Opening remarks
On July 25, 2021, "Quanzhou: The World Maritime Trade Center of Song and Yuan China" was successfully inscribed on the World Heritage List, becoming the 56th World Heritage Site in China and the 5th World Heritage Site in Fujian.
The success of the "heritage application" has once again made Quanzhou the focus of the world's attention, and people have come to find the "largest port in the East" that "is the merchants of all countries in the rising sea"; to find the new cultural coordinates on the map of modern World Heritage.
This is a new starting point, is a new opportunity, for this reason "the most minnan" launched a column: "Visiting Haisi Quanzhou Pin Song and Yuan China", through in-depth interviews in Daquanzhou, digging deep into the folk customs, folk customs, celebrity history related to the Song and Yuan civilization and Hai Silk culture, etc., to better show the charm of Quanzhou's Song and Yuan and Hai Silk culture to the world.
■ Execution of this issue: Lai Xiaoling Zhang Bo Correspondent Guo Keke Wang is in favor
Tea fragrance Rhymes reminiscence of the Song Dynasty and The Yuan Dynasty of Pin Quanzhou
Put on Song and Yuan costumes and experience tea culture in an immersive way in the tea space.
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Quanzhou Port, as the largest port in the East, developed foreign trade, and merchant ships set sail from Quanzhou, carrying ceramics, tea and other commodities to overseas trade. The great navigation era of "using the boat as the car and the horse as the horse" was once the glorious memory of Quanzhou.
As an important transit station for the export of Fujian tea in the Song Dynasty, Quanzhou's Shiting green tea, Qingyuan mountain tea, Tieguanyin tea and northern Fujian's oolong tea and black tea were all concentrated in Quanzhou Port for loading ships and then shipped to all over the world. The fragrance of tea wafts to all over the world with the voyages of ships.
In this issue of southern Fujian, the reporter takes you from the Song and Yuan stone carvings in the landscape of Quanzhou, the classic works of the Song and Yuan poets in Quanzhou, and the Song and Yuan cultural creations integrated into the modern tea room, to understand the Song and Yuan tea culture in Quanzhou and experience the beautiful melody it plays in the long river of history...
In the Stone Buddha Pavilion of Jiuri Mountain, in the Song Dynasty, there were often literati and poets, dignitaries and monks here to brew tea and taste Zen, taste tea and discuss the Tao.
Stone carvings in the mountains
Witness the history of tea in Quanzhou
Some famous mountains in Quanzhou have Song and Yuan stone carvings, reflecting the quality of tea and tea culture in Quanzhou at that time.
Jiuri Mountain, which has the reputation of "no stone in the mountain and no inscription", is located near the town of Gufengzhou, facing jinxi in the Jinjiang River. It is famous for its many charming scenery such as "rippling streams, peaks, Oyan Mingxiu, hidden as a district" and so on.
Nine-day Shandong Peak Tea Ceremony Stone Carving
Nine days of Shanxi Peak tea ceremony stone carving
During the Yuanfeng period of the Northern Song Dynasty, Chen Yangquan, who served as the Taishou of Quanzhou for the second time, set up a municipal shipping department, and praying for the wind and sending the ship began at this time. At that time, ships to and from Quanzhou had to rely on the monsoon to push, follow the southeast wind in spring and summer, and go northwest in autumn.
According to records, tea drinking is also an indispensable activity after praying for the wind. For example, on the east peak of Jiuri Mountain, on the right side of the Bodhisattva Spring, a stone carving of the "Reconstruction of the Three Sages Ancestral Hall" records the southern Song Dynasty Chun Yu Nonzi (1252) Summer and May, after the completion of the reconstruction of the Three Sages Ancestral Hall in Nanyi, officials and gentry drank tea at the Stone Buddha Rock. The inscription "Sipping Tea" is still relatively clear. And above the Cai Xiang inscription stone carving on the peak of the Ninth Day Shanxi, there is also a Song Dynasty stone carving, the year is March of the sixth year of Baoyou, which also records the content of tea drinking.
Borrowing the sentence "Autumn Meaning West Mountain", we can say "Tea Meaning Asahi Mountain". According to the relevant personnel of the Quanzhou Tea Culture Research Association, the Zhongyuan shizi of the Jin Dynasty avoided chaos and entered Fujian, crossed the south with a crown, and lived along the Jin River. Zhong Lingyuxiu's Nine Days Mountain is next to the ancient capital city of Fengzhou, attracting many literati and inkers to come to play and drink tea. Over time, a unique tea culture atmosphere has been formed here. At that time, in the stone Buddha pavilion or some of the staircase habitats of the Nine Days Mountain, there were often literati poets, dignitaries or monks, who brewed tea and tasted Zen here, and tasted tea on the Tao.
