Our country is the country of poetry, from ancient times to the present, poets who have their works passed down from generation to generation are like the sand of the Ganges, which is difficult to count. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic, there was an outstanding scholar and poet Liu Jong-young in the Gyeonggi region, whose writings and achievements were outstanding, and he has not been fully valued by people, and even few people know him.
One
Liu Zhongying (1843 ~ 1918), the character Purple Mountain, the number of Xianshi, the nickname of Zhiyi, the late name of the Ten Continents Foreign History, the small village of Dacheng County, Suncheon Province. According to the "General Genealogy of the Ming Classics in the Same Year of selection of all provinces" (Guangxu Yiyouke), Liu Zhongying's great-grandfather's name was 楍, the character is restored to the beginning, he is happy to be charitable, and has virtue and hope in the township. His grandfather, Xu (胥), courtesy name Chunfu (春甫), was a scholar of the eighth year of Daoguang (1828) and a second-class scholar who served as a priest in Ningjin County, Hejian Province. His father's name was Kaidi, the character Luan Po, Daoguang Twenty-four Years (1844) Enke Township Kui, also a second class, once served as a teacher in Qingyun County, Tianjin Province. The mother is zhang, the younger brothers are Zhong Jun, Zhong Gui, zhong lian, and the sons are Shou Kai, Shou Chang, Shou Cheng, and Shou Jin.
Liu Zhongying's family has been a scholar for generations, and his grandfather and father have been devoted to learning all their lives, teaching non-stop, and both have personal writings. According to the ninth volume of the Twenty-third Issue of Qing Guangxu", "Records of Dacheng County", Liu Xusheng had a different attitude, and was trained in Tongyi Wang Diyuan's fine research and sharp learning, and was a disciple of the weak crown to supplement the doctorate, and the champion of the trial. He was initially appointed to ningjin county and resigned as his mother. Later, in the second year of Tongzhi (1863), he sat down to fill the original vacancy, talked about the Taoist thesis and suppressed the degree of harmony, and within a year, the morale was greatly boosted, and the instructors were many middle and scientific. In his later years, he returned to the main lecture at Wen'an Guangling Academy, and the heart of the founder was old and strong, and although he was sick and moaning, he never stopped. He once admonished his children and grandchildren to read books and respect people, and for good, ghosts and gods were respected; the thesis advocated orderly speech and materiality. Tongzhi died in the twelfth year (1873) at the age of eighty-two, and wrote the "Collected Poems of Dexintang". Liu Kaidi's young family training, gong calligraphy, hanyuan talent, seventeen years to supplement the doctorate disciple. Especially good at calligraphy, the family collection of gold and stone is the richest, from Zhong Xuan, Wang Xizhi, down to Zhao Mengfu, Dong Qichang, all of them are pursuing with all their hearts, and they all have their spiritual essence. The big characters of the book are unique, and the buyers have successively followed, and they are regarded as the most precious treasures. He once served as a teacher in Qingyun County, Tianjin Province, for twelve years, a good priest, a good seduction, a pleasant and peaceful treatment, and a tourist sitting in the spring breeze. After the dedication, he lectured at the Qingxian Yong'an Academy, and Benyi Liu Qinghong, Liu Hanping, Chen Enbao, Ren Qiu Kong Xianqi, Qingyun Liu Tongyu, etc. all learned from it. Due to the illness of the teacher, Guangxu died in the winter of the twenty-third year (1897) at the age of seventy-eight, and wrote the "Qingzhao Caotang Poetry Draft".
Two
Liu Zhongying had a long-cherished wisdom at a young age, and at the age of ten he could write poetry, and according to legend, someone pointed out that the "Fishing Village Sunset Picture" hanging on the wall of the church was tested, and he wrote a poem with seven words and ancient style. He was a long-distance reader from his grandfather, familiar with the texts of the Hundred Sons of The Hundred Families, and read a variety of wild history secret books and poems and miscellaneous chapters. At the age of twenty, he became a county student and was very appreciated by the county. He often asked Ben Yi mingru Ren Liandi, Song Shaolian, and Wang Zhinan to learn, and the virtue industry was advancing day by day. Later, he was known to wu Rulun, a famous scholar of the Tongcheng school, who taught ancient grammar and began to know the door of ancient learning. At an early age, he had the ambition of "making the first emperor's road and wanting to show his time with his merits", and wanted to do a great cause of Puji Cangsheng and "rejuvenating the way and transforming the people". However, he did not select Gongsheng until the eleventh year of Guangxu (1885). Faced with the turbulent situation and the corrupt government, he felt that his ambitions were difficult to reward, so he gave up his meritorious service and shifted his interest to reading and writing and cultivating his emotions.
