The Longqing Emperor, also known as Emperor Muzong of Ming, was originally named Zhu Zaiyuan, the twelfth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his father was the famous Daoist Emperor Jiajing. The Ming Dynasty, through his father's Jiajing dynasty, had already accumulated deep shortcomings when it reached his hands: although the power traitor Yan Song's party had fallen at the end of Jiajing, Wukou was almost swept away by Qi Jiguang. However, because the fall of Yan Song's father and son was still short, the Yan Party was not completely purged; the fundamental problems of the Wokou were not solved, and they were still raging; and the Mongols often invaded the northern border.
It was in this situation of internal and external troubles that the Longqing Emperor ascended to the throne of the supreme power of Daming!
After he ascended to the throne of supreme power of Daming, because of this situation, he had to rely more on courtiers to govern the country because of this situation, which was not obvious in his own talent! Typical examples such as Xu Jie, Gao Jue, and Zhang Juzheng also directly led to the collapse of cabinet power that continued the jiajing dynasty of his father! Fortunately, this kind of power tilting is relatively benign, and there is no Jiajing dynasty like Xia Yan who beheaded and abandoned the market. With the assistance of these several noble ministers, the Longqing Dynasty also created a prosperous era of Heqing Haiyan to his son Wanli.
Figure 1, Zhu Zaiyuan, Emperor of Longqing
Next, let's take a look at some of the political measures formulated by the Longqing Emperor with the assistance of several noble ministers, and their impact on the society at that time!
Longqing switch
Speaking of the big events of the Longqing period, the switch has to mention that this political measure, which was mainly aimed at the economic aspect, affected the economy after the Ming Dynasty until about seventy years after its demise! It was implemented in the first year of Longqing, because The Inspector of Fujian, Tu Zemin, wrote: "Please open the market, easy smugglers to become public vendors", at the same time, the Longqing Emperor himself also realized: "The city general rule is turned into a merchant, and the city ban is changed to a Kou", so he ordered the lifting of the sea ban, the overseas trade of private merchants was legalized, and since then the private overseas trade has never been more active, China's tea and silk are sold far away from the east and the west, which has vigorously promoted the development of the private economy, so that the private sea trade gradually replaced the official tribute trade!
In the context of the popularity of domestic common commodities such as silk and tea overseas, because people's profit-seeking ideas have also indirectly promoted the vigorous development of other related industries such as tea industry, silk weaving industry, shipbuilding industry, cotton textile industry, etc., and a large number of corresponding handicraft workshops have also appeared in the private sector. A large number of hand workers have appeared in Suzhou and Hangzhou and the two capitals of the north and south, making them the earliest citizen class, thus affecting all aspects of society! The private sector has accumulated a large amount of capital by relying on overseas trade. According to conservative statistics, in the seventy years from the longqing switch to the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the silver flowing into the Ming Dynasty from overseas reached 330 million taels, laying the foundation for the embryonic capitalism of the Wanli period and Zhang Juzheng's later fiscal reforms.
At the same time, it also fulfilled the prophecy of the Longqing Emperor - the city of Tongze Kou turned into a businessman! Because after the opening of the sea ban, the Wokou gradually became extinct, completely solving the Southern Wu that had been a scourge in the middle of the Ming Dynasty for decades.
Zhou Qiyuan, one of the Seven Gentlemen of Ming Donglin, also said:
"When I was in the Temple of Mu (MuZong), I removed the law of selling yi. So the Five Directions of Jia, Xi Xi Shui Guo, Qiao Gang, divided into east and west roads (East and West Ocean), which are bundled with treasures, so foreign objects are not enough, and the money traded, the years are not worried about hundreds of thousands, public and private depends on each other."
It shows that after the Longqing switch in the Muzong period: the prosperity of private sea trade and the development of the commodity economy have reached a new height, so later people will compare the Longqing switch with Zheng He in the Yongle period!
Figure 2, the sea ship after the Longqing switch is grand
In the Longqing Dynasty, there was another major event that was comparable to the Longqing switch, that is, the tribute of the Li Dynasty.
