It's like a book full of good qualities of people. When more than two thousand years have turned into a weedy and barren road, I have walked through it with difficulty, but I can only tell you without saying that he is actually a Hun.
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01
I thought that maybe no one would paint another portrait of him, like a drop of water dipped in my hand, pulled by time and quickly disappeared without a trace. But he painted a portrait of the Huns, carried by time, shining in a certain depth of history, just as the stars in the sky will also fill the breath of the world.
His name was Jin Ilju (金日磾), and from 134 BC to 86 BC, he was the eldest son of the Hun King Hutu and a prince of the Huns. It should be the current Wuwei people in Gansu, but some people also say that he is a Zhangye person. This is not very important to us, what is important is that he came to the Han Dynasty government as an official, and there is a history behind him that makes him very sad.
King Hutu, also known as Tuge Wang, is a title of the Xiongnu royal family. Xiu Tu was the former name of wuwei in present-day Gansu, and King Xiu Tu commanded the Hu Tu Department, the Du LoneLy Department, and the Tu Department. Later, the famous Jin clan and the Dugu clan all came from this Xiongnu tribe.
In the spring of the second year of the Western Han Dynasty (121 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent the hussar general Huo Tou to lead 10,000 cavalrymen from Longxi to attack the Xiongnu in the north, crossing the Yanzhi Mountains for more than a thousand miles, cutting off the Xiongnu's right arm, capturing the Hun evil prince, and capturing the Sacrifice Heavenly Jinren in the palace of the Hutu King.
In the summer of the same year, Huo Went ill again, and through Juyan and Xiaoyue's clan attacked the Qilian Mountains and the Second King of Hutu, causing them to suffer a heavy blow. Juyan is the Ejina of present-day Inner Mongolia, and the territory of the Xiaoyue clan is in Zhangye, Gansu. After the Xiongnu invaded Xiaoyue's territory, the Xiaoyue people hid in the Qilian Mountains, and after Huo's victory, the Xiaoyue people came out again and returned to their previous territory.
In the history books, it is said that the Xiaoyue clan went out of the mountains and lived with the Han people. There are seven large species, distributed in Huangzhong and Lingju, called "Huangzhong Yueshi Hu". Hundreds of other households are in Zhangye, called "righteousness from Hu". Huangzhong was in the eastern part of present-day Qinghai Province, in the Hehuang region, and was also part of the Hexi Corridor during the Han Dynasty. Lingju, the name of the ancient county, was only available in the Hexi Corridor where Huo went to the disease. The seat of government was northwest of present-day Yongdeng, Gansu. It is located at the key point of the Huangshui River Basin leading to the Hexi Corridor. Some people say that it is called Zero Residence, which was first in Zhangye.
The Xiaoyue people of Huangzhong and Lingju migrated after the victory of Huozhi Disease, but another of them migrated west with the invasion of the Xiongnu and established the Yueshi State along the Ili River in the western region, which was the ancient state of the Western Region in the history of the Han Dynasty, and finally migrated to Central Asia, and established the Guishan Dynasty in the Ganges River valley in the 1st century AD.
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Biography of the Western Qiang dynasty records that the Yue clan "was slightly the same as the Qiang", indicating that the language of the Yue clan is likely to belong to the Sino-Tibetan language family. This nation travels from China's Hexi Corridor to the west, leaving behind a string of footprints and ruts, so quiet that people can no longer see, but always flowing with the melody of itself.
The invasion of the Huns made the Yueshi people once look at them angrily, but they had to leave if they couldn't fight, and those who stayed behind lived with the Xiongnu, confusing the Huns. Huo's fierce beating of the Xiongnu made the Xiongnu shan very angry: How did my great Xiongnu become like this? Was it beaten by a Han family doll who was less than 20 years old? Therefore, he summoned the Hun Evil King and the Hun Tu King and wanted to kill them. The Hun Evil King and the Hu Tu King were a little afraid, and the horizontal and vertical were all dead, so it was better to surrender to the Han Dynasty!
