain, Qianjiang encourages farmers to develop large-scale and standardized "shrimp and rice co-cultivation" bases through cooperation and joint means, fully implement standardized production, accelerate the construction of a quality and safety management system for agricultural products at the municipal, town and village levels, improve the input registration, production, operation, use and market supervision and management system, and build a national agricultural product quality and safety demonstration county and city.
From selling products to selling culture, Qianjiang has completed an unusual leap. Lobster e-commerce has sprung up. Vigorously promote the "Internet + crayfish + shrimp and rice" action plan, Qianjiang built the country's first crayfish fresh products trading platform China Shrimp Valley Network, encourage enterprises to carry out network marketing on e-commerce platforms, and emerge online brands such as "Shrimp Little Brother", "Shrimp Zun", "Shrimp King" and so on. In 2019, Qianjiang marketed crayfish through the Internet for more than 230 million yuan, "Shrimp Zun" exceeded 28,000 singles in only three days through online marketing, with sales of more than 2.2 million yuan, winning the first place in the entire network of the Taobao International Crayfish Festival, and China Shrimp Valley E-commerce Co., Ltd. carried out live crayfish sales through china shrimp valley network, with an amount exceeding 28 million yuan.
Lobster elements are integrated into the city. The first phase of the Hubei Zhonglun Ecological Lobster City Project, with an investment of 1.5 billion yuan and a construction area of 560,000 square meters, has been completed and opened; the lobster sculpture square covering an area of 6,000 square meters has been completed, and the crayfish sculpture has won the Guinness Book of World Records; the most thrilling lobster city amusement park in China with an investment of 75 million yuan has been opened to welcome guests; the "Mississippi River" surrounded by a thousand meters of water system, the largest boutique indoor greenhouse scenic spot in Asia and the basic project of the 4A-level tropical rainforest scenic spot are being completed.
Lobster culture is becoming increasingly rich. Since 2009, the 10th Lobster Festival successfully held in Qianjiang has become a festival event for the rich people, benefiting the people and enjoying the people, and has been built into a cultural brand integrating gourmet feasts, cultural festivals and economic and trade events, on the basis of giving play to the traditional functions of agricultural physical security, raw material supply, and employment solutions, filmed film and television works such as "The Story of Brother Shrimp" and "Legend of Brother Shrimp" with lobster as the theme, choreographed a square dance with lobster as the theme, and held a "Chinese photographers gather in Qianjiang" with lobster as the theme. A series of cultural exchange activities such as poetry and song meetings attended by famous poets from all over the country. "Qianjiang Lobster Festival" was awarded the honorary title of "China's Most Local Characteristics Festival", and Qianjiang was successively rated as "China Festival Brand Demonstration Base" and "China's Most Attractive Festival City".
From farming civilization to ecological civilization, creating a whole industrial chain of green crayfish farming has become the cultural consciousness of Qianjiang.
Precision poverty alleviation industrialization. With the general requirement of "precision poverty alleviation, not leaving one person behind", Qianjiang will continue to expand the scale of "shrimp and rice co-cultivation" with the lobster industry as the carrier, encourage key state-level leading enterprises such as Lake Aquatic Products and Huashan Water Products to participate in precision poverty alleviation, innovate poverty alleviation systems and mechanisms, adopt technical guidance, financial support, product recycling and other methods, have targeted and precise policies, and by 2019, support 6,000 households and 30,000 people will be lifted out of poverty through the lobster industry.
Seedling breeding is factory. Qianjiang took the lead in carrying out research on crayfish seed selection and breeding technology in the country and succeeded, and established the largest crayfish seed selection and breeding center in the country, which has formed a scale of 3 billion high-quality shrimp fry per year. Since 2016, nearly 14 billion shrimp fry have been sold, of which 1.8 million mu of shrimp fry have been supplied to other parts of the province, and nearly 5 billion shrimp fry have been sold to Hunan, Anhui, Jiangxi and other provinces.
Lobster processing is deepened. Chitin and its derivatives are becoming an emerging industry, with a very wide range of applications, has attracted great attention from the international scientific and technological community and industry, and the market prospects are very promising. After the project of comprehensive utilization of waste shrimp shell extraction ammonia salt and shrimp and fish processing resources was put into operation, the crayfish industry chain was further extended, and the ability of Qianjiang aquatic product processing enterprises to earn foreign exchange and resist market risks was improved.
Lobster brand well-known. Qianjiang has continuously built the connotation and reputation of the shrimp and rice co-cultivation product brand, and cultivated a number of high-quality brands with loud, hard and high market share at home and abroad. The "Liangren" brand crayfish trademark has become a well-known trademark in China, and the "ChujiangHong" crayfish and the "Chuyu" brand frozen-boiled crayfish have become among the famous brand products in Hubei; the "Chujianghong" crayfish has won the "Gold Award of the Ninth China International Agricultural Products Fair"; and the "Shrimp Township Rice" brand ecological fragrant rice has won the title of "Gold Medal Rice" of the China Quality Rice Expo, which has effectively enhanced the image of "Qianjiang Lobster".
Lobster talent high-end. With the consent of the Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Qianjiang relies on the Jianghan Art Vocational College to face the "Qianjiang Lobster Thousand Teachers and Thousand Stores Project", and has carried out school-enterprise cooperation since 2017, through the admission of separate enrollment examinations, opening 2-year cooking technology and nutrition, catering management and 3-year marketing majors, cultivating 1,000 skilled talents in the crayfish industry at the general specialist level, and putting it into the job market to become a sought-after "fragrant food", promoting "mass entrepreneurship and innovation". The Qianjiang lobster industry brand will be built into a national high-end labor service brand.
"A shrimp in your left hand, a bag of rice in your right." This year, due to the impact of the epidemic, the annual lobster festival had to be suspended, but the city still made a comprehensive deployment for the development of the shrimp and rice industry in the next five years: adhere to the two-wheel drive of shrimp and rice, accelerate the upgrading and development of the shrimp-rice industry, and continuously consolidate the leading position of the "national shrimp king" in Qianjiang. By 2025, the city's "shrimp and rice co-cultivation" area will reach 1.2 million mu, crayfish production will reach 300,000 tons, shrimp and rice production will reach 800,000 tons, to achieve full coverage of standardized breeding, 100% of variety quality rate, and achieve a comprehensive output value of 120 billion yuan in the shrimp and rice industry.
As the epidemic situation in many parts of the country continues to improve, Qianjiang has accelerated the restoration of the national logistics network. As of April 15, 2020, Qianjiang has restored its sales network in 400 cities across the country and opened more than 70 logistics lines. At the end of April, trading data from the Hubei Crayfish Trading Center showed that the daily sales of crayfish reached 700 tons, and the trading volume fell by nearly 20% nearly the same period last year. Kang Jun, head of the center, said that when the market resumed work on February 25, Qianjiang Crayfish only sent one car to other places, and the current number of vehicles sent throughout the day has exceeded 80, basically recovering last year's level. At the same time, as the consumer market in some parts of the country gradually picks up, the transaction price is also gradually increasing. The average price per kilogram of crayfish in March was nearly 20 yuan lower than that of the same period last year, and by mid-April, the price difference narrowed to about 10 yuan.
About author:Li Wenshan (1962-), former vice president and former deputy editor-in-chief of Qianjiang Daily
Original title: Why a shrimp swims into "a dragon" - Qianjiang crayfish green farming the whole industry chain development path to explore the source
Source: China Fishery Economy. 2020,38(03)
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