Under the ancient Chinese feudal monarchy, the emperor is a symbol of the majesty of a country, in a certain sense the emperor represents a country, but in Chinese history, there have been two major events, the emperor has been captured by the enemy country, making the country lose face, these two major events are the "Jingkang change" of the Northern Song Dynasty and the "change of the Tumu Fort" of the Ming Dynasty.
The change of Jingkang
During the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song, the treacherous minister Cai Jing and the eunuch Tong Guan were reused, and they ignored political affairs, the court was in chaos, the people were living in deep trouble, and after cooperating with the Jin State to destroy the Liao State, the weak military strength of the Northern Song Dynasty was also displayed to the Jin State, which aroused the wolf ambitions of the Jin State.
In 1127 AD, the Jin State attacked the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng, captured the father and son of Emperor Huizong of Song, the father and son of Emperor Qinzong of Song, and a large number of imperial family, harem concubines and courtiers, escorting them north, and looting the city of Tokyo, which also deeply stung the hearts of all Han people, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished, and the remaining Zhao clan had to run to a remote corner of the south.
The change of Jing Kang directly led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, the emperor was reduced to the plaything of the Jin Kingdom, and the captured concubines and concubines were even more slaves, which greatly trampled on the dignity of the Han people, known as the shame in the history of the Han people, and the Southern Song Dynasty general Yue Fei once hated in the literary work "Man Jiang Hong": "Jing Kang shame, Ju Wei Xue, courtier hate, when to perish!"
The Transformation of the Civil Fort
In 1449, the Ming court received the invasion of Hua La, and at the instigation of the eunuch Wang Zhen, Emperor Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen led more than 100 ministers and 500,000 troops to march in person, but on the way to the conquest, Zhu Qizhen favored Wang Zhen, and everything was decided by Wang Zhen, but Wang Zhen, a eunuch who knew what to march and fight, resulted in a command error, the Ming army was defeated, and Zhu Qi town was also captured by Hua Zhen at Tumu Fort.
However, after receiving the news that Zhu Qizhen was captured, at the suggestion of Yu Qian and a group of other ministers, the Ming Dynasty re-established Zhu Qiyu as emperor, and organized the "Jingshi Defense War" from top to bottom, successfully defeating the invading Wallachian army, although the Ming army suffered heavy losses in the change of Tumu Fort, it did not shake the foundation of the country, and without paying compensation, the Ming army repelled the enemy army, and finally Zhu Qizhen was safely sent back to Beijing by The Wallachians.
"Jingkang Change" and "Tumu Fort Change" are a dynasty emperor was captured by the enemy, are a shame in the history of the country, but the difference is that the change of Tumu Fort did not shake the foundation of the Ming Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty defeated The Wallachian in the Beijing Division Defense War, guarding the Ming Dynasty's national gate, but the Jing kang change made the Northern Song Dynasty directly perish, and the entire north was occupied by the Jin State, the Southern Song Dynasty small court could only shrink in the south and had to pay tribute to the Jin State every year, from the perspective of the entire influence, the change of Jing Kang was greater than the change of Tumu Fort.