In the second year after becoming a bagong student, Liu Zhongying set off from Qingyun, Shandong (his father Liu Kaidi was then the instructor of Qingyun County) and successively went to Tianjin, Beijing, Datong, Taiyuan, Zhengding, Jinan, Yangzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Changsha, Xunyang, Hengyang and other places to enjoy the beautiful mountains and rivers of the motherland, traveled to countless scenic spots and monuments, and wrote many magnificent poems, which were later collected into special collections such as "Dei Cheng Youcao", "Jinmen Youcao", "Jinghua Youcao", "Jinyou Cao", "Shanzuo Youcao", "NanyouCao" and so on.
Liu Zhongying is kind and kind, very fond of eating meat and drinking, and never eats vegetarian. Quite good to make the fist stick, there is a heroic style. Usually dressed in a simple manner, like a person in the Wei and Jin dynasties. The study room where he lived, except for a bed, was full of horizontal and vertical scrolls. He especially cherished material resources, even if he saw pieces of paper, he must pick them up and store them for later use. But he was not good at family management, never saved a single money privately, and was generous and generous, valuing righteousness over wealth, and often drank and enjoyed his interactions with friends, without stinginess; coupled with the fact that he traveled for many years and spent a lot of money, he soon spent all the family business inherited by him and became a poor man. In order to make a living, he had to leave his hometown and go to The Ma family in Deshengkou, Andi County, to become a teacher. The stable and comfortable life here, the rich collection of books, provided very good conditions for his reading and writing. During his coaching period, Liu Zhongyingzhuang was humorous and good at metaphor, and talked long, often making people forget. He invoked his descendants, devoted himself to sincerity, and "gave him a strong teaching" to cultivate many outstanding talents for the Deshengkou Ma family. Among them, the most famous is his proud protégé Ma Zhongxiu (号箸羲), who followed Dr. Sun Yat-sen in advocating the revolution, was elected as a member of parliament in the early years of the Republic of China, and served as an adviser to President Li Yuanhong.
After Liu Zhongying was widowed for fifty years, he never married. In his later years, under the influence of Lao Zhuang's thought, he passively avoided the world, often singing and singing with some "celebrities" and indulging in wine and pleasure. Especially after the Xinhai Revolution, he regarded himself as an old man left behind by the Qing Dynasty, dissatisfied with innovation, and showed a strong feudal and conservative ideology. Around the fifteenth year of the Republic of China (1916), Liu Zhongying resigned and returned to his hometown, ending his career in Deshengkou for more than 20 years. He died in September 1918 at the age of seventy-six. His disciple Ma Zhongxuan wrote "Biography of Mr. Liu Wenjie", which can be found in Ma Hong'ao's "Sangzi Chronicle".
Three
Liu Zhongying was knowledgeable, rigorous in his studies, broad in vision, and devoted his life to writing and writing a lot, which was a leader in the Gyeonggi region at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic.
After investigation, there are a total of 26 kinds of books written and annotated by Liu Zhongying in the National Library, namely: "Sanyutang Jiyue Banknote" in eight volumes, "Sanyu Mancao" in one volume, "Qingzhao Caotang Fu Banknote" in four volumes, "Ten Continents Outside the Epic Draft", "Ten Continents Outside the History of yin manuscript", "Sanyutang Collected Poems", "Shu Youcao", "Weigutang Miscellaneous Notes", "Late Qing Palace Words", "Zhiyi Poems", "Anci County Chronicle" in twelve volumes, "Anci County Zhiyi Wenzhi" in four volumes, "Dacheng County Chronicle" in twelve volumes, "Dacheng County Zhijinshi Zhi" in one volume, "Warring States Policy Discernment" in thirty volumes, Thirty volumes of the Spring and Autumn Classics of Interpretation and Falsification, ten volumes of Zhuangzi Debate, four volumes of The Supplementary Commentaries on Dong Lai Bo Discussion (written by Lü Zuqian and Liu Zhongying), thirty volumes of the Addendum to the Quan Tang Dynasty Poems (Liu Zhongying, Ma Zhongxuan), Thirty Volumes of the Three-Body Song Poems, Seven Poems of Liu Zhuan (Notes on The Seven Poems of Liu Xiyu, Liu Peitang, and Liu Zhongying), 4 volumes of The Trial Posts, Four Volumes of The Two Family Notes (written by Meng Jikun and Liu Zhongying), Selected Poems of the Sleeve Sea Mountain House (compiled by Pan Zhenyi and Liu Zhongying), Liang Hantang Poetry Collection About Banknotes (written by Zhang Quan, Liu Zhongying's Commentary) "Winter Wind Pavilion Poetry Collection" (written by Li Jiupeng and Liu Zhongying commentary) a volume.
