【About the Author】
Hunan Yongshun people, Yongshun No. 1 Middle School graduates in 1985. He is currently a Zijiang Scholar Distinguished Professor of East China Normal University, the director of the Academic Committee of the Department of History, the director of the Department of History of Shanghai Normal University, the dean of the School of History and Archives of Yunnan University, the vice president of the Chinese Song History Research Association, the vice president of the China Overseas Transportation History Research Association, the vice president of the Chinese Society for the History of Sino-Foreign Relations, and the vice president of the Ancient History Committee of the China Economic History Society.
Unitary water shaped the creek state
On June 11, 2021, a group of us took a boat down the water, and the destination was Yuanling. It rained lightly, the river surface was wide, still and empty, and clouds formed from the surface of the water and the mountain forest, up the mountain, from light to thick, also static. Occasionally a strip of water fell from the mountain forest into the unitary water, and in the light gray background the bright white, only it was moving. Only one of our boats sailed on the river. The eldest sister who drove the boat said that she rarely went out of the ship, there was no goods to pull, and occasionally picked up tour groups or school spring excursions, but also because of the epidemic.
Descend from Luoyi Creek, 20 or 30 minutes, to Huixiping Village. Here the water turns northeast, and the village is on the east bank of the river near the top of the terrace. Standing at the mouth of the village, turning to the river, the mountain where the village is located stretches out into the water in a circle, and there is a thinner mountain on the left and right, opening and sinking into the river, and the dragon is coiled and tiger wings. The village was lifeless, the houses were mostly vacant, two or three dogs, and a few young children. Ask a mother-in-law about the location of the copper pillar, pointing to it, very deep underwater on the other side of the river.
Shanghui Xiping Village
This is not the white river in Shen Cong's documents. The river at the moment was too quiet, submerging everything under its seemingly calm water. Historically, the river has always been lively, and should ring the boatman's trumpet all day long: "Three old nine ridges and eighteen sleeves, seventy-two rocks and stone embankments." How much is on shore? How much is in the water? "Love to play, oops! Oh shit! "This is the rhythm that unitary water should have. Xizhou is deep in the Wuling Mountains, with layers of mountains, but its history is water-plastic. The topographic resistance of "creek and mountain obstruction" makes the unitary water a large channel. In 2002, a shocking discovery in a thousand-year-old well in Liye, Qin Jian and the ancient city, told people about the fierce competition on the Great Passage of Youshui when Qin and Chu were fighting for hegemony. The Qin people marched eastward from The Badi ShunyuShui and fought against the Chu state that had long been on the shores of the Youshui River. Along the Youshui River, through the lofty mountains of the Wuling Mountains, we embarked on the smooth road of annexing the Chu State. The Qin Dynasty established Qianling County in Liye as a stronghold for the eastward destruction of Chu. After the Qin Dynasty, Youshui was still the passage and key for the dynastic state to control the "Wuling County" and "Qianzhong Dao".
The core area of Xizhou society is the area covered by the Unitary Water Basin, and the Xizhou Society is the basin society composed of Unitary Water and its tributaries. Unitary water is the artery of Xizhou society, and Xizhou carries out the export of people, materials and culture to the outside world through this river. A considerable amount of glassware, agate and jade have been unearthed from the Warring States Tombs of Guzhanghexi, Baojing Sifangcheng and Longshan Liye along the Youshui River, all of which are not native products of Xizhou, but imported from the interior through Youshui. Two thousand years ago, boatmen fought one dangerous shoal after another with their experience and sweat in the river under the village of Huixiping. The downstream of Huixiping is a chicken coop around the five dangerous beaches of large and small thorny beaches and unitary water, and the boatmen who go up against the current first need to rest and breathe at the head of Zhenxi Bay to prepare for the beach, "Zhenxi Shawan will bend the boat, and the brothers will eat pole smoke." Small thorn beach, big thorn beach, Lu Wang is sitting on the stone horse pond. A long cable at the mouth of the fir stream, and eight petals of sweat are broken." Huixi Ping will go up, and you will have to fight with Ma Tan, Luo Yi Tan and Hua Tan to enter the long Wang Cun Tan. During the Warring States period, the boatman walking on the unitary water naturally could not use a cigarette to relieve the fatigue, but the things changed the stars, the mountains and rivers were still the same, and the hardship of the eight petals of sweat was the same. The cargo jade, official grain, military supplies, cotton yarn, satin, iron, paper, porcelain, etc. carried on the ship were different according to the different times, but they were all imported products that could not be produced by the officials and people of Xizhou. The ships descending were loaded with cinnabar, tung oil, tea oil, wubeizi, and green salt transferred from Sichuan.