I replied to the tribute
After Longqing's five-year xu jiezhi, under the planning of Gao Jue and Zhang Juzheng: the grandson of Li Da surrendered Han Naji to the Ming Dynasty because of the conflict with the Li Da family, and Gao Jue and Zhang Ju were sniffing out political opportunities in it and treating him kindly. And he used him as a chip to finally reach a major political event with Li Da to pay tribute to each other, and afterwards Li Da was crowned as the King of Shunyi by the Ming Dynasty, which completely resolved the situation of the two-hundred-year confrontation between Daming and Mongolia!
After that, the two sides exchanged friendships, and there was no major war in the past hundred years!
History of The Ming Dynasty. The Muzong Benji also records the details of this incident:
He was ugly, and he was crowned king of Shunyi. Jia Yin, the king of Shunyi, replied to gongma and told the temple to be congratulated. Thirteen members of the Zhao Quanyu Party came to offer. Autumn and August, Xuhe Loop Mutual Market. In September, the three towns of Gongshi became.
Figure 3, Li DaFeng Tribute
At the same time, during the reign of Emperor Muzong, the famous minister Gao Jue was reused, and Gao Jue knew people and was good at duty, in addition to these two major events, there were many political measures to ensure the stability of the people's lives and promote social development. For example, when water conservancy expert Pan Ji was used to tame the water, the Yellow River was no longer in serious trouble; Yin Zhengmao, who was then the envoy of Jiangxi, was used as the imperial history of the capital of Youdu, patrolling Guangxi to suppress rebellion and maintain the reunification of the motherland; and then using the border of Wang Chong's ancient town to indirectly promote the tribute of Li Da and ensure the stability of the frontier!
Therefore, although the Longqing Emperor himself was not talented enough, he was very self-aware and could know people and do good deeds; although his life style was criticized, he had a gentle personality and treated the group of ministers well, making the group ministers loyal to their duties! With the assistance of Gao Jue and Zhang Juzheng, he suddenly solved the biggest border problem in the middle of the Ming Dynasty - the Southern Wubei Raiders. At the same time, it laid the foundation for the budding of capitalism in the Wanli period and a series of reforms by Zhang Juzheng, opening up the end of the Great Reform.
It can be said that in the short six years of his reign, the shortcomings of the late Sajiajing period and even the two hundred years of the Ming Dynasty, the end of the Great Reform of Kailong. This makes the frontier stable, the economy developed, and the people's lives stable and prosperous! All of these are of great significance for the study of that period of historical material today! Because almost no dynasty has such a situation in the two hundred years since the founding of the country!
History of The Ming Dynasty. The Muzong Benji also affirms his exploits:
At the beginning of Muzong's reign, he succeeded in keeping the text, encouraging the government, promoting the advantages and eliminating the disadvantages, using the talents and using the energy, arching the widow's camp, bending the line of frugality, giving the province punishment, zepi the people, calling out gratitude to the government and the opposition, and sincerely ordering the Lord to do the same. He also promised to pay tribute and mutual markets, extinguish the beacon of northern Xinjiang for a hundred years, and tranquilize the frontier, and his contribution was great!
Many people regard Muzong's private life as a reason to attack, and I think it is more important to look at the dedication to the time and the impact on future generations! The Longqing Emperor almost did it. Although he gave power to his subordinates, he did not form a situation in which his subordinates had monopoly and blinded the holy hearers, so it is more appropriate for many people to say that they do nothing and that they have the practical arch to rule!
No one is perfect, politicians are not good or bad, we need to consider them all and analyze them comprehensively! Try not to have personal feelings, and don't deny his good side because of a certain aspect! In addition to Emperor Muzong, many historical figures are also a contradiction, such as Su Dongpo, who wrote "ten years of life and death are vague, not thinking about it, and unforgettable"; Li Sheng, who wrote "no idle land in the four seas, and the farmers are starving to death", became a giant greed in the later period; Wang Jingwei, who wrote "leading the knife into a fast, not living up to the head of the teenager", became a traitor in the later period. A leaf is blind, it is difficult to see Tarzan.
The above is only a family's words, if there is an error, I hope you will point out in time, the copyright is still owned by the sun and the moon millennium, please indicate the source when reprinting!
References to the Ming Dynasty. Muzong Benji".