The Chronicle of the Xiongnu: "In the autumn of Qi, the evil king of Nuhun and the king of Hutu lived in the west and killed tens of thousands of people by the Han, and wanted to summon them. The Hun Evil King and the King of Hugh Tu were afraid and plotted to surrender han, and Han sent the general Hun to meet him. The Hun Evil King killed King Hugh Tu and surrendered his people to Han. Where there are more than 40,000 people, 100,000. Therefore, the Han Dynasty had already obtained the Hun Evil King, and then Longxi, Beidi, and Hexi Yishao Hu Kou moved to the poor people of Guandong to seize the Xiongnu in Henan and New Qinzhong, and reduced the number of pawns west of the northern land by half. ”
Why did the Hun Evil King kill King Hugh Tu? It was feared that King Hutu would not be resolute in his surrender and that there would be changes. Kim Il-seok's father was killed in this way, and in terms of time, he should have been only 13 years old that year.
Statue of Kim Il-seok
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After the surrender, the Hun Evil King was very beautiful, and was given the title of Marquis of Luoyin, commanding ten thousand households, and five counties of Longxi, Beidi, Shuofang, Yunzhong, and Dai set up five subordinate states to take its people. Because of his acquisition, the Han Dynasty reduced the border defense forces in Hexi and other places, and began to emigrate to Henan and New Qinzhong in the area of present-day Ningxia, flowers reopened in the sky, and the frontier flourished. With nothing to go, Jin Ilju set up an ox cart to the east, and the cart was pulled by his mother Fu And his brother Jin Lun, both shrinking into the shell of his skin jacket, and couldn't help but think about the grassland to the east, but was dragged by the fresh sun - the three Xiongnu snunus snuggled into the yellow gate of the Han Dynasty.
Today, more than two thousand years later, in history, we have fixed the coordinates of geography in Qingtu Lake in Minqin County, the historical Yunozawa. At the end of the Warring States and the Western Han Dynasty, it was the territory of the Xiongnu Zuoxian King, and during the reign of Emperor Jing of han and Emperor Wu, zuoxian wang was Xiu Tu, because it was called Hu Tuze. Today, although the water in Zezhong has nearly dried up, it has become one of the four major sources of sandstorms in China. But that doesn't stop us from fixing it on Kim Il-seok's back to the east.
At one time, Qingtu Lake was the second largest lake in the northwest after Qinghai Lake. There is a legend about King Hutu, because the Hun Evil King killed the Hun Tu King, a beautiful concubine of the Hun Tu King refused to become a subject of the Hun Tu King, committed suicide, and was buried by the people of the Hu Tu King on a high hill by the lake, and from then on, every night, the sound of singing and playing instruments was faintly heard in the lake, so desolate that people wanted to become a drop of water and merge into the lake. Listening to the voice carefully, it was like a lake sprouting, repeatedly chanting these two words: "Hu Tu... Hugh Tu..."
Kim Il-seok was refreshed by this song, and the wheel to the east also had a new foot rhyme: he, his mother and brother were exiled to the government, and they lost to the Yellow Gate to raise horses. Later, he was promoted to horse supervisor, moved to the middle of the service, the horse lieutenant, the Guanglu doctor, into the service left and right, out of the ride. This official was a good official, and because his father, King Xiu Tu, had made a sacrifice to the heavens as a golden man, he was given the surname Jin. According to the Book of Han, promotion began with an unexpected trifle.
The passage is like this: Emperor Wu of Han once feasted in the palace, the joy was extreme, and the edict ordered the horse to help. The emperor looks at the horse, and there are beautiful people around him. The horse keepers led the fat and strong horses through the palace, and the others were peeking at the concubines beside Emperor Wu of Han, except for Jin Il,who did not squint. Emperor Wu of Han asked, "Who is this man?" The eunuch replied, "Your Majesty, he is the prince of the Hun King Hutu." Emperor Wu of Han couldn't help but praise: "Good! After that, Jin Ilju began to make steady progress, and soon became a close attendant of Emperor Wu of Han.