Unitary watersheds
The most famous of the Xizhou products transported by the unitary water are wood and tung oil. Zhu Fu said in "Xi Man Cong" that "the barbarian land is more nan", and the inland people noticed that Xizhou was rich in nan wood in the Song Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty was the climax of the export of Nanmu in Xizhou, and the Ming Dynasty set up a wood harvesting yard in the Yongshun Tusi District, and the large wood flowed into the unitary water through various branches, out of the Yuanshui, and transported to the capital. By the time the Qing Dynasty changed the land and returned to the stream, the Great Nan wood had been cut down several times. Commodities exported from the Youshui River Basin entered the era of tung oil. Tung oil since ancient times is the material needed for construction and shipbuilding, after the land was rehabilitated, a large number of foreign merchants entered Xizhou to traffic in tung oil, forming a situation of "going down the river with tung oil and cotton with cotton and going up", planting oil tung has become an important livelihood for the people of Xizhou, and almost the mountains and mountains have seen oil tung.
The trade in unitary water shaped the municipal system of Xizhou. As mentioned above, Liye was the first stronghold after Ba Di entered Chu Land, and the characters flourished. Of course, the two estuaries of the Baojing Tusizhi Institute on the unitary water are "a big metropolis", and the longtou of the wash car river into the unitary water is also a land and water point that "passes through Sichuan Youyang Prefecture on the upper level and the North River in Chenzhou on the lower side". From north to south into Yongshun Province, the first major commercial town is Liexi, "to and from the boats are more berthed" "residents are listed, merchants gathered" and "also want to be districted". From Chenzhou into the youshui, Wangcun Town is the first important land and water importance. Here is a gentle long pool, where the boatmen can get temporary ease and joy: "Wang CunTan is long and long, and the wine boat bends in the middle of the river" "The rich brother drinks the wine, and the rich brother rubs his hands." At the end of the Qing Dynasty, more than 5 million catties of tung oil were exported through Wangcun every year. In this way, youshui shaped the economic pattern of Xizhou.
Standing in Huixiping Village and looking at this unitary water, it has been prosperous and dispersed. The boat continued down for two hours to reach Wind Beach, once one of the five most dangerous shoals in Youshui. A dam blocks the river, "high gorge out of the flat lake", making the unitary water gentle and quiet, but the noise of the unitary water does not end because of it. In the 1930s, Shen Congwen returned to Pushi, where he had once produced fat people and fat pigs, and when he saw that even the butchers in the depressed town had lost weight, he couldn't help but wonder: "Who is responsible for this?" "It is not only Pushi that is scattered in prosperity, but also the towns along the Youshui River who have such a fate. Shen Congwen knew in his heart that no one needed to be responsible, and the times had changed.
Fengtan Dam
Peak loop turn to Xizhou
The decline of Youshui is only the most recent of the changes in the times that Xizhou has experienced, not the only one in history, and certainly not the last. Northwest Hunan, where Xizhou is located, is now the "edge" of the western Hunan region, whether it is the administrative center of gravity or the interaction with the outside world, southwest Hunan has stood at the forefront. And this pattern is nothing more than a continuation and result of history.
