December 27, the 24th day of the 11th month of the lunar calendar, is the birthday of Lady Sin .
Through the three dynasties of Liang, Chen, and Sui, Lady Xian devoted her life to stabilizing Lingnan, safeguarding national unity, and promoting national unity. She was given the title of "Lady of the Kingdom of Chen" by the Sui Dynasty, and after her death, she was posthumously honored as "Lady Chengjing". The "Book of Sui" records that in her later years, Lady Xian warned her children and grandchildren: "I have been the lord of three generations, and only one good heart is used." This sentence has been praised by posterity for a long time, and Premier Zhou Enlai also praised Lady Sin as "the first person in China's heroes".
The culture of Mrs. Sin that has been passed down for more than a thousand years has lasted for a long time, and The spirit of "only one kind heart" of Lady Sin has long been integrated into the "blood" of Maoming, the "city of good hearts". Every year on the occasion of Mrs. Sin's birthday, there are many colorful folk sacrifice activities, whether it is the electric white Lady Sin Birthday Festival, or the Sin Tai Sacrifice Ceremony in Gaozhou, which is a representative sacrifice activity with a high degree of public participation in Maoming area. In contrast, the Chengjing Lady Temple (known as the Yangong Temple) in Xiadong Town, Dianbai District, is not very popular.
In recent years, the archaeological work of Lady Xian culture has been deepened, and more and more traces of the descendants of Gaoliang Taishou Feng Bao and Lady Xian have been found in Xiadong, which has gradually increased the importance of Xiadong in the Feng Xian cultural map. Some scholars believe that the hometown of Feng Bao and Lady Xian's descendant, Sun Yueguo Duke Feng Ang, is Xiadong, and fengjia village was established here. Recently, when the author came to Xiadong Town to explore the cultural footprints of Mrs. Sin and listened to the local elderly people tell about the historical past, the people and things that had been precipitated in the long river of time came off one by one.
Issue 059, Southern Daily, Electric White Window, A03 edition. Photo by Nanfang + Deng Jianqing
Feng Family Temple, Feng Family Tomb and Feng Family Village
"The Feng Xian culture in Xiadong has always been called three Fengs, namely the Feng Family Temple, the Feng Family Tomb and the Feng Family Village." Feng Xian cultural scholar Wang Qiming introduced that to understand the Feng Xian culture in Xiadong, the "three Fengs" is a very important entry point.
At the southern foot of The Southern Foothills of Xiadong Floating Mountain, There is a Chengjing Lady Temple (known as The Yanggong Temple), which is famous for su Dongpo's inscription poems. According to legend, the temple was built by the descendants of the Feng Bao family to worship the ancestors, which is the source of the term "Feng Family Temple". The temple of Lady Chengjing enshrines the golden statue of Mrs. Sin and has attracted countless men and women to worship over the centuries. In 2011, the Chengjing Lady Temple was rebuilt, and the new temple hall is about 13 meters high, with red walls and yellow tiles, and heavy eaves rafters, which is quite magnificent and magnificent.
There is now a temple of Lady Chengjing (local name Yangong Temple) in Xiadong. Photo by Deng Jianqing
The Feng Family Tomb refers to the tomb group of descendants of the Feng Xian family after the temple of Lady Chengjing. In January 1984, the tomb of Mrs. Sin Anderson, the sixth generation of Mrs. Sin feng wu, was found on the north side of the temple. In January 1987, 50 meters south of the joint burial tomb of Feng Wu and his wife, the tomb of Lady Xu, the fifth generation granddaughter-in-law of Lady Xian, was discovered. These two closely related Tombs of the Feng Clan are considered by researchers to be a major argument for identifying Xiadong Town as an important living area for Feng Xian's descendants.