Liu Zhongying wrote and compiled a total of twelve kinds of books in his "Xiao Biography", including thirty volumes of the "Three Yutang Collection", thirty volumes of "Zuo Chuan Discernment", ten volumes of "National Policy Discrimination", ten volumes of "Zhuangzi Discernment", twenty volumes of "Du Shi Discernment", twelve volumes of "Dacheng County Chronicle", nineteen volumes of "Ancient Literature and Dictionary Compilation", thirty volumes of "Quan Tang Poetry Supplement", "Dong'an Bo Commentary" four volumes, "Yu Gong Ji Tan" ten volumes, "Seven Family Poetry Notes" fourteen volumes, and "Erjia Fu Banknote" six volumes. Among them, three kinds of national maps do not exist, namely the thirty volumes of the "Three Yutang Collection", the twenty volumes of the "Du Shi Discernment", the nineteen volumes of the "Ancient Literature and Dictionary", the ten volumes of the "Yugong Ji Tan", and the fourteen volumes of the "Seven Family Poetry Notes" are different from the twelve volumes of the "Liu Notes and Seven Poems" stored in the National Map; the "Erjia Fu Banknote" is recorded as six volumes, and the national map book is not marked in the number of volumes; the thirty volumes of "Zuo Chuan Discernment", the "National Policy Discernment" is ten volumes, and the "Zhuangzi Discernment" is a different name for the national map.
Yang Xinyuan's "Chronicles of The Characters of Dacheng" contains Liu Zhongying's other "Notes on Pu ShiZhiyi", and Li Yinggang's article "Late Qing Dynasty Scholar Liu Zhongying and His Works" also records that Liu Zhongying also has two volumes of "Records of Autumn Dreams of The Continuation of Xitang", four volumes of "Supplementary Notes on the Great Dai Li", one volume of "Thirteen Erroneous Publications", forty-nine volumes of "Re-fixing the Essence of Yingkui Law", twenty volumes of "Supplementary Notes on Chen Zhending 46", and four volumes of "Notes on Qingzhao Caotang". These books are difficult to see, estimated or unprinted, or lost.
It can be seen from the above that Liu Zhongying wrote a wide range of works in his lifetime, in addition to a large number of poetic creations, such as "Sanyutang Collective Banknote" and "Sanyu Mancao", as well as "Qingzhao Caotang Fu banknote", the lyrics "Late Qing Palace Words", the poetry "Zhiyi Poetry", the shizhi "Anci County Chronicle", "Dacheng County Chronicle" and so on. In addition, a large number of scriptures that were enshrined as the standard at that time were also corrected, including four subsets of the history of the scriptures. For example, the collection of Tang Dynasty poetry", Quan Tang Poems, was compiled and revised in the forty-second year of Kangxi (1703), composed of ten contemporary Hongru such as Peng Dingqiu, Shen Sanzeng, Yang Zhongne, etc., absorbing the achievements of his predecessors, the whole book has a total of 900 volumes, more than 48,900 poems, more than 2,200 poets, and the poetry of the three hundred years of Tang Dynasty is collected and collected into one compilation, which is widely circulated in society, and Liu Zhongying cooperated with his disciple Ma Zhongxuan to write thirty volumes of "Addendum to Quan Tang Poetry", which has important value and significance for the comprehensive understanding and study of Tang poetry. Other works, such as "Warring States Policy and Criticism", "Spring and Autumn Classics Collection Interpretation and Falsification", "Zhuangzi Debate", "Du Shi Discernment", "Thirteen Classics Publication Error" and other works also have the same value and significance, and should arouse the great attention of the academic community.