The village of Huixiping at my feet was once the center of power in the Youshui River Basin and even the entire Xiangxi region. For a century, beginning with the five generations of Peng Shixuan, the Peng clique has sworn the states here. The first important turning point in the history of Xizhou happened here, that is, the Xizhou Huimeng in 940. Through a pact with the Machu regime, the Peng Shichou clique received "rent from the state and provided for itself." Pontus soldiers, nor do they draw a difference" of the autonomous status. For more than a thousand years, the Xizhou area had continued the tradition of dynastic state rule. If reunification was achieved from the Qin Dynasty and China entered the imperial era, Xizhou was under the direct rule of the dynastic state from the beginning, and the intervention of the inland political power was actually earlier. The Qin Dynasty established Qianling County in Liye, built a city defense, compiled household registration, and implemented standardized and strict rule. The Han and Jin dynasties established Wuling County, continuing the tradition of directly administered counties.
Look at Riyer on the eight-sided hill
In the second year of Wu Zetian's reign (691), the Tang Dynasty established Xi Prefecture in the two counties of Daxiang and Santing, which originally belonged to Chenzhou. This is the first creation of the name xizhou, and the beginning of xizhou as an independent local administrative unit. There were 2,184 households and 15,282 households in the two counties of Daxiang and Santing under the jurisdiction of Xizhou, and they were enshrined in Tributes such as Dansha, Rhino horn, Tea Tooth, and Mercury. The people of Xizhou also paid two taxes, and the people of Xizhou had complained to their superior administrative supervisor Qianzhong Observation Envoy that Shi Wei had levied 1,000 catties of cinnabar and 200 pieces of mercury in addition to the two taxes. It can be seen that the Tang Dynasty had a complete ruling system over Xizhou. Of course, the degree and scope of control over Xizhou by the counties and counties directly under the direct jurisdiction is limited, and there are still "barbarians" outside the counties and counties under the direct jurisdiction, which is beyond the reach of the king's whip. From the Han to the Tang, the barbarians constantly rebelled. Ma Yuan of the Han Dynasty came to suppress the rebellion of Wuxi Man and was trapped at the gate of entering the barbarian area, now Yuanling Hutou Mountain. In the Tang Dynasty, the barbarian commander of Xizhou rebelled against Ziqi and gathered seven or eight thousand Yi fangs.
Xizhou Copper Pillar
The Xizhou clique led by Peng Shixuan was based on local barbarians. Peng Shixuan's self-reliance interrupted the history of the counties directly under the jurisdiction of the Xizhou region and ushered in an era of eight hundred years of autonomy. Xizhou is bordered by the dynasty to the east, so how could the Peng clique sleep soundly on the side of the bed of the Central Plains Dynasty for eight hundred years? The first of course is the topographic resistance of the deep mountains and poor valleys. Xizhou is located in the eastern edge of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the middle section of the Wuling Mountains, which is a typical "Xidong" environment called in ancient times. In ancient times, there was only one way for inland people to enter Xizhou, that is, from the Yuan River into youshui. Our destination, Yuanling, the ancient seat of Chenzhou, is to enter xizhou, the pass of the "xizhi", which is "the place where the throat of the barbarians is infested", "if the barbarians do not go through this, the merchants will not pass, and if Wuling does not do this, the barbarians will not be able to pass." From this, it is quite similar to the peach blossom source in Tao Yuanming's literary imagery.
