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Chapter 1 The basic unit of life, the cell

1. Organisms have a common material basis and structural basis.

2. The cell is the basic unit of the structure and function of the organism; the cell is the basic unit of the structure of all animals and plants. Viruses have no cellular structure.

3. Metabolism is the basis for all life activities of living organisms.

4. Organisms are stressful, so they can adapt to their surroundings.

5. Biological genetics and variation are characterized by a way that allows species to remain largely stable while constantly evolving.

6. Organisms can adapt to a certain environment and can also affect the environment.

7. The fact that the chemical elements that make up living organisms can be found in inorganic nature and that none of the chemical elements are unique to the biological world shows that the biological and non-biological communities are unified.

8. There are also differences between the biological and non-biological communities.

9. Sugars are the main energy substances of cells and the main energy substances of living organisms for life activities.

10. Protein is inseparable from all life activities.

11. Nucleic acids are the genetic material of all living things.

12. None of the compounds that make up an organism can perform a certain life activity alone, and only when these compounds are organically organized in a certain way can they express the life phenomena of cells and organisms. Cells are the most basic structural form of these substances.

13. All living organisms on Earth, except viruses, are made of cells.

14. Cell membranes have certain fluidity (structural characteristics) and selective permeability (functional characteristics).

15. Cell walls have a supportive and protective effect on plant cells.

16. Mitochondria are the main sites for aerobic respiration by living cells.

17. Ribosomes are places within cells where amino acids are synthesized into proteins.

18. Chromatin and chromosomes are two forms of the same substance in a cell at different times.

19. The nucleus is the place where genetic material is stored and copied, and is the control center for the genetic characteristics of cells and the metabolic activity of cells.

20. The structure of the parts that make up the cell is not isolated from each other, but closely related to each other, coordinated, a cell is an organic unified whole, and the cell can only complete various life activities normally if it maintains integrity.

21. Cells proliferate in a divided fashion, which is the basis for the growth, development, reproduction and inheritance of organisms.

22. The significance (characteristic) of cellular mitosis is that the chromosomes of parent cells are copied and accurately distributed evenly among the two daughter cells, so that the stability of genetic traits is maintained between the parents and offspring of the organism, which is of great significance to the inheritance of the organism.

23. Highly differentiated plant cells still have the ability to develop into intact plants, that is, to maintain the totipotency of the cells.

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