Datong Jin Dynasty Zhang Cheng sarcophagus inscription
Journal of Shanxi Datong University (Social Sciences Edition), No.03, 2009 Liu Wei (School of Archaeology, Peking University)
Abstract: The sarcophagus of Zhang Cheng of the Jin Dynasty found in Datong shows that the Tomb of the Zhang clan to which he belonged was planned according to the principle of five-tone surname Li. In the Yanyun region, there are two similar examples of the Liao Dynasty, which can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. This shows that the five surname burial methods in the Yanyun area are inherited from the Tang, Liao, and Jin dynasties, and the same burial customs that are common to the tombs of the Song and Yuan dynasties in the northern region of the Central Plains are the two streams of the Tang Dynasty.
At Huayan Temple under Datong, it was found that the south side of the Bhagavad Gita Hall was scattered with Ming Dynasty epitaphs and a number of small sarcophagi from the Liaojin and Yuan dynasties. One of the Jin Dynasty sarcophagus lids is inscribed with an inscription, which is related to the problem of the five-tone cemetery in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and a special transcript is as follows:
The late uncle Xuanwu General Xingwen Embroidery Bureau chengqi du Lieutenant Qinghe County Kai / Guonan Food Yi three hundred households Zhang Gong. Gong Zhen Cheng, Zi Yan Qing, out of the official succession / □ jian monument, now record the official year A in fact. The thirteenth year of the Reign of the Catholic Church (1135) B/卯 October 29th birth, the next year of the third year (1198) of the third year (1198) of the ninth day of the first month of August died, the life expectancy of sixty has four. Fate finally / Yanshan Wen embroidery office official house, attached / coffin returned to the family. When the poop is not obtained, the right to send it to the Buddhist temple. Often read the white bone hat exposed in the monk's house, now get the surname Tongshi, to Taihe / Yuan Year Year Xin You, March 17 Xin Hai Shuo SeventeenTh Day Ding 卯乙 /時 Breaking the Earth, to the twentieth day of the month geng noon B burial uncle Yu / ancestor old Mo Geng Cave, and / Father Ci Yan. Therefore, the book is here, and in fact, it is immortal. / Taihe Yuan Year Year Xin You March NongChen Xin Hai Shuo Twenty Day Geng Noon B Buckle Cover, Niece Zhang Shiren Shu. /
As the tombstone of Yan Deyuan, a Daoist monk of the Western Jingyu Virtual Temple, in the 30th year of Jin Dading (1190), said: "The old customs are in the clouds, and when people die, they will be burned with wages." [1] Liaojinyuan tombs in datong area are mostly cremated, and small sarcophagi are more common burial tools in archaeological findings. However, the form of engraving inscriptions on the sarcophagus has been rarely found in previous reports. Comparing Zhang Cheng's title with the "History of Jin" records, his identity can be known. General Xuanwei, Wu Shanguan, Zheng Wupin Zhong; Wen Xiu Shu (文绣署丞), a clerical officer, belongs to the Shaofu Supervisor, from Qipin; Knight Lieutenant, Commander of the Order, from Wupin; Qinghe County founding baron, knight, from wupin. The inscription's account of Zhang Cheng's choosing a day to be buried at the Buddhist temple vaguely reveals an aspect of the burial customs of the Yanyun Han people in the Liaojin period.
Zhang Cheng's funeral was handled by his nephew Zhang Shiren: "Bury your uncle in the ancestral old Gong Geng Cave, and your father is second to the next." According to the "New Book of Re-Correction of Geography", Volume 1, "Five Surnames Belong", the surname Zhang belongs to Shangyin. Volume 13 "Step by Step to Take the Cave" article:
Where there are eight laws for burial, there are also eight laws for the step. ...... Eight Yue Zhao mu, also known as the fish. Those who enter the inner burial of the first one, that is, the left Zhao and the right Mu, such as the shape of a fish. ...... However, Henan, Hebei, Guanzhong, and Lang (垄) are used outside of this method. Qiao Dao used Tim: Shang surname ancestral tomb nong bing geng three cave burial, and then to the east of the south B land to make a grave, the name Zhao Mu burial, not allowed to cross the land, the participle imitates this. ...... The Shang surname zu tomb under the three caves of nong bing geng buried, and then in the south of the east C land as a tomb, called through the fish burial, not too noon, the participle imitates this.
