In the ancient matriarchal clan society, the mother was respected and worshipped, the crowd knew that there was a mother but did not know that there was a father, and the women occupied a dominant position in the clan commune, and the matrilineal inheritance system and the marriage and residence system of male marriage and female and female residence were implemented, at this time, it was roughly equivalent to the late Paleolithic to neolithic period.
Until the establishment of the patriarchal clan society, men gradually occupied an important position in the main productive sectors with physical superiority, and women took a secondary position in production and war, gradually transitioning to a patrilineal society, and began to implement the patrilineal inheritance system and the marriage and residence system from the husband. This time corresponds roughly to the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. It is gradually transitioning from "female yin worship" to "male root worship", and the sense of male superiority and female inferiority is born from it.
In the long course of history that followed, the women of our country were in a dark period for a long time, and even so, there were some famous women in ancient times who left their names in history. In the medical community alone, ancient healers mostly adhered to the dogma of "passing on men and not women", while the ancient famous doctors were mostly men, and the number of female famous doctors was far less than that of male famous doctors. Although the number is not much, it is by no means unmanned, and there is no shortage of goddess doctors in ancient China.
The first goddess doctor to appear in historical records is named Yi Jie, a girl in the Western Han Dynasty. It is said that Yi Yao's medical skills were superb, and he once treated the illness of the empress dowager of the dynasty, and thus soared. During the Western Han Dynasty, the system of the imperial court was relatively complete, so there were already some female doctors specializing in gynecology. However, these female doctors are often referred to as "breast-producing diseases" to distinguish them from male doctors.
As early as when YiYi lived in the folk, he was already famous for his superb medical skills, and his neighbors praised him. Later, her reputation spread to the imperial palace, and Emperor Wu Liu Che hired her into the palace and made her a full-time doctor for the empress. It is said that from an early age, Yoshihito was different from ordinary people, not only had a high IQ, but also developed a strong interest in obscure medical books.
Because of her interest, she began to study medicine in her childhood. Whenever the doctor consults, yiyi will always follow the doctor to practice medicine and observe the medical process. The local doctors were very fond of Xiao Yiyi, so they always did not hesitate to teach her inquiries. Over time, YiYi not only mastered a lot of medical knowledge, but also had a strong practical ability.
One day, an old man with a vicious disease came from the village of Yiyi, and the old man's stomach was bulging high, which was very frightening. After a brief look and inquiry, Yi Yao was already familiar with the location of the lesion. Subsequently, Yi Jie took a few silver needles, applied needles to the old man's stomach and thighs, and then mixed some medicinal powder and sprinkled it on the patient's affected area. Within three days, the evil disease in the old man's stomach began to subside, and after a while he was cured.
Since then, the reputation of YiYi has spread throughout the township, and everyone in the township knows the name of Yiyi.
Unfortunately, in addition to the deeds described in the previous article, the record of the righteous concubine in the historical record suddenly stopped. It is worth mentioning that YiYi does not have a benji in the "Records of History", and this woman is included in the "Biography of the Cool Official", which is only a supporting role in a story, which was taken by Mr. Sima Qian. So, why would a female doctor with excellent medical skills and positive medical ethics be included in the "Biography of the Cool Official"?
The reason is that Yi Yao's younger brother Yi Zhong was a small official at that time, and there was no evil in the fish and meat township on weekdays, and Sima Qian, while nailing this person to the pillar of shame, mentioned his sister Yi Jie in passing.
It is said that Emperor Wudi of Han's mother, Empress Wang, was old and sick, and When Emperor Wudi of Han heard that the rebel concubines were skilled in medicine, he sent someone to make a special secret visit. The results proved that Yifei was not only good at internal medicine, but also proficient in surgery and acupuncture, and the drugs used were only some mountain grasses and vines, but the effect was excellent. Therefore, Emperor Wu of Han ordered her to enter the palace and made her a special attendant of Empress Wang.
After she arrived at the palace, sure enough, she cured the empress dowager's illness. One day, Empress Wang asked her, "Do you have sons or brothers?" The righteous concubine said, "There is only one younger brother who is righteous and indulgent, but his behavior is not modest, and he must not be an official." However, because Empress Wang loved her very much, she still asked Emperor Wu of Han to make Herong Zhonglang and shangdang county order.
It is a pity that the first time the goddess doctor appeared in the historical materials of our country was in this way.
After YiYi, another goddess doctor Chun Yuyan appeared in the Han Dynasty, this female doctor often appears in modern film and television works, and many political events during the Han Xuan Emperor period are related to this woman. Chun Yuyan has appeared in the Book of Han three times, although there is also no honji about Chun Yuyan, but it is rare that Chun Yuyan 's "appearance" frequency in the history books is so high.
The reason why this female doctor appeared so frequently was not that Mr. Sima Qian saw her superb medical skills, but because she was involved in many political conspiracies and caused extremely bad influences. Like the righteous concubine mentioned earlier, Chun Yuyan is also a "person who sees the disease of breast production". In Old Chinese, the word "milk" has another meaning, that is, pregnancy.
It can be inferred that female doctors were usually responsible for obstetrics and gynecology in the imperial palace at that time, and the object of service was not men, but the female relatives of the imperial relatives. The main responsibility of female doctors in the Han Dynasty was to deliver babies, and in addition to this, she was also responsible for some gynecological diseases. The Hanshu Yiwenzhi records the "Woman's Baby Fang", which is the earliest obstetrics and gynecology literature. From this, it can be seen that the social status of female doctors in the Han Dynasty was not high, and the field of medicine they were responsible for was also very narrow.
It is said that after Chun Yu entered the palace, he had a good relationship with the wife of huo Guang, the great general of the dynasty. In order to make her daughter empress, Huo Guang's wife planned to kill the existing Empress Xu. Coincidentally, Empress Xu had just given birth to a child at this time, and she was weak and infected with gynecological diseases. In this regard, Huo Guang's wife promised Chun Yuyan a heavy profit, and asked Chun Yuyan to use his position to facilitate the poisoning of Empress Xu.
Chun Yuyan was lured into agreeing to the plot, and during the period of entering the palace to diagnose Empress Xu's illness, Chun Yuyan crushed the poisonous medicinal materials and mixed them into the prepared pills for Empress Xu to take. In this way, Empress Xu died inexplicably, and Huo Guang's wife succeeded. However, the sky has eyes, and after Huo Guang's son rebelled, Chun Yuyan's case of poisoning and killing the empress was brought out, and Chun Yuyan finally paid the price for his greed, and was executed with the Huo family, which ended sloppily.
Although the stories about Chun Yuyan are mostly conspiracies, the medical skills of Chun Yuyan are rarely mentioned in the history books. However, to be summoned to the palace, presumably this woman's medical skills are still very superb. Even so, her greedy personality, as well as her fallen medical ethics, were despised, and in the end, she ended up in misery.
Resources:
["History, Volume 122, The 62nd Biography of The Cool Officials", "The Book of Han, Volume 97, and the Biography of Foreign Relatives, 67"]