Four
Liu Zhongying is an outstanding poet with outstanding achievements. First of all, he has a strong creative power, and the number of poetry creations is beyond the average. The extant eight-volume "Three Yu Tang Collection notes" contains a total of 506 poems. Ma Zhongxiu said in his poem at the end of the collection that the banknote received only one-tenth of Liu Zhongying's total poetry, so the total number of Liu Zhongying's poetry creations should not be less than 5,000. This should not be a false word, Liu Zhongying once indulged in long-distance travels, and there were many works of "Youcao" written along the way, and in the "Sanyutang Collective Banknote", he could only see a small number of works such as "Floating Name" ("Jinghua Youcao"), "Jinmen Xiaowang" ("Jinmen Youcao"), "Lousang Village Huaigu" ("JinyouCao"), "Jinling Huaigu" ("Nanyoucao"), "Sending Xuechen's Fourth Brother Zhong Jun to Taiyuan" ("Yijin Youcao")," and a large number of other poems were not received. Another example is that "Lü Wang's Fishing Chart" has one hundred and twenty poems, "Sanyutang Jiyue Banknote" only records twenty-six poems; "Autumn Huai Poems of Proposed Han Retreat" has eleven poems and only five poems; "Zhiyuan Jianzhai Cousin (弼垚)" has eight poems and only two poems; "Yanqiu Jiu Yong" has nine poems and only four poems, all of which are only a very low selection rate. In addition, the extant volume of "Three Yu ManCao" is also a collection of poems, with about one hundred and sixty poems, which is added up to the works of "Three Yu Tang Collective Notes", and these two episodes alone have more than 720 poems, which is beyond the reach of most literati in that era.
Secondly, Liu Zhongying's poems have a broad vision and a wide range of contents. Reading thousands of books and traveling thousands of miles has always been coveted by literati of ancient and modern times, and is regarded as the only way to become an outstanding writer and produce a legacy. The reason why Han Yu, who "the decline of the Eight Dynasties of Wenqi", has a majestic and magnificent poetic style is related to his special experience of "degrading chaozhou road eight thousand at night"; the reason why Su Shi, the founder of the bold poetry school, has the grandeur of "going to the waves in the east of the river" is not unrelated to his depreciation of Danzhou in Huangzhou. Liu Zhongying's long journey after choosing tribute is not like Han Yu and Su Shi's repeated debasement, but a self-exile and parade away from career and officialdom, although quite similar to Li Bai, but somewhat transcendent. He traveled north from Qingyun, Shandong, through Tianjin to Beijing, then west into Jin, then from Taiyuan to the east to Zhengding and Jinan, and then all the way south, through Qilu into Jiangsu and Zhejiang, into Bashu, and then to Hengyang at the southern end of Hunan. Along the way, he chanted water from the mountains and lyrics of the ancients, and wrote six or seven collections of poems in the series of poems "Youcao" in Jimen Qiuwang, Zhongshan Langu, Huqiu Spring Tour, and Poyang Lake, which became a grand view in the sea of ancient and modern poetry.
Third, sentimentality is sad, profound, and contains the image of the poet's big self. Ma Zhongxuan said at the end of the "Three Yu Tang Collection Notes": "Mr. Holds the talent of the world, the ambition is not extended, but the book is happy, with the rest of the force as poetry, the ancient literary rhetoric chases the beginning, high and the crowd, although the vicissitudes have changed, the country is unforgettable." Yi Qinglian's raccoon flower is the mourning of Mai Xiu's departure, and the sound is sad. I would like to read Mr. Poetry, knowing that there are many people in the poems outside the poems, and there are more things in the poems. Indeed, although Liu Zhongying took "Yu Li" as a poem, and his talent for the world still exists, in the era of social turmoil, he praised those loyal people who served the country, praised the kind of upright and pure personality, lamented the decline of the national fortunes and the hardships of the people, and lamented the dust of the mountains and rivers and the rise of history. This makes his poems have the thickness of the times and the depth of history, so that the poet himself has a great atmosphere. Liu Zhongying said in the "Three Yu Tang Poems About Money Self-Introduction" that his works of worrying times were very poor, and his brother Zhong Jun was afraid of using dangerous words to cause trouble, so he blocked them and did not publish them. In this way, his sentimental nostalgia can now only be seen mainly through the nostalgic poems he has traveled to. He admired the ethereal character of Li Bai, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, and repeatedly inscribed poems such as "Li Taibai Ancestral Hall", "Phoenix Terrace Wine with Huai Li Taibai", "Dengtianmen Mountain Huai Li Bai", "Sitting on the White Lotus Pond and Reading Li Qinglian's Poetry and Plays", in addition to "Gurudwara Jingjie's Ancestral Hall", "Shaoling Ancestral Hall", "Lin Hejing Tomb", "Lin Chushi Tomb", "Title Dongpo You Chibi Tu and Mei Xiaoshu Rhyme", "Su Gongjing Ten Poems Rhyme" and other poems to commemorate Tao Yuanming, Du Fu, Lin Kui, and Su Shi; he admired the reinforced iron bones of Yang Jisheng, the sage of Qifu, and the "Ten Poems of Su Gongjing"; Many poems such as "Yang Zhonggong Ancestral Hall", "Passing through Yang Zhonggong's Former Residence", and "Passing Through Yang Zhong's Cemetery Road" have been expressed in succession, and other similar poems include "Tian Hengdao Huaigu", "Fan Wenzheng Ancestral Hall", "Yue Wang Tomb", "Yue Zhongwu King Ancestral Hall", "Shi Gebu Tomb" and other poems lamenting the lofty integrity of Tian Heng, Fan Zhongyan, Yue Fei, and Shi Kefa. In such a landscape parade and spiritual exploration process, the poet's inner depression and expectation are greatly relaxed, and the magnificent and tall personality image is vividly presented.
