Lalin is one of the earliest developed areas in Heilongjiang Province, and Lalin's Yamen was once a vice-capital system, which governed a large area such as Wuchang, Acheng, and Harbin. However, the deputy capital of Larin was later abolished, and the larin area came under the jurisdiction of the deputy capital of Al chukha. So how was the Vice-Capital of Larin established? How long has it been around? How many people have served as deputy governors here? How was it revoked? These problems are not very comprehensively recorded in the Wuchang County Chronicle. A few years ago, I was also entrusted by the leaders of the Five Standing Municipal Committees to consult these histories, and I also specially opened a letter of introduction to the Chinese Historical Archives for consultation, but the reply given by the Chinese Historical Archives was that the local archives related to the Qing Dynasty had been handed over to the provinces. Since then, subject to conditions, no access has been undertaken. A few days ago, by chance, my friend recommended to me an article by Dr. Dergir Rihu published in the "Manchu Studies", this article is mainly from the perspective of Manchu archives translation and interpretation, introducing the relevant archives of the Larin vice-capital, from this article, you can slowly sort out the general context of the larin vice-capital from its establishment to its abolition, and the following will introduce to you the relevant situation about the establishment and revocation of the larin vice-capital according to Dr. Dergirihu's article:
In the twenty-third year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1683), in order to prevent Luocha (Russia) from invading Heilongjiang, the Qing government set up an official warehouse for storing military grain in Lalin, so it was called Lalincang. During the Qianlong period, in order to solve the problem of the livelihood of the Eight Banners of the Beijing Division, the Qing government decided to relocate the idle bannermen of the Beijing Division to Lalin and Al chuka. From the seventh to the ninth year of Qianlong (1742-1744), in order to prepare for the emigration of the Jingqi to Lalin, the Qing government hastily established the Lalin deputy capital organization and appointed Baling'a as the first deputy capital (Wuchang County Records recorded that Balpin was the first deputy capital). It was not until the ninth year of Qianlong (1744), before the arrival of the first batch of Jingqi personnel who moved to Lalin, that it was confirmed that the deputy capital of Lalin was officially established, with the name of Lalin Al chuka deputy capital, and began to build a government office, using the official seal. However, the number of acres of wasteland that should be reclaimed that year and the houses built for the Jingqi immigrants could not be completed according to the original planned time, and by August of the ninth year of Qianlong, 750 households of the Jingqi immigrants who had moved from Beijing to Lalin settled in Lalin, and the next year, that is, in the Qianlong Decade, another 250 households settled in Lalin. As these 1,000 immigrant families moved into the Lalin area, the 1,000 households were divided into 8 according to their banners, with 2 tuns per banner and 1 tun in each tun. Due to the late establishment of the deputy capital of Larin, and sitting in the palm seal of Larin, commonly known as the deputy capital of Larin, it administers the left wing of Larin and the right wing of Al chuka. After the establishment of the deputy capital organization, the guard of the warehouse, yamen and the staff of the office entourage needed no less than 100 people, at that time the imperial court did not increase the staffing, so the shortage of soldiers in the town guard Lalin, with the acceleration of the pace of immigration in the Beijing Banner, the lack of management personnel became increasingly serious, so in the Qianlong Decade (1745), through the approval of the imperial court, 50% of the personnel from the former court officials in Alchukha were sent to Lalin to work, including 1 member of the original assistant leader, 4 members each of the collar and the horse riding school, defense, 1 member of the pen-and-post type. At the same time, some of the original soldiers of Alchuk were also transferred to the deputy capital of Larin to take charge of the post of town guard. Because the distance between Larin and Al chuka is tens of kilometers, the soldiers need to travel back and forth between the two places frequently, so the work is more arduous.
From the 21st year of Qianlong to the 24th year of Qianlong (1756-1759), 2,000 idle households were transferred from Beijing to lalin and Al chuka areas, and unlike the first reclamation, the places of reclamation during this period were not only in the Lalin area, but also moved to Lalin and Al chuka respectively, with a total of 3,000 households in the Beijing reclamation, and the specific distribution was 1,500 households in the Lalin and Al chuka areas. In this way, the Al chuka region has suddenly increased from no Beijing flag immigrants to 1500 households. In order to better manage these Jingqi immigrants, in the twenty-first year of Qianlong (1756), 1 deputy commissioner was added to the Al chuka region, 2 more to the summer committee, and 5 people each from the summer riding school and the false title riding school. As a result, 1 member of Vice President Larin Al chuka became 2 members of vice president Larin Al chukha, which began the period of the coexistence of the two vice capitals of Larin and Al chuka. Although it is juxtaposed, it is still co-located. With the increase in immigration in the Larin and Al chuka areas, various criminal cases in the two places also increased, but the two places only had more than 800 troops at that time, and it was really difficult to maintain local security and order, so Guo Duohuan, who was then the deputy governor of Lalin, played a song to the imperial court: "Ningguta, Boduna, and the three surnames of the deputy capitals set up two divisions on the left and right, which were awarded to the guanfang, and the flag officials were selected to be separated from the directors. Larin's deputy governor did not have a division. If there is no division and still the remittance is handled in one place, it is inevitable that there will be no omissions and delays in handling various grains, human lives, theft, etc. I ask the deputy governor of Lalin to set up two divisions in accordance with Ningguta and other places, and award them to Guanfang...". In May of the twenty-fifth year of Qianlong (1760), the imperial court approved Guo Duohuan's recital, and also set up two divisions for the left and right divisions of the deputy capital of Lalin, and awarded them to the division Guanfang. In this way, since the establishment of the vice-capital of Larin, the first establishment has been expanded.
