A group of Victorian "rebels" who became the "strange things" in the history of world art;
Before them, the academics ruled the painting world,
After them, there were Klimt, Schiller, Van Gogh, Freud, Wilde...
As a politically charged, utopian school of art, they see paintings and crafts as a medium of narrative, and once they have chosen a subject, they begin to tell their ideas. Or sensual, or dreamy, or heavy, kaleidoscopic Pre-Raphaelites are more of a linguistic expression. They want to escape the capitalist logic of overconsumption and strive to achieve an "art for everyone."
This school of art is: Pre-Raphaelites.
There are many of their stories, all in this vast masterpiece... Rebel and aesthetic, dreamy and real, enter their art world, you will get a shocking experience that has never been experienced before.
Get to know the "Raphaelites" in one minute
1848-1910
A group of British Victorian "rebels",
It has become a "miracle" in the history of world art,
Before them, the academics ruled the world of painting,
After them, there were Klimt, Schiller, Van Gogh, Freud, Wilde...
Their artistic style influenced later generations:
Aestheticism 丨 Symbolism 丨 Vienna Secession 丨 Art Nouveau 丨 Arts and Crafts Movement
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Annunciation, 1849-1850 Oil on canvas, 72.4 cm× 41.9 cm, Tate, London
In the 1840s, the Royal Academy of Fine Arts advocated the idealization of nature and considered history painting to be at the top of the painting hierarchy, while landscape and portraiture were sub-genres that were not in the mainstream. The objects they imitated were Michel-Ange and Raffaello, as well as ancient statues.
This art academy, founded by artists and dedicated to cultivating artists, has indeed produced high-potential artists such as Hunter, Millais and Rossetti.
During their studies at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, they were very strict about copying and copying classic works of art from ancient times, but soon these ancient works became the object of their abandonment.
William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, 1853 Pencil Drawing, 33.2 cm× 24.8 cm;
John Everett Millais, William Holman Hunt, 1853 Pencil pastel, 23.5 cm× 18.9 cm;
William Holman Hunt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, 1853 Oil on wood, 29.2 cm × 21.5 cm
In September 1848, three rebellious young artists formed the "Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood". The friendship between John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and William Holman Hunte quickly transformed into a revolutionary passion that aspired to reform Victorian art and fashion in England.
John Everett Millais, Isabella, 1848-1849 Oil on canvas, 103 cm× 142.8 cm
They were founded to rebel against the conformist artistic style of the Victorian era. Hunter and Millais pointed their finger at all similar works after Raphael's Transfiguration (1516-1520), denouncing their exaggerations and exaggerations and distance from reality.
When their friends heard about them, they laughed at them as "pre-Raphaelites." They gladly accepted this title and formed the "Brotherhood of Pre-Raphaelites".
John Everett Millais, Marianna, 1851 Ebony oil on board, 59.7 cm × 49.5 cm
The four main themes of the genre:
1. Have a true and sincere intention;
2. To deeply observe nature and learn from it the method of expressing ideas;
3. To understand the art of the past with a serious and sincere attitude, and to abandon the old-fashioned, self-manifesting and mechanical repetition;
4. The most important thing is to create impeccably good works, paintings or sculptures.
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Christina Rossetti My Beautiful Lady, 1850 poetry and prints, published in Sprout magazine
Ultimately, the Raphaelites began an avant-garde art movement: a mysterious signature, a low-key manifesto, a sensational mass influence, a determination to break with stereotypes, and a periodical that expressed the ideas of genre art and published art criticism.
Pre-Raphaelite works
Impressionism, Fauvism, Abstraction... Many schools of art bloom, and although they are not familiar to the public, there are many that are well known.
And the Raphaelites... Indeed, as Andrew Lloyd Weber said, it seems to be little known, high and low, but this also detracts from the artistic charm of the pre-Raphaelites.
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Madame Lillit, 1867 Watercolor and gouache on paper 51.3 cm×44 cm New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art
John Everett Miller, Ophelia, 1851-1852 Oil on canvas, 76.2 cm× 111.8 cm, Tate Gallery, London
Edward Bern-Jones, Longing, Partial, 1873 Graphite on Paper, 21 cm× 13.3 cm London, Tate Gallery
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, St. George and the Dragon, partial, circa 1862 Stained Glass, 60.1 cm×69 cm Museum of Victoria and Albert, London
▲ William de Morgan Vase and Lid, 1888-1898, glazed pottery, 30.4 cm × 23.2 cm× 9.5 cm, de Morgan pottery factory production Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Charles Robert Ashby
Necklace, 1901-1902 Silver, gold, pearl, trace diamond, garnet, 11 cm×7 cm×1 cm;
Ship-shaped pendant, circa 1903 Gold plate set with diamonds, enamel, opal, tourmaline, 7 cm× 4.8 cm×9 cm;
Brooch, circa 1896, enamel copper, pearl, 7.3 cm×7.7 cm produced by Crafts Guilds Ltd. Museum of London, Victoria and Albert
Pre-Raphaelite style of work
Origins——
Anibal Karazi, The Planer, Illustrated London News, 8 November 1856 Woodblock print, 14 cm × 19.8 cm Private collection
For the authenticity of the theme expression, nuanced observation was at the heart of the early artistic concept of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the main visual feature of their picture presentation. Whether it is the choice of costumes of historical figures or the reproduction of natural landscapes, they strive for precision and authenticity.
Painting concept loyal to nature——
▲ Joseph Mallord William Turner, Paysage, avec femme au tambourin (Landscape Painting, Woman Playing The Tambourin), circa 1845 Oil on canvas, 88.5 cm × 118 cm
In the narrative paintings of the Pre-Raphaelites, the landscape as part of the decorative background, whose styles varied in a variety of ways, also became their special means of expressing nature. Soon, some of them began to paint landscapes as a separate genre, while also breaking the artistic norms of the time.
Towards a new era of realism ——
William Holman Hunt, Scapegoat, 1854-1855 Oil on canvas, 87 cm× 140 cm National Museum of Liverpool, Madame Liffey Gallery
Hunter's work "Scapegoat" treats the sky as yellow and purple, which fully reflects his study of light and shadow and reaches the extreme of creation. The Scapegoat remains one of the most important works of the Pre-Raphaelites, reflecting how they represent biblical landscapes in a realistic way.
Decorative arts at the peak of the period -
Edward Bern-Jones, The Jesse Tree, 1862 Glass Stained Window, 234 cm×92 cm;
Florence Cam, Dante and Beatrice, circa 1911 Glass stained windows, 149 cm × 62 cm
The stained windows are the colors that the pre-Raphaelites were keen on in the early days, and the bright patterns are presented through the light. We can also see bern-Jones's usual laid-back figures, naturalistic elements, and perspective questions that have been mentioned countless times in the study of Brotherhood's work.
▲ Augustus Verbey Northmore Pugin Door number of the New Palace of Westminster, circa 1850 carved and painted with oak, 67 cm × 62 cm Musée d'Orsay, Paris
Source: There are books to beauty
EDIT: Pony