Lotus Peak is engraved with the words "Rock Crack Tea Fragrance" in the tea stone carving
Lotus Peak "Song Fu Religious Tour, Lotus Tea Nostalgia" Tea Stone Carving
Also in the Lotus Peak in Fengzhou, there are also several Song Dynasty tea stone carvings. Relevant materials such as "Min Cha Shu" and "Long Talk Fujian Tea Culture" have been recorded, such as the fourth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1011), quanzhou County Shou Gao Huilian inscription "Rock Crack Tea Fragrance". "Rock Crack Tea" is a rock tea of Lotus Peak Real Estate, first published in the Northern Song Dynasty. Because tea grows in stone crevices, it is called "rock crack tea". After the Southern Song Dynasty, the local monks carefully roasted it and became a historical tea; the Southern Song Dynasty Chun XiJian Longtu scholar Fu Religious Mentioned "Song Fu Religious Tour, Lotus Tea Huaigu"; the Song Emperor Zhao Shi Geng in the Seventh Year of Chun You (1247) mentioned the "Dou Cha and Return" stone carvings found in the east of the Lotus Stone, reflecting the prevalence of the Quanzhou Dou Tea Style in the Song Dynasty.
The history of tea culture in Qingyuan Mountain also has a long history. In the "Naturalist Chronicle" written by Zhang Hua in the Jin Dynasty, it is recorded that "drinking real tea makes people sleep less." In the Tang Dynasty, Qingyuan Tea accompanied Shi Daokun to retreat in the Guiyan Cave as a "Zen zen product with a bitter mouth and a pure heart". In the book "Fengshi Seeing and Hearing" that was sealed by the Tang Dynasty, it is recorded that "shanyan learns Zen and eats tea soup". After Guiyan, because Ouyang Zhan's scholar Xu Ji also "ascended the first" after him, he was given the title of "Gift of Grace Rock" by the emperor and built a temple.
By the Song Dynasty, Qingyuan camellia shined. In this regard, Cai Xiang, the author of "Tea Record", is indispensable. It is said that during Cai Xiang's tenure as the prefect of Quanzhou, he instructed local monks and monks and village liao tea farmers to improve Qingyuan camellia from variety updates to picking and production techniques, and the reputation of Qingyuan tea gradually spread. Cai Xiang once said, "Although Qingyuan Mountain is not high and the valley is not deep, it is a good soil for growing tea all year round, steaming xiawei and moistening the soil." Today, on the side of Qingyuan Cave on Qingyuan Mountain, there is still an inscription of the thirty-sixth year of the Ming Wanli Calendar (1608). It is a "Jide Monument" that the shou monk Yamato has the support of the government and strictly prohibits tourists from picking tea.
From the description and interpretation of the tea carvings of Jiuri Mountain, Lotus Peak and Qingyuan Mountain, we can glimpse the history of tea production and rich tea culture in Quanzhou during the Song and Yuan dynasties.
In the ancient houses and tea houses in the streets and alleys of Quanzhou, people are often seen picking tea leaves.
Quanzhou people, no tea is not happy.
Poet of Quanzhou in the Song and Yuan Dynasties
Chant tea poems praise spring tea
The works of Quanzhou poets also record the history of tea production in Qingyuan Mountain in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and present the prosperity of drinking Quanzhou tea at that time from a delicate place.
During the Song and Yuan dynasties, the Quanzhou poet Pu Shousheng was knowledgeable and proficient in poetry. He has a very good understanding of Chinese tea culture, and his knowledge of tea culture is extremely rich. In Pu Shousheng's poems, there is no shortage of elegant tea poems, such as his classic verse: boiling tea and returning early with guests, more mountain roads before sunset.
Tea scholar Lu Yu summed up the experience of boiling tea in the "Five Boiling" of the Tea Classic, pointing out: "Its water is used on the mountain water, in the river water, and under the well water. Its landscapes, milk springs, stone ponds on the flowers. And Quanzhou loves tea everyone knows that Qingyuan Mountain's "Tiger Milk Spring" is sweet like milk, clear and clear, with its tea, unique aroma, refreshing spleen.