Because of the good impression of "incivility and don't look away", Emperor Wudi of Han often asked Jin Ilju to accompany him when he went out, and Jin Ilju became closer to Emperor Wu of Han. The days were like dewdrops falling on the tip of a knife, even if they were covered by the morning rooster crying through the mist, or by the sadness of the moon-falling frogs stirring in the night, Kim Il-seok still had to be careful to make himself more transparent.
Jin Ilju gave birth to two sons, both of whom were very beautiful, and Emperor Wudi of Han liked them very much, especially the eldest son, Lang'er, often played around Emperor Wudi of Han. Once, Lang Er surrounded Emperor Wu of Han's neck from behind, and Jin Il-ri was in front, staring at him angrily after seeing it. Lang Er loosened the neck of Emperor Wu of Han and cried as he ran, "Daddy is angry, Daddy is angry!" Emperor Wu of Han was somewhat displeased when he saw that Jin Ilju had scared the child like this. Later, the son grew up and behaved very inappropriately, even playing with the palace women in the palace. Kim Il-seok hates Lang'er's debauchery and kills him in a fit of rage. When Emperor Wudi of Han learned of this, he was furious, and Jin Ilju prostrated his head and confessed the truth, and Emperor Wudi of Han began to respect Jin Ilju from the heart, rewarded Jin Ribao with thousands of gold, and let Jin Ilju accompany him in the palace.
Kim Il-seok did not loosen his restraint on himself because of this, and remained cautious in his actions. In this regard, some noble relatives privately resented, saying: "Your Majesty does not know where to get a Hun child, but he values him very much." When Emperor Wu of Han heard about it, he did not think anything of it, but instead treated Jin Riju even more kindly. Even after the death of Kim Il-seop's mother, he ordered someone to paint a portrait of him, and inscribed on the portrait "Hugh Tu Wang ShuanShi". This greatly touched Jin Ilju and became more loyal to Emperor Wu of Han.
In 91 BC, after the scourge of the Witches, Emperor Wu of Han learned of the prince's grievances and killed all the Jiangchong clans and friends who had fabricated "cunning spirits" in the palace. Among these friends, there was a man named Ma Heluo, and before the disaster of the witches, Ma Heluo and his brother Ma Tong befriended Jiang Chong because they were afraid of being killed and plotting a rebellion. Kim Il-seok notices that MaHo Luo and Ma Tong look strange and suspects them, so he secretly pays attention to their movements alone and goes to the palace with them. Ma Heluo sensed Jin Ilju's intentions and wanted to do something to Emperor Wu of Han, but he never got the chance. Once, Emperor Wu of Han came to Lin Guang Palace, and Jin Ilju rested in the palace due to illness. MaHolo and Ma Tong, as well as his younger brother Ma Cheng'an, falsely preached the Holy Will, went out late at night, killed the emissaries together, and sent troops to start an incident.
The next morning, before Emperor Wu of Han could get up, Jin Il-ri saw Ma Heluo enter the palace for no reason, and his behavior was very suspicious, so he entered emperor Wu of Han's bedroom and hid behind the inner door. Sure enough, Jin Ilju saw Ma Heluo's sleeve with a sharp blade in his sleeve and went up from the east chamber to prepare to assassinate Emperor Wu of Han. Seeing that Kim Il-seok had already taken precautions, MaHo luo's expression changed drastically, and he hurried to escape, but unexpectedly bumped into Bao Se and fell to the ground. Kim Il-seok jumped up and hugged Ma Heluo and shouted, "Ma Heluo rebels!" Emperor Wudi of Han was startled from the bed, and the guards drew their swords at the sound of the sound, and Emperor Wudi of Han, fearing that he would hurt Jin Ilju, ordered the guards not to use the sword. Kim Il-seo grabs Ma Ho Luo by the neck and throws Ma Ho Luo to his highness, so that the guards can catch Ma Ho Luo.
Since then, Kim Il-seok has been known for his loyalty and devotion and filial piety. For decades, he never had to look directly at Emperor Wu of Han. Emperor Wu of Han rewarded his palace maid, but he did not dare to get close. Emperor Wu of Han wanted to include his daughter in the harem, but he refused. In this regard, Emperor Wu of Han praised Jin Ilju for his gentleness and prudence, especially "strange and rare".