So, where is the Feng Family Village where Feng Bao and Lady Xian's descendants live? According to the Old Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang, Feng Bao and Lady Xian's grandson Feng Ang, the Duke of Yueguo, were Liangde people in their hometown, but there is still controversy about where Liangde is. The "Great Qing Dynasty Unified Chronicle" contains: "Feng Jia Village is in the electric white realm, and Feng Ang is also a person in this realm." Daoguang's "Chronicle of Dianbai County" also records: "Feng Ang was the grandson of his wife, and Tang Shi's family was in Liangde, that is, Xiadong Fort Land."
Feng Xian cultural scholar Li Juexun believes that Jinxiadong is the land of Liangde County, "Fengjia Village is located in the West Village, Dacun, Malutou and Jiuwei area of Xiadong Town. The central area is Omura. It is understood that there are still moat ruins in the area, and there are many Sui and Tang Dynasty bricks and tiles for the local people to collect and use. However, the existing historical data show that Feng Ang has a cemetery in Dianbai and Yangjiang, and it is difficult to determine where the skeleton tomb is, so it still needs a lot of research work to finally determine the actual location of Fengjia Village.
"The discovery of the tomb group of descendants of the Feng Xian family is actually a major corroboration of Feng Family Village", some researchers believe that regardless of whether the Feng Family Village in Xiadong was directly established by Feng Ang, it is an indisputable fact that Feng Xian's descendants once built a village here and prospered.
In previous years, The Lady Sin Culture Week held in Xiadong had a large number of participants. Profile picture
Look at the slope of the people to see the empty alleys
"At every temple fair, thousands of people gather to watch the slope. When there are the most people, there may be tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of people. In order to maintain the order of the festival, the township needs to organize many people to form a human wall hand in hand to block the crowds on both sides of the yingshen track. Feng Xian cultural scholars Wang Qiming and Luo Zhaoxing said that in history, the local commemoration of Lady Xian generally lasted from the sixteenth day of the first month to the nineteenth day, and when it was most lively, it was really a crowded alley in front of the slope.
Looking at renpo, it is said that it is the back school yard of Fengjia Village, and more people think that it refers to the square in front of the temple of Mrs. Chengjing. According to reports, the human slope is more than two miles long from north to south and one mile wide from east to west, which should be a gathering place for people participating in sacrifice activities. The main project of The Lady Sin Memorial Festival is to perform a big drama and "go public". Walking the gong, that is, the relay race to meet the gods, is held to watch the slope of people. The people who participated in the greeting of the gods invited the statue of Lady Sin out of the temple of Lady Chengjing, and sent it in the form of a relay race to the altar of sacrifice set up on the slope of the people, "Please Lady Sin to watch the play."
During the Lady Sin Memorial Festival, local folk shows such as fluttering colors. Profile picture
During the Lady Xian Memorial Festival in Xiadong, in addition to the local people, pilgrims and spectators from the south to the north also gathered to pay homage to Madame Cheng. Due to the surging crowds between the festivals, it has gradually developed into an exhibition of Guangdong and Western specialties, and merchants from all over the world have come here to set up stalls. Feng Xian cultural scholar Kai Ming wrote in his article "Watching the Slope of People" that during the acting and competition, merchants from near and far gathered, and the world's products gathered. The number of candy shops and fruit stalls is also uncountable, domestic cloth and "foreign cloth", one stall after another. The green tanks produced in Giethoorn Ridge, the native baskets, dustpans, hanging baskets, large wind cabinets, and often keel carts occupy large chunks of land. The grass mats of Lintou Huangyang, the soy sauce and tempeh of Shalang, the straw paper of Luokeng, the bamboo ware of Mei Zhen, the leather goods of Yangjiang, the medicinal herbs of Yangchun, and the Xinyi bucket are really all available. The flourishing culture of Mrs. Sin in the town is evident from this.