Pu ShouSheng's poem "Climbing the North Mountain True Martial Temple Test Spring" praising the spring water is extremely praised for Qingyuanquan and Qingyuan tea. He wrote: "Mo kwayang is envious, at the top of the other mountain. Mo Kwah Hui Mountain Slip, try this mountain spring. Not born Lu Hongzhi, thirsty to die Lu Yuchuan. And in the common spring wind, do not fight before the rain. The tongue of the bird is the most tender and weak ear plant, and the jia tree is like a needle..." The gist of the poem is: Don't praise the good tea leaves of Yang Envy, although it is far away from the peak of the mountain over there; don't boast that the spring water of Huishan Is clear, try the tiger milk spring of Qingyuan Mountain... North Mountain is the famous mountain qingyuan mountain in Quanzhou. Pu Shousheng also wrote two poems, "West Rock" and "About Zhao Wei Shun Bei Shan Test Spring", both of which are poems describing tea tasting in Qingyuan Mountain.
According to the Quanzhou Fuzhi Shan Chuan, the original poem carving of The Fashi (Yunlu) Mountain (now no longer exists): Qingxia Daoist is old and toothless, and Panasonic Sencha hands are self-divided. At night, the mountain and the moon valley returned to the white deer into the deep clouds. The poem mentions the popular art of tea distribution in the Song Dynasty, in view of the fact that Pu Shousheng has lived in the Fashi (Yunlu) villa for a long time, is happy to travel in the mountains and rivers, talks with the monk Qingxiu, and is good at tasting tea poetry, so it is said that this poem was composed by Pu Shousheng.
Create a Song and Yuan aesthetic tea space
Creative works
Create cultural spirit and cultural self-confidence
Quanzhou Song and Yuan tea culture has a long history and has been continuing, it embodies a kind of precipitation, a kind of infiltration, a kind of inheritance. Nowadays, in Quanzhou's ancient courtyards, rural courtyards and even the tea spaces in the city, tea lovers can be seen everywhere, they brew tea and taste the mood.
Today's young people are also embracing tea culture and creating an immersive Song and Yuan cultural experience space.
Night falls, and the lights come on. A tea room on Tian'an Road in the downtown area attracts passers-by to stop.
Through the floor-to-ceiling glass windows, you can see two illustrations of different themes painted on the curtains - "Haisi Yanfang" and "Dunhuang Travel". These two illustrations have the essence of Song aesthetics. Under the dimming of the lights in the tea room space, it is particularly elegant and exquisite, which makes people feel like a dream.
This is a fusion and innovation for tea lovers. Last year, Huang Sihong of Quanzhou Yi Tea Industry Company and Lin Nahui, the designer of cultural and creative creation, hit it off, starting from a cultural point of view, taking Haisi as the background, integrating into Quanzhou culture, and using the Song-style aesthetic style to create a new tea space.
Haisi Tea Road Road Map, Song Dynasty Luoyang Bridge Life Scene Painting, Quanzhou Historical Celebrity Portrait, Nanyin Nan opera performance map... Being in the tea space on the second floor is like embarking on a wonderful artistic journey, and these paintings, whether designed or printed, are infused with the author's spirit of craftsmanship.
"The paintings that reflect quanzhou culture run through the entire tea space, allowing you to enjoy the wonderful Quanzhou culture and art while tasting tea." Lin Nahui said that this is the original intention of the designer.
This year, Huang Sihong and Lin Nahui continued the Song-style aesthetic style on the second floor to create a tea space on the first floor, which is also eye-catching. As soon as you enter the door, the left side is a long corridor, the end of the corridor is the staircase, and the ladder is the tea space on the second floor; the right wall of the corridor is a long picture composed of four scenes, with the exquisite life aesthetics of the Song people as the display element, with the Song Dynasty Quanzhou as the background, showing the life, culture and urban style of Quanzhou in the Song Dynasty, showing the confident and calm spirit of Quanzhou to the world, so that the space becomes a container for carrying culture, and constructs the intuitive perception and memory of Quanzhou by different groups of people. From a distance, it looks like a Quanzhou version of the "Qingming River Map".
"It can be said that this is a condensed version of the 'Ancient City of Thorn Tong', and when outsiders walk into here, they can understand Quanzhou at once, fall in love with Quanzhou, and have the desire to visit in depth." Illustrator Wei Donglong said.
The younger generation is tasting tea culture through on-site diversified experiences, showing the cultural spirit and cultural self-confidence of the Chinese nation.