In 87 BC, Emperor Wu of Han became seriously ill and asked Huo Guang to assist the crown prince Liu Fuling, and Huo Guang wanted to make Jin Ribao an auxiliary chancellor. But Kim Il-seok was adamantly unwilling, saying, "I am a Hun, and if I become an auxiliary minister, I will make the Xiongnu despise the Han Dynasty." "Only be Huo Guang's assistant." In September 86 BC, Kim Il-seok died of illness at the age of fifty. Emperor Zhao of Han held a solemn funeral for him, with the title of Honor, and accompanied the burial of Maoling. His family was "loyal and filial to the world, and the seventh generation of internal servants". It is said that there is a heaven and earth between the square inches, and Jin Il-ri walked out of his own heaven and earth in the eastward back of the Qingtu Lake. It is said that in the word "Xiu Tu" sung by Qingtu Lake in that year, the former people of King Xiu Tu could not stand it, so they jumped into the lake one by one "fluttering" and "fluttering", and the sound of falling water and the "Hutu" coming out of the lake were fused together, and soon became two words: "Lose me... Lose me..." And in later years there was the folk song of the Huns:
Lose me to qilian mountain, so that my six animals will not rest;
Lose me the mountain, and make my woman lose her color.
The fact is that the Jin Ribao to the east did not make the Xiongnu lose their "color", Emperor Wu died and made him the Marquis of dù (秺), and the former people of King Xiutu also built a castle for him in his hometown, echoing his land in Shandong as the Marquis of Qi, telling bits and pieces about him. Today, people say that he was a far-sighted ethnic minority politician in the history of the Western Han Dynasty, who made important contributions to maintaining national unity and social stability, and we have also launched a long search for him between Gansu and Shandong.
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It's like clothes decorating the body, and there is always a fragrant or enthusiastic heartbeat inside the body. The influence of Jin Ribao on Emperor Wu of Han was obvious, and in the heartbeat of Emperor Wu of Han, Jin Il-ri was more like a piece of clothing being worn on the body of Emperor Wu of Han. And Emperor Wu of Han wanted to include the daughter of Jin Riju into the harem, it was not as simple as the "Book of Han" recorded, thinking that a Han emperor wanted to marry a daughter of a Xiongnu, and the daughter of the Xiongnu was also a Xiongnu, and here, the Han emperor and the women of the Xiongnu had no national boundaries or ethnic distinctions, which was very surprising. Behind this is naturally the ethnic integration of Jin Ilju from the Xiongnu to the Han.
Jiaxiang, a county under the jurisdiction of Jining City, Shandong Province, is located in the western part of Jining City, belonging to the alluvial plain of the Yellow River. The Wu stone carvings in the south of Jiaxiang County, which combine literary and historical records, carvings and paintings, go back to the pre-Qin Dynasty and integrate the two Han Dynasties. For more than two thousand years, the stonemasons gently knocked out the elegant and classical romantic feelings of the stone with the chisel in their hands, and the image of Kim Il-seok was also engraved in it, becoming a photo left by history on the stone for Kim Il-ri.
In the photo, Kim Il-seok kneels next to his father, King Xiu Tu, completely looking like a humble gentleman. Chengwu County is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, under the famous peony town of Heze City, located in the Taihang Mountains and yimeng Mountains formed by the narrow road, at the junction of Lu, Su, Yu and Anhui provinces. On the map, Chengwu County and Jiaxiang County are a very close distance, and the Minutes of Reading the History of Public Opinion records that there is a village under Chengwu County. In the second year of the first year of the Han Zhao Emperor (85 BC), he made Jin Riqiu the Marquis of Qi, with 2228 households. Jin Ilju died before he reached his fiefdom at that time, and his son Jin Bounty succeeded to the throne, and Jin Bounty was childless, and the Title of Marquis of Zi was extinct. In the fourth year of the first century, the imperial court also named the grandson of Jin Jian, the second son of Jin Ri, as the Marquis of Qi, and led 1,000 households. In 1982, during the census of local cultural relics, it was found that there were ancient ruins exposed to the ground at the junction of Bole Town and Wenshang Town in Chengwu County, and the terrain was high-pitched, and cultural relics experts analyzed that the historical City of Zicheng may be near here.