The topographical resistance of "birds can't fly, beasts don't dare to come" created conditions for the Xizhou clique to "escape" the rule of the dynasty. Although Ma Chu boasted in the covenant contained in the "Records of the Copper Pillars of Fuxi Prefecture" that "the danger of the five streams is not enough, and our brigade is scrambling to be the first to be on the ground", the environment in which "only birds fly, no one arrives" is one of the important reasons for his autonomy of the Peng group. Therefore, the Machu regime forced Peng Shi to "move the city to the flat bank" and placed its seat of government on the bank of the Youshui River, which was more easily reached by Machu. Therefore, the Forced Terrace near the top of the hill in Huixiping Village, where we are located, will not be the site of Xizhou city, and Xizhou City should be on a larger terrace below. Against this background, the Song Dynasty pursued a policy of total contraction to the southwest, and in this context, the Peng clan continued to maintain a situation of autonomy. However, the Song Dynasty also took control measures over Xizhou, placing Huixi City along the Youshui River near the Administrative Office of Xiaxi Prefecture, and building Qian'an and Zhenxi military villages to strengthen Peng's control. In 1135, the Peng clan took advantage of the fact that the Southern Song Dynasty had finished its nest and took the opportunity to move the center of rule to the hinterland of Xizhou and build Fushi City by the Lingxi River, a tributary of the Youshui River.
Wanma returned to the Dynasty
It is not that the dynastic state does not want to "inlandize" the Xizhou group, and allowing it to "escape" is only a cost consideration and strategic choice for a specific historical period. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, in order to ensure the Yunnan-Guizhou Great Passage, a system of guard houses was established in the Xizhou area, and Yangfeng Wei and Chongshan Wei were also established in the hinterland of Yongshun Tusi, but a large number of soldiers from the Weishou fled, the roads were dangerous, and the grain transportation could not be continued, and the Yangfeng Wei and Chongshan Wei were eventually moved or abandoned. Another intention was to use the powerful military and political forces of Xizhou Yongbao Tusi to restrain the "MiaoJiang" in southwest Hunan Province. Since the Ming Dynasty, he ordered Yongbao Toast to undertake "MiaoJiang", "Yongshun restrains Zhenmiao, and Baojing constrains Miao" to ensure that it "will never commit a crime".
Yongbao Toast is not obedient to the dynasty, but intends to use the dynastic policy to consolidate itself. On the one hand, Yongbao Toast made himself an indispensable reliant for the dynasty to quell the Miao rebellion by recruiting Miao, and at the same time, he worked hard to maintain the "Miao chaos" endlessly, so as to strengthen the rationality of his own existence, and even "nest Miao" and "Hide Miao", collude with Miao traitors, buy miao traitors and abduct the population, and cut off the head to invite rewards. On the other hand, the conquest of the dynasty was used as a means of enhancing its own economic strength. The "monthly routine" given by the Ming Dynasty to Yongbao Toast was calculated according to the head, and in the days of the two Guangdong Tubing and others, "in addition to four buckets and five liters, it was twice as much", and many of them could receive 9,000 taels of silver a year, but when the toast recruited its subjects internally, it was ordered to prepare its own food. Therefore, the toast was frequently transferred, and privately added conscripts, taking the blood and sweat of the native soldiers as a profit-making business, as the Ming Dynasty bureaucrats said, "The local officials sit in the camp, count the days and get silver, only wish the thief is there, and they are willing to destroy the thief."
The self-survival technique of Xizhou Toast also comes from its increasing internal integration and the improvement of its economic and cultural strength. The thousand-year-old tradition of direct rule of the dynastic state in the Xizhou area has left a rich institutional and cultural resource that can be borrowed from the Xizhou region. When Peng Shixuan built his local rule system, he used the name of Xizhou Thorn History, borrowed the county system, appointed the oath chiefs as Thorn History, Zhizhou, and County Orders, and established a system of enlistment, organizing the people with tuanbao, and collecting taxes. After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Yongshun Toast gradually formed a system of three states, six chiefs and fifty-eight banners, and the natives belonged to each flag house to divide the collar, levy the eleventh tax, cultivate and eat by themselves in peacetime, and listen to the salary in wartime. Baojing Toast has also established an equally strict system, which is more specific and small than Yongshun. This made Xizhou Tusi the most powerful indigenous force in western Hunan with the strongest social integration ability and mobilization ability, far from being comparable to the "Miaojiang" forces that were in a state of "no monarch" at that time.