It can be known that the burial order of the Shang surname Zhao Mu Guanyu is Nong Bing Geng. Referring to the inscription, the arrangement of Zhang's cemetery is about zhang Shiren's grandfather, who buried the cave; Shi Ren Father is secondary, buried in the C Cave; Shi Ren Uncle Cheng was humble and buried geng cave. It is a valuable example of the Five Sounds Cemetery of the Jin Dynasty in Datong Region
Datong Shilipu once found the tomb of Dong Chengde's wife Guo shi in the seventh year of Liaoqian unification (1107), slightly cloudy:
Now his deceased wife Guo Shi bought five acres of Land from Sun Quan Fort in Yunzhong County about five miles southwest of Beijing, with a length of thirty-eight steps and a width of thirty-two steps. Twenty-nine steps into his side, his wife was buried in a cave. [2]
In the previous book, the surname Dong belonged to Gongyin, and the burial order of Zhaomu Guanyu was Jia Gengren. And because the cemetery is newly placed by Dong Chengde, it can be known that it is honored by the Jia Cave, and the burial of his wife is also where Dong Chengde returned after his death.
Kang Wencheng's tomb excavated from the Liao Tomb of the China Institute of Industrial Movement in Haidian, Beijing:
However, in the seventh year of Xianyong (1071), he died in Xinhai on the eighth day of The Eighth Day of The Fourth Month. To the Zhongjing Dadingfu Zhenguosi North Street out of the cremation, the relocation of the Shenshu from the ancestral tomb, to Yanjing Wanping County Alum Village name Northwest Township, to June 29 of the same year at noon when the burial of Rujing Envoy. The wings of the goose in the northwest of Yu Zu's tomb were again encircled, and the land was also thirty-one steps long from north to south and nineteen steps wide from east to west, ranking on the upper cave. The late brothers of the imperial officials such as the imperial envoy, the Yinqing Chonglu doctor, the inspector Shangshu Right Servant Shooting, the Imperial Attendant of the Imperial Palace, the Xiao Knight Lieutenant, the founding man of Dongping County, and the three hundred households of Kang Wencheng were sixty-two. ...... The former Wei Gao Shang purified Weng Weng Zhen Tingsui and mother-in-law Meng Shi, the second Shang Ning had Zhen Xiao Ye Ye Zhen Shou Pi, Niangniang Li Shi, the second Niangniang Yang Clan, the third brother and the third brother Zhen Wenjun and the wife Geng Shi.
The Kang surname belongs to the Shang yin, and compared with the previous example, it can be inferred that the Kang cemetery is divided into two areas. The Southeast Ancestral Ancestor was honored by nong's cave and buried Wencheng's grandfather Ting Sui and grandmother Meng Shi; The C cave is secondary, burying the father Shou Pi, the mother Li Shi and the Yang clan; Geng's cave was humble, and he buried his third brother Wen Jun and his wife Geng Shi. The second mound in the northwest is still honored by the nong's cave, and the burial of Wencheng is complete, and the rest of the C-cave and the Geng's cave are to be buried by others.
From the Liao Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the epitaph of Yang Shaoyu in the sixth year (852) of Xuanhua Dazhong in Hebei and the epitaph of Yang Yi in the sixth year of Qianfu (879) describe his tomb cloud: "Shangjiao is used together, Rongjia Yigeng". Yang is a Shang surname, which also reflects the concept of five tones of land choice. It can be seen from this that the five surname burial methods in Yanyun area are inherited from the Tang, Liao, and Jin lineages, and the same burial customs that are accustomed to The Tombs of the Song and Yuan Dynasties in the northern region of the Central Plains are the same as those of the Tang Dynasty.
(At the scene, Mr. Cheng Kangpeng helped take the sarcophagus photo and was able to correct the recording, and hereby thank you.) )