The years have covered up the once prosperous city of Barnyard, and also made the title of Marquis of Barnyard disappear in the time and space of history. Why is it "barnyard"? According to the analysis of local experts, the hills at the junction of Bole Town and Wenshang Town are very similar to the word "house", and the north of it is rich in "rice", which is the image of having grain at home, and also shows the wealth of Jin Ribao in the fiefdom of Shandong. The Huns on horseback have become a farming people with grain in their families here. Grain has gently opened a path here, and has been gently hung by the years on the forehead of the people surnamed Jin in The City of Zicheng. And the memory of "Barnyard" is also the stay in Kim Il-seok's hometown.
Xingou Village, Jiantan Town, Ganzhou District, Zhangye City, is a place less than 30 kilometers away from Zhangye City. After Kim Il-seok's death, the Huns in his hometown remembered him fondly, and soon built a castle for him in the territory of Xingou Village, naming him The Fort of Theohou after his title. Fort Ishizu is nearly square in plan, 172 meters long from north to south and 152 meters wide from east to west. The wall is 6 meters high, the bottom width is 6.8 meters, and the top width is 5.5 meters, with the northern wall being the most complete. The four corners have garden-shaped corner piers, with a diameter of 8.5 meters at the bottom, 7 meters at the top, and a residual height of 6 meters. The east-west central axis is opened with gates, and each has an urn city. The urn is 30 meters long from north to south, 20 meters wide from east to west, rammed with loess, and the original ancestral temple in the fort was abandoned before liberation, and only part of the remnants of the wall are left.
In 2018, we once went to Baohou Fort, and at that time, we also hired a guide surnamed Liu. It is said that the Huns built a castle commemorating Jin Ribao here, and another important reason is that this place was once the place where the Huns cast the golden man to worship the heavens. In Master Liu's memory, the walls of Fort Wuhou could still run cars in the 1960s and 1970s, and there was a Buddhist temple built in the fort, and every New Year's Festival, people around them would come here to attend incense gatherings, which was very lively. At that time, people also arranged for the zhiqing from the city to come from the fort, "relative to the surrounding villages is a concentration point, people arrange them here, so that they can suffer less." But then, for some reason, the Buddhist temple in the fort was demolished and became deserted, and the intellectuals returned to the city, and "no one came again."
Perhaps it is precisely for this reason that in some local sources, people write that The Fort is "Fort Muhou", and some people even say that it is a "Fort of Pioneers". In front of the opening of the castle gate, we saw a monument to the protection of cultural relics erected in the 1980s and 1990s, with the words "Hou Hou" on the stele. The fort was planted with crops, corn. The walls are thick and desolate, at least 3-4 meters at the top, and at the edge of a city gate, we also see a cave that has been dug out, which is obviously inhabited by people in the past.
It is said that there are no traces of time, but there are traces of the years in The Fortress of Wuhou, and time stays in this dirt, making everything very old and old. Master Liu said that his surname was the surname of the emperor of the Han Dynasty, and his ancestors may have been sent here by the emperor of the Han Dynasty to manage the Xiongnu, but what he did not know was that in the Han Dynasty and later, the Xiongnu changed their surname to Liu was a common existence. More interesting than Master Liu's account is that there is a village called "Pujiazhuang" near The Fort of Theory, which is inhabited by basically all people with the surname of Pu, and their ancestors may be the original owners of fort, because in the northwest dialect, "Pu" and "fort" are homophonous, and the Xiongnu who left Fort of Puhou lived on the edge of Fort and gave themselves the surname of "Pu".