Toastmaster's Hall
The position of Xizhou Toast in the indigenous society of western Hunan also comes from its more developed culture. During the Ming Dynasty, Peng Yuanjin, the Yongshun Tusi, established the first school in the Xiangxi region, Ruoyun Academy, in his old Sicheng, to invite Han Confucians to teach poetry. The emergence of such a typical Central Plains civilization tradition as Ruoyun Academy is the flower and fruit of Xizhou's more than 1,000 years of Central Plains culture and Chinese character traditions. The first Jian excavated by Liye was Chu Jian, and so far 20,000 Qin Jian has been excavated, with about 200,000 characters, and it has experienced nearly 2,000 years of Chinese character history since Peng Yuanjin established Ruoyun Academy. The Xizhou barbarian chieftains had long used Han surnames and Han names to construct family genealogies and establish ancestral halls in order to intervene in the dynastic system and enhance their own strength and influence.
The return of land to the stream has become another major turning point in the history of Xizhou. The original Xizhou Tusi District implemented a completely directly administered county system, and the natives became households through household registration and land rights registration, and Xizhou society was integrated into the inland system. The "Miao Man" in southwestern Hunan was still rejected by the Qing Dynasty outside the dynastic system. Without the responsibility of Tusi, the Qing Dynasty needed to directly face the "Miao Frontier", and "Miao Defense" became the most important affair of the Dynasty in the western Hunan region. The phoenix rose up on the ground and became the base camp of the "Miao Defense", and the "Zhen Bing" became the main force that replaced the Yongbao Tubing and participated in the national conquest. The Yongbao Toast of the Youshui River Basin and the Youshui Basin, which was once the protagonist of the Long-term Occupation in the Western Hunan Region as a large channel, have gradually receded and become the "edge" of "Miaojiang".
Diverse and symbiotic Xizhou
I asked the mother-in-law in Huixiping Village who instructed us on the copper pillar: "Is your family name Peng?" Answer "No". I also asked the old boatman who punched me in Laosicheng: "Is the surname of Laosicheng Pengduo?" He replied, "We have five miscellaneous surnames here." "Yes, Xizhou never belonged to any one ethnic group, let alone to any surname, she should have five miscellaneous surnames."
According to the process of the history of Chinese civilization, the Xia Shang Zhou period broke away from the prehistoric stage and entered the era of civilization. The earliest known indigenous civilization in Xizhou is the Shang Zhou culture. In the 1980s, a number of Shang zhou ruins were excavated at Buermen in Yongshun County. The Mengzhi River, a tributary of the Youshui River, passes through the dam of present-day Lingxi Town and flows south into the valley of the peak slope, and there are many caves and rock ravines along the cliffs of the river, providing a suitable place for ancient humans to live in a radius of tens of kilometers. These humans make their main livelihoods from fishing and hunting, or have dryland farming. Its cultural characteristics are different from the Jianghan-Dongting Lake Shangzhou culture, and it belongs to a large cultural system with the Xiajiang and Western Hubei Shangzhou cultures, and at the same time is significantly different from it, and is regarded by the academic community as a representative of indigenous culture, known as the "no two types".
No two doors
However, Xizhou is not a unity of indigenous cultures, but has always been a place of symbiosis and integration of diverse cultures. The Ba people living in the Sichuan-Shu region and the Chu people living in the Jianghan Dongting entered the Xizhou area very early and became one of the ancestors of Xizhou. The Chu people had already entered western Hunan along the Unitary River in the early Warring States period. Archaeological excavations of Warring States tombs in Guzhang, Baojing and other places have shown the symbiosis of indigenous people with the Ba and Chu peoples. These tombs include both indigenous cultures and Ba people with indigenous cultural elements, as well as Indigenous cultures that have been chuified. Chu culture, Pakistani culture and indigenous culture influence each other and integrate with each other. Mr. Pan Guangdan believes that the ancient Ba people are an important source of the Tujia family, after the Qin Dynasty, the Ba people moved south, entered the western Hubei and northwestern Hunan Provinces, integrated with the indigenous culture, and became an important source of the Ancestors of the Tujia Family.