The people who were in full swing for a while once fell silent for some reason. The Temple of Lady Chengjing has also been destroyed and burned down many times in history. The bustling crowds were gone, and the villagers built houses on the slopes, planted crops, and watched as the slopes changed dramatically. In the late 1990s, local folk remodeled Feng Xian culture, and people spontaneously raised funds to rebuild the Chengjing Lady Temple on the original site. Since then, Lady Sin's sacrifice activities have been resumed, although the form of sacrifice has changed according to the needs of the times, but the enthusiasm of the people has returned rapidly, and the fire of Feng Xian culture has finally been rekindled.
Ancient stone pillars scattered among the fields and forests are said to be erected in honor of Lady Sin. Photo by Deng Jianqing
Traceability "only with a good heart"
Mrs. Sin has a famous sentence, "Only a good heart is used." The "kindness" to the country, the nation and the people is not only a portrayal of Mrs. Sin's life, but also has a very valuable practical significance after 1500 years, and also gives Maoming a unique cultural soul.
Whether it is to draw new realistic nutrients from the genes of history, or to use history as a basis to tell the vitality and temperature of Maoming's "good spirit", it is quite useful to trace the origin of "only one good heart", and thus it has become a research topic that many Feng Xian cultural scholars are extremely concerned about.
The Book of Sui records that "the Empress gave them jewelry and banquet clothes, and the lady was served in gold, and the gifts of Liang Chen and Sui were hidden in a library." Every year, the assembly is displayed in the court to show the children and grandchildren that it is advisable for ru and others to devote themselves to the Son of Heaven with all their hearts. I have been the Lord for three generations, and I have only one good heart. Now that the gifts are preserved, this reward of filial piety is also missed by all ru. ”
For the interpretation of this document, the academic community is inconsistent. On December 31, 2018, the symposium on "Tomb Group of Gufeng Family Village and Descendants of Feng Xian", sponsored by the Maoming Yanhuang Cultural Research Association and undertaken by the People's Government of Xiadong Town, Dianbai District, was held in Xiadong Town. Wu Zhaoqi, former chairman of the Maoming Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and honorary president of the Maoming Yanhuang Cultural Research Association, proposed at the exchange meeting that today's Xiadong Town is most likely the source of The spirit of "only one good heart" proposed by Mrs. Xian more than 1400 years ago.
Wu Zhaoqi believed that the "court" used to display the gifts given by the imperial court should be the large hall in the palace. This meeting to "show offspring" was actually a "court training" for the descendants of the grandchildren, warning them to be "pure-hearted" in their duties and to act "only with a good heart." The scene of Lady Xian teaching and disseminating her own values recorded in the Book of Sui is the reason for the spirit of "only using a good heart". He also extended that the warehouse and the large auditorium must be built in Fengjia Village, which is the base of family life. And Fengjia Village is in today's Xiadong Town. In this regard, many scholars who participated in the symposium on "Gu Feng Jia Village and Feng Xian Descendants Tomb Group" agreed with it.
Leaving the academic controversy and wandering through the fields and forests of Lutianpo and Shiding Village in Xiadong Town, you will find many stone pillars left over from history. The stone pillars range from three to five meters in height, convex from south to north, and resemble sails. According to the villagers of the older generation, there are nine stone pillars, and only three or four are left. Legend has it that posterity stood in honor of Lady Sin and the stone pillar symbolizes the sailboat where Lady Sin was buried.
History has been going on for more than a thousand years, and time has changed, and many world events have long been impossible to trace. But the Feng Xian cultural relics that can be seen everywhere in Xiadong tell the past of the Feng Xian family all the time. To this day, although they have their own views on history, the spirit of "only one good heart" left by Mrs. Sin is actually moist for everywhere and will always be in the world. Maoming, on the other hand, also takes the "good heart spirit" as the core, and combines the local characteristics and the spirit of the times, infiltrating every corner of the city and creating a "good heart city" with vitality and temperature.
【Writing】Southern Daily, Southern + trainee reporter Deng Jianqing
【Author】 Deng Jianqing
【Source】 Southern Press Media Group South + client