The juxtaposition of the two vice-capitals of Lalin and Al-Chuka makes the management of things in the two places more convenient, but in practice it also exposes many drawbacks, such as the two "stationed in charge, a hundred miles apart, a cultural transfer chamber of commerce, many inconveniences", and there is only one official seal between the two places, in larin's management, the files of personnel are also managed here, if you encounter two vice-governors who are in charge of summer affairs, you need to go back and forth many times, and it is very inconvenient to work. To this end, in the twenty-sixth year of Qianlong (1761), the two deputy capitals of Lalin and Alchuka were officially added to the two vice-capitals of Lalin and Alchuka, and the deputy capitals of the two places were managed according to the left and right wings, and unified the standards, each with 1 assistant leader, 1 deputy assistant leader, 8 auxiliary leaders, and 406 garrisons, and 4 larin pen-style 4 to Al chuka, and from then on, the two vice-capitals of Lalin and Al chuka entered the stage of complete parallelism.
In the thirty-fourth year of Qianlong (1769), because there were no new Jingqi immigrants in the Lalin area, the imperial court abolished the Lalin deputy capital on the grounds that 1 member of the deputy capital of Al chukha was enough to also administer Lalin, and proposed to choose a sage to assist in stationing in Lalin, and the deputy capital of Al chukha was also in charge. Larin's last deputy governor, Tekeshen, was given the post of General of Guangzhou. The following is the revocation of the revocation of the deputy capital of Larin and the reply:
report. The slave Fu Liang played respectfully. For the sake of the will. Slave Cai Chade: On the twenty-seventh day of the first month of this year, the military department's message was opened: Qianlong thirty-fourth year of the first month of the seventeenth year, the edict: Increase the sea, and transfer the general of Fuzhou. The generals in Guangzhou were short of personnel, and they were given special supplementary teachings. Al chukha had a deputy capital and was able to administer the larin region at the same time. The deputy capital of Larin was dismissed, and a virtuous assistant leader was selected to be stationed in the office, and the deputy capital was also in charge. Thanks. Obey, come. This has been written in the vice-capital of Al chukha: how to deal with the matters handled by the larin region should be eliminated, consider its benefits, decide and send it, and so on. The slave arrived at the post and obeyed the order: the matter of selecting a member of the local sage assistant of Larin to be stationed, and having previously played the request for the purpose, the slave handled the internal affairs of the post, issued the official participation ticket, and did not have much trouble, and immediately went to check the larin and Al chuka places in his spare time. Subsequently, the deputy capital of Al chukha came to Jilin Ula and agreed with the slaves: to cut off the deputy capital of Lalin. All items such as human life, thieves, silver in the warehouse, and the booklet of the clerks should be moved to the Al chukha yamen for handling. The taxes on horses and cattle, the grain paid by the men of Guanzhuang, and the cattle and grains of the soldiers' laborers were handed over to the larin assistants as usual, and reported to yamen Chaming, the deputy governor of Al chukha. Previously, there were very few things to do in larin, and there were many official affairs in The Al chuka region. Since the original official affairs of larin place needed to use paper, pen and ink silver within ninety-two, still considering its chores to be fully used, leaving twenty-two silver to use, and the remaining seventy-two silver, moved to the deputy capital of Al Chukha to increase the use of yamen. The house of the vice-capital of the cut was left as a room for the co-leaders to gather. Cut the second wing division. Discount the housing of the vice-capital and fill in the original item. Larin and Alchuk, each with eight flags and nine collars, cut this duplicate two collars, so that each place is eight flags and eight collars, so that it matches the color of the flag. The repeated ersa leaders of this reduction were incorporated into the Eight Banners of the Eight Banners of each local area. The Larin area is governed by a co-leader, so the layoff of one member of the Lalin Commission, one member of the Commission, one member of the Commission, one member of the Committee Ofechaka Commission, one member of the Al chuka Committee, and one member of the Commission's Horse Riding School, all of them are on their own jobs. There were few officials left behind in the local government of Al chuka, and four members of the Rank of Lieutenant Zhang Jing and two members of the Peiyin Pen Style were moved to Al Chukha Dangcha together. Zuo Ling, Xiao Riding School, etc. stayed as usual, training soldiers and supervising the twenty-four tuns stationed in Manchuria. Warehouse officials and warehouse pens also stayed to handle warehouse affairs. The letter of the deputy capital of Lalin, who should now be dismissed, the guanfang of the committee and the assistant leader of the committee, the lingji of the commission, and the guanfang of the two divisions, were all returned to the ministry. It is still necessary to replace the letter printed by the deputy capitals of Lalin, Alchuk, and other places, and the documents governing the eight flags of larin and the local assistant leaders of the customs defense. When exchanged, the old seal letter and customs defense are also sent to the ministry. The slaves also found that there was spare silver in the places of Jilin Ula, Ninguta, Boduna, Larin, and Al chukha, but there was no spare silver in the three surnames. At present, the deputy capital of Lalin is laid off, and all matters that should be handled are handled in detail by the deputy governor of Al chukha, and there is a reserve silver of 5,000 taels in the al chuka area. The slave asked to move the 5,000 taels of silver in the local reserve of Larin to the place of the third surname for backup. It seems beneficial to do so. Pray for the Divine Wisdom, wait for the decree, and obey it. For that reason. Please. Qianlong 34 April 22
Zhu Pi, Feng Zhi: The Minister of Military Aircraft and other deliberators. Thanks.
The 9th of April
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Judging from the above folds and approvals, after the abolition of the deputy capital of Lalin, its rank changed from deputy capital to assistant, and the main administrative functions and business were also transferred to the side of the deputy capital of Al chuka, at the same time, the relevant staff of the former deputy capital of Larin were also transferred from Larin to Al Chukha, and its functions were greatly weakened.
Thank you Teacher Guowei for your contribution to your hometown!