The Xizhou area was also once the living area of the ancient Pu people. Archaeology in Xizhou has uncovered something that has never been seen in the cultural relics of the Chu, Yue and Ba people, which is speculated to be the relics of the Pu people. The Qin attacked Chu and entered the Xizhou area, and the people from Guanzhong and the Qin territories followed them to Xizhou. Pottery vessels found in the tombs of Guzhang and Baojing Warring States indicate that the owner of the tomb may have been a Guanzhong and Zhongyuan soldier who came with the Qin conquest. Mr. Liu Fusheng started from the Tujia language genus, believing that the source of the Tibetan-Burman component of the Tujia language is not the Ba people, but is actually in the Lu Rong system of the Qiang and Qiang. During the Western Zhou Dynasty of Lu Rong, who lived in the northwest region, he began to migrate east and then south, entering the Xizhou area, and from the pronunciation of the "tiger" character in the present-day Xizhou area, the pronunciation of the word "Lu" and the place name of the "Lu" character can prove that Lu Rong, Liu Junman, and Peng's forces are the source of the ancestors of the Tujia family. Of course, there are also ancient Miao people who have lived in the Xizhou area since ancient times and constantly entered the Xizhou area, and are also an important part of the various ethnic groups in Xizhou.
In ancient times and the pre-Qin period, groups of different ethnic groups such as the indigenous people of Xizhou, the Ba people, the Chu people, the Yue people, the Pu people, the Qin people, and the Miao people coexisted in the Youshui River Basin. Larger-scale immigration entered the Ming and Qing dynasties, and with the economic and commercial development of the Xizhou area, a large number of inland people came to Xizhou along the unitary water. There is no shortage of immigrants from Fujian, Zhejiang, Henan and other places who come for various reasons in the towns along the Youshui River, such as the Jiangxi Guild Hall Wanshou Palace, the Fujian Guild Hall Tianhou Temple and the Zhejiang Guild Hall Zhejiang Palace in Baojing County. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the inland people who entered Xizhou were the most popular among those who claimed to be their ancestral home in Jiangxi. The brick carving of the tomb deed found in Baojing County during the Wanli Period, zheng quan cemetery deed said that the tomb owner belonged to the people of Jinxi County, Fuzhou Province, Jiangxi, the jinguiyang cemetery deed said that the tomb owner was the people of Fengcheng County, Nanchang Province, Jiangxi Province, and the zhou Danzhi tomb deed called the tomb owner the people of Xinchang County, Ruichang Province, Jiangxi. The Genealogy of the Huang clan in Xizhou states that the Huang clan moved from Jiangxi to western Hunan during the Reign of Ming Hongwu. The surname of Liexi Yao also claimed that the family moved from Jiangxi to Wang Village, and then moved to Liexi. The genealogy of the Tian clan of Longshan County says that the ancestor Yu Ming shenzong moved in from Ji'an Jishui County, Jiangxi. The most active inland merchants in Xizhou is the Jiangxi Shang gang. There are "hundreds of merchants" in Liye Town, the most of whom are Jiangxi merchants, forming a street of "Jiangxi people" and building the Jiangxi Guild Hall Wanshou Palace. Yongshun Liexi Street Market also has Jiangxi Guild Hall, which is a commercial dock where Jiangxi merchants and travelers gather.