Fourth, be good at all kinds of things, and have a variety of styles. Liu Zhongying is good at a variety of poetry styles, taking the "Three Yutang Poems about Money" as an example, in the five hundred and six poems, there are five words and thirty-one poems, sixteen words and nineteen sentences, seven words and sentences 103, five words and one hundred and eleven poems, 57 poems of seven words, 83 poems of seven words, eight poems of five words, and five poems of seven long sentences, including a total of eight styles. There is no shortage of excellent works in each one, such as the five-word "Gusu Qu": "Wu County Tiger Hill East, Shantang Green Water Pass." Flower boats come and go, and incense sends beauty to the wind. "The writing is naturally sparse and swaying. The seven-word poem "Crossing Poyang Lake": "Looking west at Pohu Lake, The situation is divided, and the Hongmeng Yuanqi is still in full swing." The four counties of The flood opened the mirror, and a thousand sails drifted into the clouds. "It is written in a thousand miles and has a lofty rhyme.
In terms of style, Liu Zhongying takes Du and Su as the sect, and has been nourished by Yanzhao culture since childhood, and his poems are filled with a heroic atmosphere of upliftment, generosity and compassion. His "On the Absolute Sentence of Poetry" poured out his poetic pursuits: "Li Du Su Han is wonderful, but it can be transmitted only in the true nature of temperament. The true colors of heroes are like dragons and tigers, and they are also terrifying. One of the "Five Songs of the Mountain Residence Veteran" is more directly described: "Lingyun is high and the stars are bright, and the day is uneven." Drunken eagle bow shoots the tiger, a thunderbolt of ten thousand mountains shock." The image of a veteran with a strong temperament jumped on the paper. Influenced by the poetry immortal Li Bai, Liu Zhongying's poems also have the characteristics of thinking about the outside world and grandeur. For example, in "Fragrant Burner Peak Waterfall", it is written: "Look at the top of the furnace peak, sit and watch the double waterfall wash the autumn." The jade dragon flew in the mountain wind, rolling upside down in the Galactic Sky stream. In the "Four Songs of Youpan Mountain" (Record 1), it is sung: "Flying through the clouds and mountains, stepping through three plates without being afraid of labor." The Nether Cup floats in the East Sea is small, and the upper temple is connected to the North Star High. The spring sings the clear mind, and the pine inserts a thousand peaks as feathers. Zhenguan was once Liangjia and sat on Panshi to think heroically. In addition, his poems are naturally fresh and smooth, such as "Four Hours fisherman's music": "Last night the breeze entered the law, and the sand head and ice jumped red scales." Hanging rod small test silk hand, fishing up the Yangtze River Wanli Spring. "Pin Xia Ten Cool Words (and the first great father rhyme)" wrote: "In June, the West Lake clouds are golden, and the lotus flowers are scattered in the sky." There is no heat on the cold spring platform, and you meet to take a cool night. "The list goes on and on.
In general, although Liu Zhongying was born in Xiaoyi, Gyeonggi, he traveled throughout most of China; although his roots were firmly rooted in the fertile soil of Yanzhao, he was also stained with the mountains and waters of Jiangnan; although he was only a folk school teacher, he had a deep sense of home and country, profound knowledge and extraordinary poetry. Therefore, from any point of view, he will not be ignored by our literary history, and he will certainly be constantly recalled.
(Originally published in the 5th edition of Langfang Daily on January 6, 2022, with a change in title.) ）
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