Many friends know that Konoe Fumimaro was a Japanese "war criminal" in World War II. The reason why he is in quotation marks is because he has not been tried by the court, not statutory, but an inevitable war criminal in people's minds.
After Japan's surrender, Konoe Fumimaro still held out some hopes, feeling that if he ruled the country for many years, the Allies would have to rely on him. Indeed, at the beginning of his entry into Japan, the Allied General Command told him to do a lot of things, but as the situation settled, the trial of war criminals was put on the agenda, and Konoe Fumimaro heard the wind and was put on trial, so he committed suicide by poisoning on December 16, 1945.
(Konoe Fumimaro)
His story is just the introduction to today, time back to 86 years ago, we tell the story of his grandfather who was forced to commit suicide but resolutely did not die.
By 1859, Japan was in turmoil.
Six years ago, U.S. Rear Admiral Matthew Perry led a warship to knock on Japan, vowing to open the door to a country that had opened only a small line between the Qing Dynasty and the Netherlands. The Tokugawa shogunate was in a state of panic, and Perry promised to come back next year.
In 1854, Perry arrived as promised, and the miracle did not happen. The shogunate was forced to break its promise and sign a treaty of friendship with the United States. Later, similar treaties were signed with britain, France, Russia and other powers.
The middle-aged and elderly people of the people's hot-blooded youth, the anger of the crowd, and the sound of the rebellion, gradually mixed with the meaning of the curtain falling, formed a torrent, rushing left and right, as if to sway the direction of Japan.
More crucially, the Emperor, who had been suppressed by the samurai for millennia and forced to stay out of the course of Japanese history, was also angry.
Emperor Xiaoming issued several decrees, demanding that yi be destroyed.
His holy will was either rejected or ignored by the shogunate.
So he wrote an open letter, saying—
Forget it, my brother didn't want to be the emperor, but my father died suddenly, and when I understood, I had been carried to the arch to the throne. I really don't want to be. The current situation makes me feel even more that I can't do it, I can't do it, I can't do it - men can't say no? Non--I can't do it, I don't have the ability of the emperor, I don't want to do it, I give up my seat to the young Yumiya... I really don't want to be a treasurer for my own comfort, I just can't...
Although he repeatedly announced his abdication, he gave up the idea under the persuasion of his ministers.
The left minister, Konoe Tadashi, was naturally among the others who advised him.
This year, Chung-hee was 51 years old.
The Konoe family is extremely high, second only to the Heavenly Royal Family, but his grandfather and father both died early, failed to sit on the high position of Sekibai, and did not taste the power of regency, and the family put their hopes on Konoe Zhongxi.
He was appointed an official at the age of 8, and only became a left minister at the age of 50, a position that was a step away from Guan Bai - although, under the real power of the shogunate, the imperial court Guan Bai was an honorary title, but everyone was fighting for it.
However, the development of the situation not only did not make him a low-hanging fruit, but because of the tension between the imperial court and the shogunate, he became a victim of the Anzheng Prison.
Ansei Daigaku was initiated in 1858 by the shogunate's daimyō I naohiro.
(Stills of Naohiro I)
There are two purposes.
First, crack down on short-sighted people who claim to remain closed to the outside world and clear the way for the founding of the country.
Second, he attacked the enemy Ichibashi faction in the selection of the shogun's successor, so that Tokugawa Keifuku, who was supported by the Nanki faction, could take over the post of Shogun after the death of the childless Tokugawa Ieyasu.
It can be said that in the short term, his purpose was achieved, and Qingfu ascended to the throne, changed his name to Jiamao, and became the fourteenth generation of generals.
Yoshida Shoin, Hashimoto Sauchi, and other lower-ranking samurai who screamed the loudest and wanted to assassinate their courtiers were executed and exiled...
Before these happened, the punishment of the secretaries of state who echoed Emperor Xiaoming and demanded a return to the "good law of locking the country" had already begun.
The Shogunate sent the Kyoto Shoji to be Sakai Tadayoshi and demanded that Takaji Masatoshi and his sons Fuhei, Sanjo Shiman, and Konoe Tadaoki cut themselves off. The reason was that there was conclusive evidence that they had colluded with Tokugawa Kisaki, the lord of the Mito Domain, to rebel against the shogunate.
In this matter, I really did not wrongfully accuse them. Moreover, Radchikawa Qi Zhao rushed together, and he also got the emperor's permission, and it could even be said that it was his own idea. He wrote a letter to Tokugawa Qi Zhao, sent by someone, which had the meaning of Emperor Xian of Han writing an edict to Qi Bei.
The problem is that for Konoe Tadanoki and others, the "Forbidden and Public Laws" formulated by your shogunate is not good but evil, and if I don't obey it, it will have a tragic meaning.
They don't think they've done anything wrong, so they refuse to commit suicide.
In this regard, there is a difference between their courtiers and those samurai who blindly obey.
And Sakai Tadaoyoshi, there was no way, after all, the official punishment of the shogunate had not yet come down.
Taking advantage of the gap, Emperor Hyoming and some people who were closely related to the shogunate rushed to the rescue, and in the end, the four of them resigned from their posts and left their homes, leaving their lives.
(Japan in the New Era)
Time passed in a hurry, the shogunate fell, the Meiji Restoration, and as he grew older, he also saw through the sinister Konoe Tadagi and did not get involved in the official field anymore.
Many years later, his great-grandson formed a cabinet several times, as if fulfilling his dream of closing the white. However, the world changes from time to time, and his concept at that time was to resist the aggression of the great powers, and his great-grandson was the vanguard of foreign aggression.
Konoe Committed Suicide, and his son died in a Soviet labor camp.
Although the Konoe family was extinct, Hosokawa Gohei, the grandson of Konoe Fumimaro, inherited the Konoe family.
Hosokawa, who was prime minister from 1993 to 1994, apologized for Japan's war crimes, unlike Nazu.