The entry of a large number of out-of-town immigrants has made the structure of the Xizhou population manifest distinct differences. After the Qing Dynasty changed the land and returned to the stream, the household registration statistics were carried out according to the three categories of natives, hakka people and Miao people, and the indigenous, Han and Miao people were referred to respectively. In the twenty-fifth year of Qianlong (1760), the population of Yongshun County accounted for 61.5%, 25% and 13.5% of the natives, guests and Miao people, respectively. The proportions of the three ethnic groups in Baojing and Longshan counties are slightly different, and the basic structure is more than 50% of the natives. The history of Xizhou has always been created by people of different regions and different nationalities who have continuously joined, and there has never been a so-called "barbaric do not leave the country, and the Han does not enter the country" in the actual sense.
Diverse people bring pluralistic beliefs. In the indigenous culture of Xizhou, all things have animisms, and all hands and feet are sacrificed to ghosts and gods. In the sixty years of Qianlong (1795), Zhang Tianru, a zhejiang guild auditor, served in Yongshun, and the Yongshun natives he saw were "still witches and ghosts", and the gods would invite wizards, and almost every month there was a sacrifice. From the third to the seventeenth day of the first lunar month, the tuwang is sacrificed, which is the most important sacrifice activity of the natives, "each village has a swinging hand hall, also known as the ghost hall", the gong and drumming at night, the male and female gather to dance the swing hand dance, the ritual symbol of the swing dance symbolizes and declares the orthodoxy and authority of the tu king. In February, the brother of General Ma Yuan, Fubo, Ma Yuan, In March, Ma Yuan, in April, in Mother-in-Law Temple, in June, in July, in, in July, in July, in July, During the Toast period, Buddhism and Taoism had been introduced to Xizhou, and the faith became more and more extensive. All things have spirits, making people fearful and thinking of good.
Xizhou has long coexisted with a diverse ecology. Animal skeletons found in the Shang Zhou Buermen ruins show that pigs, wild boars, porcupines, cattle, sheep, tigers, leopards, bears, deer, badgers, roe deer, big beaver cats, lynxes, rats, bamboo rats, turtles, fish and so on were hunted at that time. There are rhino horns in the Tugong of Xizhou in the Tang Dynasty. It can be seen that rhinoceros is a common animal in Xizhou in the Tang Dynasty. Until the Song Dynasty, the Two Lakes area was still an area of activity for elephants, and the environment of High Valleys and Rich Vegetation in Xizhou was also an ideal habitat for elephants. Archaeological excavations in Laosicheng show that the large animals visible on the table in the Tusi period are still basically similar to the ancestors of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, including tigers, leopards, wolves, bears, wild boars, porcupines, cattle, horses, sheep, sambar deer, sika deer, chamois, macaques and so on. Until the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the large animals contained in the Yongshun County Chronicle were still basically the same.
Looking back at the millennium and converging into the gaze in front of them, facing the unitary water in front of Huixiping Village, people can't help but sigh "How much is on the shore?" How much is in the water? "The depths of the river below are flooded with the ruins of the Lower Creek State City and the Copper Pillar that once shook The Creek State inside and outside the State, as well as those once noisy shoals and docks. With its tranquil self, Youshui proclaimed the end of the two-thousand-year-old Youshui era in Xizhou. Some of the histories that were once alive and walked with us disappeared from us as we walked. Forty years ago, perhaps more recently, walking on the mountain road of Xizhou, where there are forks in the road, there are many guiding stones, which are not only good deeds and blessings, but also convenient with people, telling the ancient folk customs of simplicity and faith. Now it seems to have lost its meaning of existence. Forty years ago, even earlier, tigers, leopards, wolves, bears, sika deer, etc. had all disappeared from the boundaries of Xizhou. The large animals that can be found on the mountains on both sides of the present-day Unitary River are the only wild boars that have survived. But history will not really disappear, the thousand-year history of Xizhou has been rooted in the blood of Xizhou people, shaping the character, thinking and habits of Xizhou people. History speaks, perhaps in the way that Liye Qinjian reappeared in the world, or by the modern Xizhou people who haunt the feelings of hometown. Hongbin Zhujun, who founded the "Xizhou Forum", is writing a new chapter in the history of Xizhou with his feelings and actions for his hometown.