04
This is a rare piece of information left by history for Jin Ilju, whose city is in Shandong and Fort is in Gansu, which has become the surname of Jin and the surname of Platy. In the middle of this, there is also the "wandering" of kim Il-seok's descendants. Jinya Town is located in the west of Yuzhong County, Gansu Province, bordering Xiaguanying Town to the east, Dingyuan Town and Liandai Township to the south, Gaolan County to the west, and HaDan Township and Gongjing Township to the north. The total area is 260 square kilometers. The people surnamed Kim who live here claim to be descendants of Kim Il-seok.
This place of Jinya, we have been to many times, in some people with the surname of Jin, there are even portraits of Kim Il-seok. At the beginning of this century, the old man found a copy of the "Jin Family Tree" in Gaoqiao Town, Ziyang County, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, a family surnamed Jin, which is very detailed, not only has a 50-hereditary general table of the Jin Family from the Western Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, but also lists the "Sequence of Appointments of Former Sages and Eunuchs in the Past Dynasties" of the Jin Ri ling family, and at the same time, records the migration of the Jin family from the Western Han Dynasty to the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. In this "Genealogy of the Jin Family", the old man saw that the jin surname Jin was from Xuzhou, and this was related to the fact that the descendants of Jin Ilju had served as officials in Xuzhou.
According to the "Genealogy of the Jin Family", the person who served as an official in Xuzhou was named Jin Ao, the grandson of Jin Ribao, and also the source of the Jin surname of the Xuzhou Xiongnu, and the ancestors of the Jin ya Jin clan came to Yuzhong during the northern Song Dynasty Jianlong (the era number that Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin began to use, and it was also the first era name of the Song Dynasty), and it was a trader named Jin Canghai. From Xuzhou to Yuzhong, Jin Canghai's trading was not good, and he did not even return to Xuzhou, so he simply did not leave, and opened up wasteland and cultivated land in the Black Cow Depression Mountain of Jinya, and then there was the reproduction of the Jin family in Jinya.
However, in the body of the Jinya jin surname, we can no longer find any characteristics of the Xiongnu, I remember around 2005, when I went to Yuzhong for an interview, the local children's literature writer Jin Jitai ran forward and ran to greet him, he is the Jinya people. At that time, Teacher Jin was already more than 60 years old, and he was a little too upset in his heart, so he jokingly said to him: "Teacher Jin, you are a Xiongnu!" Teacher Jin was stunned at first, and then said humorously: "You said that I am me!" The ancient history here has been "characterized" as a person's "saying", and what is more interesting than Teacher Jin is that in Jin Il-ri's hometown of Wuwei, people actually describe Kim Il-seo as a three-eyed "horse god".
"Horse God" is what the common people often call Ma Wangye, which is related to Kim Il-seok's experience of raising horses in the palace, but why is it three eyes? As the folk saying goes, "If you don't give you something strong, you won't know that Ma Wangye has three eyes!" The Wuwei people said that if Jin Ilju did not have three eyes, how could he save Emperor Wu of Han (the palace rebellion launched by Ma Heluo)? Ma Wangye is a Taoist deity, fully known as "Lingguan Ma Marshal", also known as "Three-Eyed Aura" and "Three-Eyed Lingyao". Here, it is not difficult to see people's respect for Kim Il-seok, and he who is "eight feet two inches tall and looks very majestic" is not only in the historical books, but also in folk beliefs.
From Hexi to Chang'an, to Jiaxiang, Chengwu, Xuzhou, Yu and other places, the descendants of Jin Ribao are clearly a wide distribution, like a tree, standing on the earth more than 2,000 years ago, in the fallen leaves and fruits, breeding itself into a forest. The forest is nailed everywhere, and the agelessness is its long identity card. However, for what reason, it must be the good character of the person standing at the source. In this regard, the Book of Han praises: "Jin RiYi Yidi destroyed the country, imprisoned the Han Court, and with great respect for the Lord, faithful to himself, Le Gong General, heir to the country, the world name of loyalty and filial piety, the seventh generation of internal servants, how prosperous! At this time, it didn't matter whether he was a Hun or not.
The pictures in this article are from the network, thanks to the original author!